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1.
Greenwood B, 1999. The epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in children in the developing world. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354: 777–785.
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2.
Scott JA, 2007. The preventable burden of pneumococcal disease in the developing world. Vaccine 25: 2398–2405.
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3.
Nuorti JP, Whitney CG, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2010. Prevention of pneumococcal disease among infants and children—use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine—recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 59: 1–18.
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CDC, 2014. Progress in introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine—worldwide, 2000–2012. MMWR Weekly Report 62: 308–311.
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Ndiritu M, Cowgill KD, Ismail A, Chiphatsi S, Kamau T, Fegan G, Feikin DR, Newton CR, Scott JA, 2006. Immunization coverage and risk factors for failure to immunize within the Expanded Programme on Immunization in Kenya after introduction of new Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens. BMC Public Health 6: 132.
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6.
Langsten R, Hill K, 1998. The accuracy of mothers' reports of child vaccination: evidence from rural Egypt. Soc Sci Med 46: 1205–1212.
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7.
Adazu K, Lindblade KA, Rosen DH, Odhiambo F, Ofware P, Kwach J, Van Eijk AM, Decock KM, Amornkul P, Karanja D, Vulule JM, Slutsker L, 2005. Health and demographic surveillance in rural western Kenya: a platform for evaluating interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 1151–1158.
-
8.
Feikin DR, Olack B, Bigogo GM, Audi A, Cosmas L, Aura B, Burke H, Njenga MK, Williamson J, Breiman RF, 2011. The burden of common infectious disease syndromes at the clinic and household level from population-based surveillance in rural and urban Kenya. PLoS One 6: e16085.
-
9.
Odhiambo FO, Laserson KF, Sewe M, Hamel MJ, Feikin DR, Adazu K, Ogwang S, Obor D, Amek N, Bayoh N, Ombok M, Lindblade K, Desai M, ter Kuile F, Phillips-Howard P, van Eijk AM, Rosen D, Hightower A, Ofware P, Muttai H, Nahlen B, DeCock K, Slutsker L, Breiman RF, Vulule JM, 2012. Profile: the KEMRI/CDC health and demographic surveillance system–western Kenya. Int J Epidemiol 41: 977–987.
-
10.
Burgert CR, Bigogo G, Adazu K, Odhiambo F, Buehler J, Breiman RF, Laserson K, Hamel MJ, Feikin DR, 2011. Impact of implementation of free high-quality health care on health facility attendance by sick children in rural western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 16: 711–720.
-
11.
Riley WJ, Moran JW, Corso LC, Beitsch LM, Bialek R, Cofsky A, 2010. Defining quality improvement in public health. J Public Health Manag Pract 16: 5–7.
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Improving Capture of Vaccine History: Case Study from an Evaluation of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Introduction in Kenya
Aaron M. Harris
Aaron M. Harris
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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George Aol
George Aol
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Dominic Ouma
Dominic Ouma
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Godfrey Bigogo
Godfrey Bigogo
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Joel M. Montgomery
Joel M. Montgomery
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Cynthia G. Whitney
Cynthia G. Whitney
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Robert F. Breiman
Robert F. Breiman
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Lindsay Kim
Lindsay Kim
Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya; Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nairobi, Kenya; Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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With the accelerated introduction of new vaccines in low-income settings, understanding immunization program performance is critical. We sought to improve immunization history acquisition from Ministry of Health vaccination cards during a vaccine impact study of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal carriage among young children in Kenya in 2012 and 2013. We captured immunization history in a low proportion of study participants in 2012 using vaccination cards. To overcome this challenge, we implemented a household-based reminder system in 2013 using community health workers (CHWs), and increased the retrieval of vaccine cards from 62% in 2012 to 89% in 2013 (P < 0.001). The home-based reminder system using CHWs is an example of an approach that improved immunization history data quality in a resource-poor setting.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was conducted by KEMRI and U.S. CDC with financial support from the Gates Foundation and the U.S. Agency for International Development.
Authors' addresses: Aaron M. Harris, Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ieo9@cdc.gov. George Aol, Dominic Ouma, and Godfrey Bigogo, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Research and Public Health Collaboration, Kisumu, Kenya, E-mails: gaol@kemricdc.org, oumadominique@gmail.com, and gbigogo@kemricdc.org. Joel M. Montgomery, Division of Global Health Protection, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ztq9@cdc.gov. Cynthia G. Whitney and Lindsay Kim, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: cgw3@cdc.gov and iyn2@cdc.gov. Robert F. Breiman, Kenya Medical Research Institute/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, International Emerging Infections Program, Nairobi, Kenya, and Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: rfbreiman@emory.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Greenwood B, 1999. The epidemiology of pneumococcal infection in children in the developing world. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354: 777–785.
-
2.
Scott JA, 2007. The preventable burden of pneumococcal disease in the developing world. Vaccine 25: 2398–2405.
-
3.
Nuorti JP, Whitney CG, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2010. Prevention of pneumococcal disease among infants and children—use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine—recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 59: 1–18.
-
4.
CDC, 2014. Progress in introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine—worldwide, 2000–2012. MMWR Weekly Report 62: 308–311.
-
5.
Ndiritu M, Cowgill KD, Ismail A, Chiphatsi S, Kamau T, Fegan G, Feikin DR, Newton CR, Scott JA, 2006. Immunization coverage and risk factors for failure to immunize within the Expanded Programme on Immunization in Kenya after introduction of new Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis b virus antigens. BMC Public Health 6: 132.
-
6.
Langsten R, Hill K, 1998. The accuracy of mothers' reports of child vaccination: evidence from rural Egypt. Soc Sci Med 46: 1205–1212.
-
7.
Adazu K, Lindblade KA, Rosen DH, Odhiambo F, Ofware P, Kwach J, Van Eijk AM, Decock KM, Amornkul P, Karanja D, Vulule JM, Slutsker L, 2005. Health and demographic surveillance in rural western Kenya: a platform for evaluating interventions to reduce morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 1151–1158.
-
8.
Feikin DR, Olack B, Bigogo GM, Audi A, Cosmas L, Aura B, Burke H, Njenga MK, Williamson J, Breiman RF, 2011. The burden of common infectious disease syndromes at the clinic and household level from population-based surveillance in rural and urban Kenya. PLoS One 6: e16085.
-
9.
Odhiambo FO, Laserson KF, Sewe M, Hamel MJ, Feikin DR, Adazu K, Ogwang S, Obor D, Amek N, Bayoh N, Ombok M, Lindblade K, Desai M, ter Kuile F, Phillips-Howard P, van Eijk AM, Rosen D, Hightower A, Ofware P, Muttai H, Nahlen B, DeCock K, Slutsker L, Breiman RF, Vulule JM, 2012. Profile: the KEMRI/CDC health and demographic surveillance system–western Kenya. Int J Epidemiol 41: 977–987.
-
10.
Burgert CR, Bigogo G, Adazu K, Odhiambo F, Buehler J, Breiman RF, Laserson K, Hamel MJ, Feikin DR, 2011. Impact of implementation of free high-quality health care on health facility attendance by sick children in rural western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 16: 711–720.
-
11.
Riley WJ, Moran JW, Corso LC, Beitsch LM, Bialek R, Cofsky A, 2010. Defining quality improvement in public health. J Public Health Manag Pract 16: 5–7.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 294 | 242 | 9 |
| Full Text Views | 293 | 9 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 66 | 9 | 1 |