ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Chakrabarti A, Bonifaz A, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Mochizuki T, Li S, 2015. Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis. Med Mycol 53: 3–14.
-
2.
Zhang Y, Hagen F, Stielow B, Rodrigues AM, Samerpitak K, Zhou X, Feng P, Yang L, Chen M, Deng S, Li S, Liao W, Li R, Li F, Meis JF, Guarro J, Teixeira M, Al-Zahrani HS, Camargo ZP, Zhang L, de Hoog GS, 2015. Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14000 human and animal case reports. Persoonia 35: 1–20.
-
3.
Bonifaz A, Vázquez-González D, 2013. Diagnosis and treatment of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis: what are the options? Curr Fungal Infect Rep 7: 252–259.
-
4.
Pappas PG, Tellez I, Deep AE, Nolasco D, Holgado W, Bustamante B, 2000. Sporotrichosis in Peru: description of an area of hyperendemicity. Clin Infect Dis 30: 65–70.
-
5.
Marimon R, Cano J, Gené J, Sutton DA, Kawasaki M, Guarro J, 2007. Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, three new Sporothrix species of clinical interest. J Clin Microbiol 45: 3198–3206.
-
6.
Marimon R, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J, 2008. Sporothrix luriei: a rare fungus from clinical origin. Med Mycol 46: 621–625.
-
7.
Zhou X, Rodrigues AM, Feng P, de Hoog GS, 2014. Global ITS diversity in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Fungal Divers 66: 153–165.
-
8.
Rodrigues AM, de Melo Teixeira M, de Hoog GS, Schubach TMP, Pereira SA, Fernandes GF, Bezerra LML, Felipe MS, de Camargo ZP, 2013. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a high prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in feline sporotrichosis outbreaks. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2281.
-
9.
Rodrigues AM, de Hoog GS, Zhang Y, Camargo ZP, 2014. Emerging sporotrichosis is driven by clonal and recombinant Sporothrix species. Emerg Microbes Infect 3: e32.
-
10.
Madrid H, Cano J, Gene J, Bonifaz A, Toriello C, Guarro J, 2009. Sporothrix globosa, a pathogenic fungus with widespread geographical distribution. Rev Iberoam Micol 26: 218–222.
-
11.
Yu X, Wan Z, Zhang Z, Li F, Li R, Liu X, 2013. Phenotypic and molecular identification of Sporothrix isolates of clinical origin in northeast China. Mycopathologia 176: 67–74.
-
12.
Camacho E, León-Navarro I, Rodríguez-Brito S, Mendoza M, Niño-Vega GA, 2015. Molecular epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in Venezuela reveals high frequency of Sporothrix globosa. BMC Infect Dis 15: 94.
-
13.
Fernandes GF, dos Santos PO, Rodrigues AM, Sasaki AA, Burger E, de Camargo ZP, 2013. Characterization of virulence profile, protein secretion and immunogenicity of different Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolates compared with S. globosa and S. brasiliensis species. Virulence 4: 241–249.
-
14.
Arrillaga-Moncrieff I, Capilla J, Mayayo E, Marimon R, Mariné M, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J, 2009. Different virulence levels of the species of Sporothrix in a murine model. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 651–655.
-
15.
Rodrigues AM, de Hoog GS, de Cassia Pires D, Brihante RSN, da Costa Sidrim JJ, Gadelha MF, Colombo AL, de Camargo ZP, 2014. Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility profiles in causative agents of sporotrichosis. BMC Infect Dis 14: 219.
-
16.
Borba-Santos LP, Rodrigues AM, Gagini TB, Fernandes GF, Castro R, de Camargo ZP, Nucci M, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Ishida K, Rozental S, 2015. Susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates to amphotericin B, azoles, and terbinafine. Med Mycol 53: 178–188.
-
17.
Rodrigues AM, de Hoog S, de Camargo ZP, 2013. Emergence of pathogenicity in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Med Mycol 51: 405–412.
-
18.
