ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M, WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team, 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2010. Control of the Leishmaniases. Report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, March 22–26, 2010. WHO Technical Report Series no. 949. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
3.
Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A, Den Boer M, Cañavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Ter Horst R, López-Vélez R, Moreno J, 2008. The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 21: 334–359.
-
4.
Werneck GL, 2014. Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: rationale and concerns related to reservoir control. Rev Saude Publica 48: 851–856.
-
5.
Cerbino Neto J, Werneck GL, Costa CH, 2009. Factors associated with the incidence of urban visceral leishmaniasis: an ecological study in Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 25: 1543–1551.
-
6.
Ministério da Saúde, 2014. Datasus: Informações de Saúde, Brasil. Available at: http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sinannet/cnv/leishvbr.def. Accessed February 3, 2016.
-
7.
Costa CHN, Pereira HF, Araujo MV, 1990. Epidemia de leishmaniose visceral no Estado do Piauí, Brasil, 1980–1986. Rev Saude Publica 24: 361–372.
-
8.
Ministério da Saúde, 2006. Manual de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral, Brasília (DF), Brasil. Available at: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/manual_vigilancia_controle_leishmaniose_visceral_1edicao.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
9.
Werneck GL, 2010. Geographic spread of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 26: 644–645.
-
10.
Gontijo CMF, Melo MN, 2004. Leishmaniose visceral no Brasil: quadro atual, desafios e perspectivas. Rev Bras Epidemiol 7: 338–349.
-
11.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2010. Brasil: Censo. Available at: http://cidades.ibge.gov.br/xtras/perfil.php?lang=&codmun=221100&search=piaui|teresina|infograficos:-informacoes-completas. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
12.
Prefeitura Municipal de Teresina, 2008. Teresina Que Temos. Available at: http://www.teresina.pi.gov.br/portalpmt/orgao/SEMPLAN/doc/20080924-160-585-D.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
13.
Werneck GL, Costa CH, de Carvalho FA, Pires e Cruz M do S, Maguire JH, Castro MC, 2014. Effectiveness of insecticide spraying and culling of dogs on the incidence of Leishmania infantum infection in humans: a cluster randomized trial in Teresina, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3172.
-
14.
Loh W-Y, 2008. Classification and regression tree methods. Ruggeri F, Kenett R, Faltin F, eds. Encyclopedia of Statistics in Quality and Reliability. Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley, 315–323.
-
15.
Breiman L, Friedman JH, Olshen RA, Stone CJ, 1984. Classification and Regression Trees. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
-
16.
Silveira FT, Lainson R, Pereira EA, de Souza AA, Campos MB, Chagas EJ, Gomes CM, Laurenti MD, Corbett CE, 2009. A longitudinal study on the transmission dynamics of human Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection in Amazonian Brazil, with special reference to its prevalence and incidence. Parasitol Res 104: 559–567.
-
17.
Caldas AJ, Silva DR, Pereira CC, Nunes PM, Silva BP, Silva AA, Barral A, Costa JM, 2001. Infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi em crianças de uma área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral americana na Ilha de São Luís-MA, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 34: 445–451.
-
18.
Silva ES, Gontijo CM, Pacheco RS, Fiuza VO, Brazil RP, 2001. Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 96: 285–291.
-
19.
Cavalcante MNS, 2009. Fatores Associados à Infecção por Leishmania chagasi em Indivíduos Assintomáticos no Município de Raposa. Master's Dissertation. São Luís, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Available at: http://www.tedebc.ufma.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=421. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
20.
Lima ID, 2011. Aspectos Ambientais e Sociais Envolvidos na Transmissão da L. chagasi no Município de Parnamirim/RN. Master's Dissertation Natal, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Available at: http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13274/1/IraciDL_Dissert.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
21.
Gouvea MV, Werneck GL, Costa CH, Carvalho FAA, 2007. Factors associated to Montenegro skin test positivity in Teresina, Brazil. Acta Trop 104: 99–107.
-
22.
Belo VS, Werneck GL, Barbosa DS, Simões TC, Nascimento BW, da Silva ES, Struchiner CJ, 2013. Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in the americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2182.
-
23.
de Amorim CF, Santos Albano Amóra S, Kazimoto TA, de Lima Costa KF, Silva LF, de Sousa ML, Freitas YB, Alves ND, Feijó FM, 2015. Knowledge of the population about visceral leishmaniasis transmission in endemic areas near the banks of the Mossoró River in northeastern Brazil. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12: 3343–3357.
-
24.
Borges BK, Silva JA, Haddad JP, Moreira EC, Magalhães DF, Ribeiro LM, Fiúza V de O, 2008. Avaliação do nível de conhecimento e de atitudes preventivas da população sobre a leishmaniose visceral em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Cad Saude Publica 24: 777–784.
-
25.
Killick-Kendrick R, 2010. Education is key to controlling visceral leishmaniasis. Bull World Health Organ 88: 11–12.
-
26.
