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Human Trypanosomiasis in the Eastern Plains of Colombia: New Transmission Scenario
Characteristics of Trypanosoma cruzi infection were studied in a rural area of the eastern plains of Colombia. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent-antibody tests, the infection was determined in 11.6% of the inhabitants of 142 dwellings. During 6 months of community surveillance, in 42.3% dwellings, 609 triatomines were collected (597 Rhodnius prolixus and seven, three, one, and one of Panstrongylus geniculatus, Psammolestes arturi, Eratyrus mucronatus, and Triatoma maculata, respectively). Rhodnius prolixus was found in 80% peridomiciliary Attalea butyracea palms examined with baited traps, and its infection with T. cruzi was 30% and 38.5% in dwellings and palms, respectively. Trypanosoma cruzi was isolated in five of 35 triatomines and in one of 24 dogs. The blood of domestic and wild animals was identified in triatomines collected in the intradomicile and in palms. These results support the extension of the wild cycle of T. cruzi to human dwellings and the characterization of a new scenario for transmission in Colombia.
Author Notes
Financial support: This article was developed by the research group of the Center for Research in Tropical Diseases (Centro de Investigaciones en Enfermedades Tropicales, CINTROP, in Spanish) of the Industrial University of Santander (Universidad Industrial de Santander, in Spanish), in collaboration with the community of the study region and funded by the National Administrative Department of Science and Technology of Colombia (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Colombia, COLCIENCIAS, in Spanish) (RC: 288-2007), the Industrial University of Santander, the University of the American Tropics (Universitaria del Trópico Americano, UNITROPICO, in Spanish), and the program of Vector-Transmitted Diseases of the Health Secretary of the department of Casanare. Support for publication was received from the Financing Contract, RC-380 2011, entered into between COLCIENCIAS and the Temporary Union National Research Program for the prevention, control, and comprehensive treatment of Chagas disease in Colombia (Unión Temporal Programa Nacional de Investigación para la Prevención, Control y Tratamiento Integral de la Enfermedad de Chagas en Colombia, in Spanish).
Authors' addresses: Victor Manuel Angulo-Silva, Yeny Zulay Castellanos-Domínguez, Mónica Flórez-Martínez, Lyda Esteban-Adarme, William Pérez-Mancipe, Ana Elvira Farfán-García, and Katherine Paola Luna-Marín, Center for Research in Tropical Diseases, Industrial University of Santander, Piedecuesta, Santander, Colombia, E-mails: pitorio@hotmail.com, yenyzu1@hotmail.com, mflorezm@gmail.com, lestebanar@hotmail.com, williamperezuis@yahoo.com, anaelvira05@gmail.com, and plunamar23@gmail.com.