ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
O'Ryan M, Prado V, Pickering LK, 2005. A millennium update on pediatric diarrheal illness in the developing world. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 16: 125–136.
-
2.
Hunter PR, 2003. Drinking water and diarrhoeal disease due to Escherichia coli. J Water Health 1: 65–72.
-
3.
Ochoa TJ, Ecker L, Barletta F, Mispireta ML, Gil AI, Contreras C, Molina M, Amemiya I, Verastegui H, Hall ER, Cleary TG, Lanata CF, 2009. Age-related susceptibility to infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among infants from Periurban areas in Lima, Peru. Nephrol Dial Transplant 49: 1694–1702.
-
4.
Curtis V, Cairncross S, Yonli R, 2000. Domestic hygiene and diarrhoea - pinpointing the problem. Trop Med Int Health 5: 22–32.
-
5.
Dalton CB, Mintz ED, Wells JG, Bopp CA, Tauxe RV, 1999. Outbreaks of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in American adults: a clinical and epidemiologic profile. Epidemiol Infect 123: 9–16.
-
6.
Qadri F, Svennerholm AM, Faruque AS, Sack RB, 2005. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in developing countries: epidemiology, microbiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev 18: 465–483.
-
7.
Jain S, Chen L, Dechet A, Hertz AT, Brus DL, Hanley K, Wilson B, Frank J, Greene KD, Parsons M, Bopp CA, Todd R, Hoekstra M, Mintz ED, Ram PK, 2008. An outbreak of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with sushi restaurants in Nevada, 2004. Nephrol Dial Transplant 47: 1–7.
-
8.
MacDonald KL, Eidson M, Strohmeyer C, Levy ME, Wells JG, Puhr ND, Wachsmuth K, Hargrett NT, Cohen ML, 1985. A multistate outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in imported semisoft cheese. J Infect Dis 151: 716–720.
-
9.
Gupta SK, Keck J, Ram PK, Crump JA, Miller MA, Mintz ED, 2008. Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005. Epidemiol Infect 136: 721–738.
-
10.
Levine MM, Rennels MB, Cisneros L, Hughes TP, Nalin DR, Young CR, 1980. Lack of person-to-person transmission of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli despite close contact. Am J Epidemiol 111: 347–355.
-
11.
Harris JR, Mariano J, Wells JG, Payne BJ, Donnell HD, Cohen ML, 1985. Person-to-person transmission in an outbreak of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Am J Epidemiol 122: 245–252.
-
12.
Gordillo ME, Reeve GR, Pappas J, Mathewson JJ, DuPont HL, Murray BE, 1992. Molecular characterization of strains of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O143, including isolates from a large outbreak in Houston, Texas. J Clin Microbiol 30: 889–893.
-
13.
Snyder JD, Wells JG, Yashuk J, Puhr N, Blake PA, 1984. Outbreak of invasive Escherichia coli gastroenteritis on a cruise ship. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 281–284.
-
14.
Tulloch EF Jr, Ryan KJ, Formal SB, Franklin FA, 1973. Invasive enteropathic Escherichia coli dysentery. An outbreak in 28 adults. Ann Intern Med 79: 13–17.
-
15.
Marier R, Wells JG, Swanson RC, Callahan W, Mehlman IJ, 1973. An outbreak of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli foodborne disease traced to imported French cheese. Lancet 302: 1376–1378.
-
16.
Sur D, Ramamurthy T, Deen J, Bhattacharya SK, 2004. Shigellosis: challenges and management issues. Indian J Med Res 120: 454–462.
-
17.
Eisenberg JN, Cevallos W, Ponce K, Levy K, Bates SJ, Scott JC, Hubbard A, Vieira N, Endara P, Espinel M, Trueba G, Riley LW, Trostle J, 2006. Environmental change and infectious disease: how new roads affect the transmission of diarrheal pathogens in rural Ecuador. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 19460–19465.
-
18.
Shaheen HI, Khalil SB, Rao MR, Abu Elyazeed R, Wierzba TF, Peruski LF Jr, Putnam S, Navarro A, Morsy BZ, Cravioto A, Clemens JD, Svennerholm AM, Savarino SJ, 2004. Phenotypic profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with early childhood diarrhea in rural Egypt. J Clin Microbiol 42: 5588–5595.
-
19.
Gomez-Duarte OG, Arzuza O, Urbina D, Bai J, Guerra J, Montes O, Puello M, Mendoza K, Castro GY, 2010. Detection of Escherichia coli enteropathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction from children's diarrheal stools in two Caribbean-Colombian cities. Foodborne Pathog Dis 7: 199–206.