Costa KFL, 2014. Percepção e Diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina em Áreas Ribeirinhas na Cidade de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Master's Dissertation. Mossoró, Brazil: Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Available at: http://ppgats.ufersa.edu.br/wp-content/uploads/sites/47/2014/09/Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o-final-Kalidia-Felipe.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
27.
Cesse EAP, Carvalho EF, Andrade PA, Ramalho WM, Luna L, 2001. Organização do espaço urbano e expansão do calazar. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant 1: 167–176.
-
28.
Alvar J, Yactayo S, Bern C, 2006. Leishmaniasis and poverty. Trends Parasitol 22: 552–557.
-
29.
Oliveira CDL, Diez-Roux A, César CC, Proietti FA, 2006. A case-control study of microenvironmental risk factors for urban visceral leishmaniasis in a large city in Brazil, 1999–2000. Rev Panam Salud Publica 20: 369–376.
-
30.
Boelaert M, Meheus F, Sanchez A, Singh SP, Vanlerberghe V, Picado A, Meessen B, Sundar S, 2009. The poorest of the poor: a poverty appraisal of households affected by visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India. Trop Med Int Health 14: 639–644.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 277 | 209 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 397 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 76 | 4 | 0 |
Risk Profiles for Leishmania infantum Infection in Brazil
Erika Barretto Alves
Erika Barretto Alves
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
Carlos Henrique Nery Costa
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Fernando Aécio Amorim de Carvalho
Fernando Aécio Amorim de Carvalho
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Maria do Socorro Pires e Cruz
Maria do Socorro Pires e Cruz
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
Guilherme Loureiro Werneck
Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Natan Portela, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
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The aim of this study was to characterize risk profiles for Leishmania infantum infection in a population living in an area endemic for visceral leishmaniasis. A cohort study was conducted between January 2004 and December 2006 with the participation of 430 individuals living in the city of Teresina, northeast Brazil, who were initially negative for the Montenegro test. Data analysis was performed using the classification and regression tree method. The cumulative incidence (CI) of Montenegro's test conversion was 35% at 18-month follow-up. Eight different risk profiles for L. infantum infection were identified. The profile with the highest risk (CI = 75%) comprised individuals with less than 4 years of education who had never lived outside Teresina. The profile with the lowest risk (CI = 5%) included highly educated subjects who had owned a dog for 5 years or more and lived in areas that received some type of intervention. These results show that there is a high degree of complexity involved in the risk for L. infantum infection and point out the need of developing new studies to perform a comprehensive analysis focused on investigating the interrelation between risk factors rather than their isolated roles on the determination of infection levels in urban areas.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Erika Barretto Alves and Guilherme Loureiro Werneck, Instituto de Estudos em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mails: erika-barretto@hotmail.com and gwerneck@iesc.ufrj.br. Carlos Henrique Nery Costa, Instituto de Doenças Tropicais Nathan Portella and Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, E-mail: chncosta@gmail.com. Fernando Aécio Amorim de Carvalho, Departamento de Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, E-mail: famorim@ufpi.edu.br. Maria do Socorro Pires e Cruz, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil, E-mail: mspcruz@ufpi.edu.br.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Alvar J, Velez ID, Bern C, Herrero M, Desjeux P, Cano J, Jannin J, den Boer M, WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team, 2012. Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence. PLoS One 7: e35671.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2010. Control of the Leishmaniases. Report of a meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniases, March 22–26, 2010. WHO Technical Report Series no. 949. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
-
3.
Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A, Den Boer M, Cañavate C, Dedet JP, Gradoni L, Ter Horst R, López-Vélez R, Moreno J, 2008. The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 21: 334–359.
-
4.
Werneck GL, 2014. Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil: rationale and concerns related to reservoir control. Rev Saude Publica 48: 851–856.
-
5.
Cerbino Neto J, Werneck GL, Costa CH, 2009. Factors associated with the incidence of urban visceral leishmaniasis: an ecological study in Teresina, Piauí State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 25: 1543–1551.
-
6.
Ministério da Saúde, 2014. Datasus: Informações de Saúde, Brasil. Available at: http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/deftohtm.exe?sinannet/cnv/leishvbr.def. Accessed February 3, 2016.
-
7.
Costa CHN, Pereira HF, Araujo MV, 1990. Epidemia de leishmaniose visceral no Estado do Piauí, Brasil, 1980–1986. Rev Saude Publica 24: 361–372.
-
8.
Ministério da Saúde, 2006. Manual de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral, Brasília (DF), Brasil. Available at: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/manual_vigilancia_controle_leishmaniose_visceral_1edicao.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
9.
Werneck GL, 2010. Geographic spread of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Cad Saude Publica 26: 644–645.
-
10.
Gontijo CMF, Melo MN, 2004. Leishmaniose visceral no Brasil: quadro atual, desafios e perspectivas. Rev Bras Epidemiol 7: 338–349.