Rodrigues AM, Najafzadeh MJ, de Hoog GS, de Camargo ZP, 2015. Rapid identification of emerging human-pathogenic Sporothrix species with rolling circle amplification. Front Microbiol 6: 1385.
-
19.
Katoh K, Standley DM, 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol 30: 772–780.
-
20.
Marimon R, Serena C, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J, 2008. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of Sporothrix. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 732–734.
-
21.
Rodrigues AM, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Fernandes GF, de Almeida SR, Lopes-Bezerra LM, de Camargo ZP, 2015. Immunoproteomic analysis reveals a convergent humoral response signature in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. J Proteomics 115: 8–22.
-
22.
Fernandes GF, Amaral CCD, Sasaki A, Godoy PM, De Camargo ZP, 2009. Heterogeneity of proteins expressed by Brazilian Sporothrix schenckii isolates. Med Mycol 47: 855–861.
-
23.
Rodrigues AM, Fernandes GF, Araujo LM, Della Terra PP, Dos Santos PO, Pereira SA, Schubach TM, Burger E, Lopes-Bezerra LM, de Camargo ZP, 2015. Proteomics-based characterization of the humoral immune response in sporotrichosis: toward discovery of potential diagnostic and vaccine antigens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004016.
-
24.
Scott EN, Muchmore HG, 1989. Immunoblot analysis of antibody responses to Sporothrix schenckii. J Clin Microbiol 27: 300–304.
-
25.
Rodrigues AM, Bagagli E, de Camargo ZP, Bosco SMG, 2014. Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolated from soil in an armadillo's burrow. Mycopathologia 177: 199–206.
-
26.
Rodrigues AM, Cruz Choappa R, Fernandes GF, De Hoog GS, Camargo ZP, 2016. Sporothrix chilensis sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Ophiostomatales), a soil-borne agent of human sporotrichosis with mild-pathogenic potential to mammals. Fungal Biol 120: 246–264.
-
27.
Vismer HF, Hull PR, 1997. Prevalence, epidemiology and geographical distribution of Sporothrix schenckii infections in Gauteng, South Africa. Mycopathologia 137: 137–143.
-
28.
de Oliveira MM, de Almeida-Paes R, de Medeiros Muniz M, de Lima Barros MB, Galhardo MC, Zancope-Oliveira RM, 2010. Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: case report. Mycopathologia 169: 359–363.
-
29.
Song Y, Li SS, Zhong SX, Liu YY, Yao L, Huo SS, 2013. Report of 457 sporotrichosis cases from Jilin province, northeast China, a serious endemic region. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27: 313–318.
-
30.
Castro RA, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Teixeira PAC, Sanches GF, Teixeira MM, Quintella LP, Almeida SR, Costa RO, Camargo ZP, Felipe MSS, de Souza W, Lopes-Bezerra LM, 2013. Differences in cell morphometry, cell wall topography and Gp70 expression correlate with the virulence of Sporothrix brasiliensis clinical isolates. PLoS One 8: e75656.
-
31.
de Macedo PM, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Orofino-Costa R, 2015. New posology of potassium iodide for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis: study of efficacy and safety in 102 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 29: 719–724.
-
32.
Orofino-Costa R, de Macedo PM, Bernardes-Engemann AR, 2015. Hyperendemia of sporotrichosis in the Brazilian southeast: learning from clinics and therapeutics. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 9: 220–228.
-
33.
Ottonelli Stopiglia CD, Magagnin CM, Castrillon MR, Mendes SD, Heidrich D, Valente P, Scroferneker ML, 2014. Antifungal susceptibilities and identification of species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex isolated in Brazil. Med Mycol 52: 56–64.
-
34.
Silveira CP, Torres-Rodríguez JM, Alvarado-Ramírez E, Murciano-Gonzalo F, Dolande M, Panizo M, Reviakina V, 2009. MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole and terbinafine in Sporothrix schenckii. J Med Microbiol 58: 1607–1610.