-
20.
Banga Singh KK, Ojha SC, Deris ZZ, Rahman RA, 2011. A 9-year study of shigellosis in northeast Malaysia: antimicrobial susceptibility and shifting species dominance. Z Gesundh Wiss 19: 231–236.
-
21.
Qadri F, Das SK, Faruque AS, Fuchs GJ, Albert MJ, Sack RB, Svennerholm AM, 2000. Prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated during a 2-year period from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 38: 27–31.
-
22.
Lee WS, Puthucheary SD, 2002. Bacterial enteropathogens isolated in childhood diarrhoea in Kuala Lumpur–the changing trend. Med J Malaysia 57: 24–30.
-
23.
Vinh H, Nhu NT, Nga TV, Duy PT, Campbell JI, Hoang NV, Boni MF, My PV, Parry C, Nga TT, Van Minh P, Thuy CT, Diep TS, Phuong le T, Chinh MT, Loan HT, Tham NT, Lanh MN, Mong BL, Anh VT, Bay PV, Chau NV, Farrar J, Baker S, 2009. A changing picture of shigellosis in southern Vietnam: shifting species dominance, antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical presentation. BMC Infect Dis 9: 204.
-
24.
Paniagua GL, Monroy E, Garcia-Gonzalez O, Alonso J, Negrete E, Vaca S, 2007. Two or more enteropathogens are associated with diarrhoea in Mexican children. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 6: 17.
-
25.
Vilchez S, Reyes D, Paniagua M, Bucardo F, Mollby R, Weintraub A, 2009. Prevalence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in children from Leon, Nicaragua. J Med Microbiol 58: 630–637.
-
26.
Albert MJ, Faruque AS, Faruque SM, Sack RB, Mahalanabis D, 1999. Case-control study of enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 37: 3458–3464.
-
27.
Srinivasan U, Zhang L, France AM, Ghosh D, Shalaby W, Xie J, Marrs CF, Foxman B, 2007. Probe hybridization array typing: a binary typing method for Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 45: 206–214.
-
28.
Vieira N, Bates SJ, Solberg OD, Ponce K, Howsmon R, Cevallos W, Trueba G, Riley L, Eisenberg JN, 2007. High prevalence of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli isolated in a remote region of northern coastal Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 528–533.
-
29.
Croxen MA, Law RJ, Scholz R, Keeney KM, Wlodarska M, Finlay BB, 2013. Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 26: 822–880.
-
30.
Tornieporth NG, John J, Salgado K, de Jesus P, Latham E, Melo MC, Gunzburg ST, Riley LW, 1995. Differentiation of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in Brazilian children by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1371–1374.
-
31.
McNamara SE, Srinivasan U, Zhang L, Whittam TS, Marrs CF, Foxman B, 2009. Comparison of probe hybridization array typing to multilocus sequence typing for pathogenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 47: 596–602.
-
32.
Zhang L, Srinivasan U, Marrs CF, Ghosh D, Gilsdorf JR, Foxman B, 2004. Library on a slide for bacterial comparative genomics. BMC Microbiol 4: 12.
-
33.
Horvitz DG, Thompson DJ, 1952. A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe. J Am Stat Assoc 47: 663–685.
-
34.
Bhavnani D, Goldstick JE, Cevallos W, Trueba G, Eisenberg JN, 2012. Synergistic effects between rotavirus and coinfecting pathogens on diarrheal disease: evidence from a community-based study in northwestern Ecuador. Am J Epidemiol 176: 387–395.
-
35.
Klovdahl AS, Graviss EA, Yaganehdoost A, Ross MW, Wanger A, Adams GJ, Musser JM, 2001. Networks and tuberculosis: an undetected community outbreak involving public places. Soc Sci Med 52: 681–694.
-
36.
Wallace D, 1994. The resurgence of tuberculosis in New York City: a mixed hierarchically and spatially diffused epidemic. Am J Public Health 84: 1000–1002.
-
37.
Broutin H, Elguero E, Simondon F, Guegan JF, 2004. Spatial dynamics of pertussis in a small region of Senegal. Proc Biol Sci 271: 2091–2098.
-
38.
Chevallier E, Grand A, Azais JM, 2004. Spatial and temporal distribution of cholera in Ecuador between 1991 and 1996. Eur J Public Health 14: 274–279.
-
39.
Bharti N, Djibo A, Ferrari MJ, Grais RF, Tatem AJ, McCabe CA, Bjornstad ON, Grenfell BT, 2010. Measles hotspots and epidemiological connectivity. Epidemiol Infect 138: 1308–1316.