-
11.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, 2010. Brasil: Censo. Available at: http://cidades.ibge.gov.br/xtras/perfil.php?lang=&codmun=221100&search=piaui|teresina|infograficos:-informacoes-completas. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
12.
Prefeitura Municipal de Teresina, 2008. Teresina Que Temos. Available at: http://www.teresina.pi.gov.br/portalpmt/orgao/SEMPLAN/doc/20080924-160-585-D.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
13.
Werneck GL, Costa CH, de Carvalho FA, Pires e Cruz M do S, Maguire JH, Castro MC, 2014. Effectiveness of insecticide spraying and culling of dogs on the incidence of Leishmania infantum infection in humans: a cluster randomized trial in Teresina, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3172.
-
14.
Loh W-Y, 2008. Classification and regression tree methods. Ruggeri F, Kenett R, Faltin F, eds. Encyclopedia of Statistics in Quality and Reliability. Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley, 315–323.
-
15.
Breiman L, Friedman JH, Olshen RA, Stone CJ, 1984. Classification and Regression Trees. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
-
16.
Silveira FT, Lainson R, Pereira EA, de Souza AA, Campos MB, Chagas EJ, Gomes CM, Laurenti MD, Corbett CE, 2009. A longitudinal study on the transmission dynamics of human Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi infection in Amazonian Brazil, with special reference to its prevalence and incidence. Parasitol Res 104: 559–567.
-
17.
Caldas AJ, Silva DR, Pereira CC, Nunes PM, Silva BP, Silva AA, Barral A, Costa JM, 2001. Infecção por Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi em crianças de uma área endêmica de leishmaniose visceral americana na Ilha de São Luís-MA, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 34: 445–451.
-
18.
Silva ES, Gontijo CM, Pacheco RS, Fiuza VO, Brazil RP, 2001. Visceral Leishmaniasis in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 96: 285–291.
-
19.
Cavalcante MNS, 2009. Fatores Associados à Infecção por Leishmania chagasi em Indivíduos Assintomáticos no Município de Raposa. Master's Dissertation. São Luís, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Available at: http://www.tedebc.ufma.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=421. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
20.
Lima ID, 2011. Aspectos Ambientais e Sociais Envolvidos na Transmissão da L. chagasi no Município de Parnamirim/RN. Master's Dissertation Natal, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Available at: http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13274/1/IraciDL_Dissert.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
21.
Gouvea MV, Werneck GL, Costa CH, Carvalho FAA, 2007. Factors associated to Montenegro skin test positivity in Teresina, Brazil. Acta Trop 104: 99–107.
-
22.
Belo VS, Werneck GL, Barbosa DS, Simões TC, Nascimento BW, da Silva ES, Struchiner CJ, 2013. Factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis in the americas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2182.
-
23.
de Amorim CF, Santos Albano Amóra S, Kazimoto TA, de Lima Costa KF, Silva LF, de Sousa ML, Freitas YB, Alves ND, Feijó FM, 2015. Knowledge of the population about visceral leishmaniasis transmission in endemic areas near the banks of the Mossoró River in northeastern Brazil. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12: 3343–3357.
-
24.
Borges BK, Silva JA, Haddad JP, Moreira EC, Magalhães DF, Ribeiro LM, Fiúza V de O, 2008. Avaliação do nível de conhecimento e de atitudes preventivas da população sobre a leishmaniose visceral em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Cad Saude Publica 24: 777–784.
-
25.
Killick-Kendrick R, 2010. Education is key to controlling visceral leishmaniasis. Bull World Health Organ 88: 11–12.
-
26.
Costa KFL, 2014. Percepção e Diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina em Áreas Ribeirinhas na Cidade de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Master's Dissertation. Mossoró, Brazil: Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Available at: http://ppgats.ufersa.edu.br/wp-content/uploads/sites/47/2014/09/Disserta%C3%A7%C3%A3o-final-Kalidia-Felipe.pdf. Accessed February 12, 2016.
-
27.
Cesse EAP, Carvalho EF, Andrade PA, Ramalho WM, Luna L, 2001. Organização do espaço urbano e expansão do calazar. Rev Bras Saude Mater Infant 1: 167–176.
-
28.
Alvar J, Yactayo S, Bern C, 2006. Leishmaniasis and poverty. Trends Parasitol 22: 552–557.
-
29.
Oliveira CDL, Diez-Roux A, César CC, Proietti FA, 2006. A case-control study of microenvironmental risk factors for urban visceral leishmaniasis in a large city in Brazil, 1999–2000. Rev Panam Salud Publica 20: 369–376.
-
30.
Boelaert M, Meheus F, Sanchez A, Singh SP, Vanlerberghe V, Picado A, Meessen B, Sundar S, 2009. The poorest of the poor: a poverty appraisal of households affected by visceral leishmaniasis in Bihar, India. Trop Med Int Health 14: 639–644.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 277 | 209 | 7 |
| Full Text Views | 397 | 5 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 76 | 4 | 0 |