-
35.
de Macedo PM, Sztajnbok DC, Camargo ZP, Rodrigues AM, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Orofino-Costa R, 2015. Dacryocystitis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: a case report of a successful clinical and serological outcome with low-dose potassium iodide treatment and oculoplastic surgery. Br J Dermatol 172: 1116–1119.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 558 | 423 | 196 |
| Full Text Views | 422 | 18 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 177 | 16 | 0 |
Atypical Clinical Presentation of Sporotrichosis Caused by Sporothrix globosa Resistant to Itraconazole
Olga Fischman Gompertz
Olga Fischman Gompertz
Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Anderson M. Rodrigues
Anderson M. Rodrigues
Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Geisa F. Fernandes
Geisa F. Fernandes
Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Henri D. L. Bentubo
Henri D. L. Bentubo
Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zoilo Pires de Camargo
Zoilo Pires de Camargo
Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Valéria Petri
Valéria Petri
Cell Biology Division, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sporotrichosis is a polymorphic disease of humans and animals, which is acquired via traumatic inoculation of Sporothrix propagules into cutaneous or subcutaneous tissue. The etiological agents are in a clinical complex, which includes Sporothrix brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix globosa, and Sporothrix luriei, each of which has specific epidemiological and virulence characteristics. Classical manifestation in humans includes a fixed localized lesion at the site of trauma plus lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with fungal spreading along the lymphatic channels. Atypical sporotrichosis is a challenge to diagnosis because it can mimic many other dermatological diseases. We report an unusual, itraconazole-resistant cutaneous lesion of sporotrichosis in a 66-year-old Brazilian man. Histopathological examination of the skin revealed vascular and fibroblastic proliferation with chronic granulomatous infiltrate composed of multinucleated giant cells. Sporothrix were isolated from the skin lesion, and phylogenetic analyses confirmed it to be sporotrichosis due to S. globosa, a widespread pathogen. Immunoblotting analysis showed several IgG-reactive molecules in autochthonous preparations of the whole cellular proteins (160, 80, 60, 55, 46, 38, 35, and 30 kDa) and exoantigen (35 and 33 kDa). The patient was first unsuccessfully treated with daily itraconazole, and then successfully treated with potassium iodide.
Author Notes
Financial support: Anderson M. Rodrigues (FAPESP 2015/19746-8) and Geisa F. Fernandes (FAPESP 2011/01628-8) are fellows and received financial support from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). This work was supported in part by grants from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2009/54024-2) and from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 472169/2012-2). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, the decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Authors' addresses: Olga Fischman Gompertz, Anderson M. Rodrigues, Geisa F. Fernandes, Henri D. L. Bentubo, and Zoilo Pires de Camargo, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mails: olga.gompertz@unifesp.br, amrodrigues.amr@gmail.com, geisafernandes@yahoo.com.br, hbentubo@yahoo.com.br, and zpcamargo1@gmail.com. Valéria Petri, Department of Dermatology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mail: valeriapetrivp@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Chakrabarti A, Bonifaz A, Gutierrez-Galhardo MC, Mochizuki T, Li S, 2015. Global epidemiology of sporotrichosis. Med Mycol 53: 3–14.
-
2.
Zhang Y, Hagen F, Stielow B, Rodrigues AM, Samerpitak K, Zhou X, Feng P, Yang L, Chen M, Deng S, Li S, Liao W, Li R, Li F, Meis JF, Guarro J, Teixeira M, Al-Zahrani HS, Camargo ZP, Zhang L, de Hoog GS, 2015. Phylogeography and evolutionary patterns in Sporothrix spanning more than 14000 human and animal case reports. Persoonia 35: 1–20.
-
3.
Bonifaz A, Vázquez-González D, 2013. Diagnosis and treatment of lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis: what are the options? Curr Fungal Infect Rep 7: 252–259.
-
4.
Pappas PG, Tellez I, Deep AE, Nolasco D, Holgado W, Bustamante B, 2000. Sporotrichosis in Peru: description of an area of hyperendemicity. Clin Infect Dis 30: 65–70.
-
5.