-
40.
Bharti N, Broutin H, Grais RF, Ferrari MJ, Djibo A, Tatem AJ, Grenfell BT, 2011. Spatial dynamics of meningococcal meningitis in Niger: observed patterns in comparison with measles. Epidemiol Infect 140: 1–10.
-
41.
Jia Z, Wang L, Chen RY, Li D, Qin Q, Ding Z, Ding G, Zang C, Wang N, 2011. Tracking the evolution of HIV/AIDS in China from 1989–2009 to inform future prevention and contro efforts. PLoS One 6: e25671.
-
42.
Nepal B, 2007. Population mobility and spread of HIV across the Indo-Nepal border. J Health Popul Nutr 25: 267–277.
-
43.
Ferguson AG, Morris CN, 2007. Mapping transactional sex on the Northern Corridor highway in Kenya. Health Place 13: 504–519.
-
44.
Pandey A, Benara SK, Roy N, Sahu D, Thomas M, Joshi DK, Sengupta U, Paranjape RS, Bhalla A, Prakash A, 2008. Risk behaviour, sexually transmitted infections and HIV among long-distance truck drivers: a cross-sectional survey along national highways in India. AIDS 22 (Suppl 5): S81–S90.
-
45.
Cook RL, Royce RA, Thomas JC, Hanusa BH, 1999. What's driving an epidemic? The spread of syphilis along an interstate highway in rural North Carolina. Am J Public Health 89: 369–373.
-
46.
Estrada-Garcia T, Lopez-Saucedo C, Thompson-Bonilla R, Abonce M, Lopez-Hernandez D, Santos JI, Rosado JL, DuPont HL, Long KZ, 2009. Association of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes with infection and diarrhea among Mexican children and association of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli with acute diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 47: 93–98.
-
47.
Regua-Mangia AH, Gomes TA, Vieira MA, Andrade JR, Irino K, Teixeira LM, 2004. Frequency and characteristics of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Infect 48: 161–167.
-
48.
Ohno A, Marui A, Castro ES, Reyes AA, Elio-Calvo D, Kasitani H, Ishii Y, Yamaguchi K, 1997. Enteropathogenic bacteria in the La Paz River of Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57: 438–444.
-
49.
Begum YA, Talukder KA, Nair GB, Qadri F, Sack RB, Svennerholm AM, 2005. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from surface water in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 43: 3582–3583.
-
50.
Frank JF, Marth EH, Olson NF, 1977. Survival of enteropathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli during the manufacture of Camembert cheese. J Food Prot 40: 835–842.
-
51.
Kornacki JL, Marth EH, 1982. Fate of nonpathogenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli during the manufacture of colby-like cheese. J Food Prot 45: 310–316.
-
52.
Orlandi PP, Silva T, Magalhaes GF, Alves F, de Almeida Cunha RP, Durlacher R, da Silva LH, 2001. Enteropathogens associated with diarrheal disease in infants of poor urban areas of Porto Velho, Rondonia: a preliminary study. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 96: 621–625.
-
53.
Markovitz AR, Goldstick JE, Levy K, Cevallos W, Mukherjee B, Trostle JA, Eisenberg JN, 2012. Where science meets policy: comparing longitudinal and cross-sectional designs to address diarrhoeal disease burden in the developing world. Int J Epidemiol 41: 504–513.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 345 | 254 | 36 |
| Full Text Views | 359 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 138 | 6 | 0 |
Distribution of Enteroinvasive and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Across Space and Time in Northwestern Ecuador
Darlene Bhavnani
Darlene Bhavnani
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by Darlene Bhavnani in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Darlene Bhavnani in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Rosa de los Ángeles Bayas
Rosa de los Ángeles Bayas
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by Rosa de los Ángeles Bayas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Rosa de los Ángeles Bayas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Velma K. Lopez
Velma K. Lopez
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by Velma K. Lopez in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Velma K. Lopez in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Lixin Zhang
Lixin Zhang
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by Lixin Zhang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Lixin Zhang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Gabriel Trueba
Gabriel Trueba
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by Gabriel Trueba in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gabriel Trueba in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Betsy Foxman
Betsy Foxman
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by Betsy Foxman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Betsy Foxman in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Carl Marrs
Carl Marrs
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by Carl Marrs in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Carl Marrs in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
William Cevallos
William Cevallos
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by William Cevallos in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by William Cevallos in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador; Centro de Biomedicina, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
Search for other papers by Joseph N. S. Eisenberg in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Joseph N. S. Eisenberg in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Although Escherichia coli infections are common throughout the developing world, their prevalence patterns in space and over time are not well characterized. We used serial case control data collected from 16 communities in northwestern Ecuador between 2004 and 2010, to examine the prevalence of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). At its peak, the regional prevalence of EIEC was 8.3 infections/100 persons but this decreased to 1 infection/1,000 persons. The regional prevalence of ETEC ranged from 8 infections/1,000 persons to 3.7 infections/100 persons. The prevalence pattern of EIEC resembled that of a large epidemic whereas the prevalence of ETEC was more stable over time. Here, we provide community-based evidence for temporal shifts in the dominant E. coli pathotype from EIEC to ETEC over a multi-year time period. Furthermore, genotype analysis suggests that a given strain of EIEC and ETEC can persist in this region for long periods, up to 24 and 55 months, respectively.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [R01-AI050038] and the University of Michigan Interdisciplinary Training Program in Infectious Diseases, funded by National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [T32AI 049816].
