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Profile of Cytokines and Chemokines Triggered by Wild-Type Strains of Rabies Virus in Mice
Rabies is a lethal infectious disease that causes 55,000 human deaths per year and is transmitted by various mammalian species, such as dogs and bats. The host immune response is essential for avoiding viral progression and promoting viral clearance. Cytokines and chemokines are crucial in the development of an immediate antiviral response; the rabies virus (RABV) attempts to evade this immune response. The virus's capacity for evasion is correlated with its pathogenicity and the host's inflammatory response, with highly pathogenic strains being the most efficient at hijacking the host's defense mechanisms and thereby decreasing inflammation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of a set of cytokine and chemokine genes that are related to the immune response in the brains of mice inoculated intramuscularly or intracerebrally with two wild-type strains of RABV, one from dog and the other from vampire bat. The results demonstrated that the gene expression profile is intrinsic to the specific rabies variant. The prompt production of cytokines and chemokines seems to be more important than their levels of expression for surviving a rabies infection.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq-Process 482726/2012-1) and Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp-Process 08/11446-1).
Authors' addresses: Camila Michele Appolinário, Susan Dora Allendorf, Marina Gea Peres, Bruna Devidé Ribeiro, Clóvis R. Fonseca, Acácia Ferreira Vicente, João Marcelo A. de Paula Antunes, and Jane Megid, Departamento de Higiene Veterinaria e Saude Publica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnica, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”–UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, E-mails: camilaapp.vet@gmail.com, susanallendorf@yahoo.com.br, marinageavet@yahoo.com.br, brunadevide@yahoo.com.br, crsfonseca2@yahoo.com.br, acaciavicente@hotmail.com, joaomarceloantunes@live.com, and jane@fmvz.unesp.br.