Marimon R, Cano J, Gené J, Sutton DA, Kawasaki M, Guarro J, 2007. Sporothrix brasiliensis, S. globosa, and S. mexicana, three new Sporothrix species of clinical interest. J Clin Microbiol 45: 3198–3206.
-
6.
Marimon R, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J, 2008. Sporothrix luriei: a rare fungus from clinical origin. Med Mycol 46: 621–625.
-
7.
Zhou X, Rodrigues AM, Feng P, de Hoog GS, 2014. Global ITS diversity in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Fungal Divers 66: 153–165.
-
8.
Rodrigues AM, de Melo Teixeira M, de Hoog GS, Schubach TMP, Pereira SA, Fernandes GF, Bezerra LML, Felipe MS, de Camargo ZP, 2013. Phylogenetic analysis reveals a high prevalence of Sporothrix brasiliensis in feline sporotrichosis outbreaks. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2281.
-
9.
Rodrigues AM, de Hoog GS, Zhang Y, Camargo ZP, 2014. Emerging sporotrichosis is driven by clonal and recombinant Sporothrix species. Emerg Microbes Infect 3: e32.
-
10.
Madrid H, Cano J, Gene J, Bonifaz A, Toriello C, Guarro J, 2009. Sporothrix globosa, a pathogenic fungus with widespread geographical distribution. Rev Iberoam Micol 26: 218–222.
-
11.
Yu X, Wan Z, Zhang Z, Li F, Li R, Liu X, 2013. Phenotypic and molecular identification of Sporothrix isolates of clinical origin in northeast China. Mycopathologia 176: 67–74.
-
12.
Camacho E, León-Navarro I, Rodríguez-Brito S, Mendoza M, Niño-Vega GA, 2015. Molecular epidemiology of human sporotrichosis in Venezuela reveals high frequency of Sporothrix globosa. BMC Infect Dis 15: 94.
-
13.
Fernandes GF, dos Santos PO, Rodrigues AM, Sasaki AA, Burger E, de Camargo ZP, 2013. Characterization of virulence profile, protein secretion and immunogenicity of different Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolates compared with S. globosa and S. brasiliensis species. Virulence 4: 241–249.
-
14.
Arrillaga-Moncrieff I, Capilla J, Mayayo E, Marimon R, Mariné M, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J, 2009. Different virulence levels of the species of Sporothrix in a murine model. Clin Microbiol Infect 15: 651–655.
-
15.
Rodrigues AM, de Hoog GS, de Cassia Pires D, Brihante RSN, da Costa Sidrim JJ, Gadelha MF, Colombo AL, de Camargo ZP, 2014. Genetic diversity and antifungal susceptibility profiles in causative agents of sporotrichosis. BMC Infect Dis 14: 219.
-
16.
Borba-Santos LP, Rodrigues AM, Gagini TB, Fernandes GF, Castro R, de Camargo ZP, Nucci M, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Ishida K, Rozental S, 2015. Susceptibility of Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates to amphotericin B, azoles, and terbinafine. Med Mycol 53: 178–188.
-
17.
Rodrigues AM, de Hoog S, de Camargo ZP, 2013. Emergence of pathogenicity in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. Med Mycol 51: 405–412.
-
18.
Rodrigues AM, Najafzadeh MJ, de Hoog GS, de Camargo ZP, 2015. Rapid identification of emerging human-pathogenic Sporothrix species with rolling circle amplification. Front Microbiol 6: 1385.
-
19.
Katoh K, Standley DM, 2013. MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Mol Biol Evol 30: 772–780.
-
20.
Marimon R, Serena C, Gené J, Cano J, Guarro J, 2008. In vitro antifungal susceptibilities of five species of Sporothrix. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52: 732–734.
-
21.
Rodrigues AM, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Fernandes GF, de Almeida SR, Lopes-Bezerra LM, de Camargo ZP, 2015. Immunoproteomic analysis reveals a convergent humoral response signature in the Sporothrix schenckii complex. J Proteomics 115: 8–22.
-
22.
Fernandes GF, Amaral CCD, Sasaki A, Godoy PM, De Camargo ZP, 2009. Heterogeneity of proteins expressed by Brazilian Sporothrix schenckii isolates. Med Mycol 47: 855–861.
-
23.
Rodrigues AM, Fernandes GF, Araujo LM, Della Terra PP, Dos Santos PO, Pereira SA, Schubach TM, Burger E, Lopes-Bezerra LM, de Camargo ZP, 2015. Proteomics-based characterization of the humoral immune response in sporotrichosis: toward discovery of potential diagnostic and vaccine antigens. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e0004016.
-
24.
Scott EN, Muchmore HG, 1989. Immunoblot analysis of antibody responses to Sporothrix schenckii. J Clin Microbiol 27: 300–304.
-
25.
Rodrigues AM, Bagagli E, de Camargo ZP, Bosco SMG, 2014. Sporothrix schenckii sensu stricto isolated from soil in an armadillo's burrow. Mycopathologia 177: 199–206.
-
26.
Rodrigues AM, Cruz Choappa R, Fernandes GF, De Hoog GS, Camargo ZP, 2016. Sporothrix chilensis sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Ophiostomatales), a soil-borne agent of human sporotrichosis with mild-pathogenic potential to mammals. Fungal Biol 120: 246–264.
-
27.
Vismer HF, Hull PR, 1997. Prevalence, epidemiology and geographical distribution of Sporothrix schenckii infections in Gauteng, South Africa. Mycopathologia 137: 137–143.
-
28.
de Oliveira MM, de Almeida-Paes R, de Medeiros Muniz M, de Lima Barros MB, Galhardo MC, Zancope-Oliveira RM, 2010. Sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix globosa in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil: case report. Mycopathologia 169: 359–363.
-
29.
Song Y, Li SS, Zhong SX, Liu YY, Yao L, Huo SS, 2013. Report of 457 sporotrichosis cases from Jilin province, northeast China, a serious endemic region. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 27: 313–318.
-
30.
Castro RA, Kubitschek-Barreira PH, Teixeira PAC, Sanches GF, Teixeira MM, Quintella LP, Almeida SR, Costa RO, Camargo ZP, Felipe MSS, de Souza W, Lopes-Bezerra LM, 2013. Differences in cell morphometry, cell wall topography and Gp70 expression correlate with the virulence of Sporothrix brasiliensis clinical isolates. PLoS One 8: e75656.
-
31.
de Macedo PM, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Orofino-Costa R, 2015. New posology of potassium iodide for the treatment of cutaneous sporotrichosis: study of efficacy and safety in 102 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 29: 719–724.
-
32.
Orofino-Costa R, de Macedo PM, Bernardes-Engemann AR, 2015. Hyperendemia of sporotrichosis in the Brazilian southeast: learning from clinics and therapeutics. Curr Fungal Infect Rep 9: 220–228.
-
33.
Ottonelli Stopiglia CD, Magagnin CM, Castrillon MR, Mendes SD, Heidrich D, Valente P, Scroferneker ML, 2014. Antifungal susceptibilities and identification of species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex isolated in Brazil. Med Mycol 52: 56–64.
-
34.
Silveira CP, Torres-Rodríguez JM, Alvarado-Ramírez E, Murciano-Gonzalo F, Dolande M, Panizo M, Reviakina V, 2009. MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole and terbinafine in Sporothrix schenckii. J Med Microbiol 58: 1607–1610.
-
35.
de Macedo PM, Sztajnbok DC, Camargo ZP, Rodrigues AM, Lopes-Bezerra LM, Bernardes-Engemann AR, Orofino-Costa R, 2015. Dacryocystitis due to Sporothrix brasiliensis: a case report of a successful clinical and serological outcome with low-dose potassium iodide treatment and oculoplastic surgery. Br J Dermatol 172: 1116–1119.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 558 | 423 | 196 |
| Full Text Views | 422 | 18 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 177 | 16 | 0 |