Authors' addresses: Darlene Bhavnani, Clinton Health Access Initiative, Panama City, Panama, E-mail: dbhavnani@clintonhealthaccess.org. Rosa de los Ángeles Bayas and Gabriel Trueba, Microbiology Institute, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Av. Interoceanica y Pampite S/N. Circulo de Cumbaya, Ecuador, E-mails: rose_skywalker@hotmail.com and gtrueba@usfqedu.ec. Velma K. Lopez, Betsy Foxman, Carl Marrs, and Joseph N. S. Eisenberg, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, E-mails: lopezvel@umich.edu, bfoxman@umich.edu, cfmarrs@umich.edu, and jnse@umich.edu. Lixin Zhang, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, E-mail: lzhang@umich.edu. William Cevallos, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Sodiro N14-121 e Iquique, Quito, Ecuador, E-mail: wcevallos@uce.edu.ec.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
O'Ryan M, Prado V, Pickering LK, 2005. A millennium update on pediatric diarrheal illness in the developing world. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 16: 125–136.
-
2.
Hunter PR, 2003. Drinking water and diarrhoeal disease due to Escherichia coli. J Water Health 1: 65–72.
-
3.
Ochoa TJ, Ecker L, Barletta F, Mispireta ML, Gil AI, Contreras C, Molina M, Amemiya I, Verastegui H, Hall ER, Cleary TG, Lanata CF, 2009. Age-related susceptibility to infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among infants from Periurban areas in Lima, Peru. Nephrol Dial Transplant 49: 1694–1702.
-
4.
Curtis V, Cairncross S, Yonli R, 2000. Domestic hygiene and diarrhoea - pinpointing the problem. Trop Med Int Health 5: 22–32.
-
5.
Dalton CB, Mintz ED, Wells JG, Bopp CA, Tauxe RV, 1999. Outbreaks of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection in American adults: a clinical and epidemiologic profile. Epidemiol Infect 123: 9–16.
-
6.
Qadri F, Svennerholm AM, Faruque AS, Sack RB, 2005. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in developing countries: epidemiology, microbiology, clinical features, treatment, and prevention. Clin Microbiol Rev 18: 465–483.
-
7.
Jain S, Chen L, Dechet A, Hertz AT, Brus DL, Hanley K, Wilson B, Frank J, Greene KD, Parsons M, Bopp CA, Todd R, Hoekstra M, Mintz ED, Ram PK, 2008. An outbreak of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with sushi restaurants in Nevada, 2004. Nephrol Dial Transplant 47: 1–7.
-
8.
MacDonald KL, Eidson M, Strohmeyer C, Levy ME, Wells JG, Puhr ND, Wachsmuth K, Hargrett NT, Cohen ML, 1985. A multistate outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in imported semisoft cheese. J Infect Dis 151: 716–720.
-
9.
Gupta SK, Keck J, Ram PK, Crump JA, Miller MA, Mintz ED, 2008. Part III. Analysis of data gaps pertaining to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in low and medium human development index countries, 1984–2005. Epidemiol Infect 136: 721–738.
-
10.
Levine MM, Rennels MB, Cisneros L, Hughes TP, Nalin DR, Young CR, 1980. Lack of person-to-person transmission of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli despite close contact. Am J Epidemiol 111: 347–355.
-
11.
Harris JR, Mariano J, Wells JG, Payne BJ, Donnell HD, Cohen ML, 1985. Person-to-person transmission in an outbreak of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Am J Epidemiol 122: 245–252.
-
12.
Gordillo ME, Reeve GR, Pappas J, Mathewson JJ, DuPont HL, Murray BE, 1992. Molecular characterization of strains of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli O143, including isolates from a large outbreak in Houston, Texas. J Clin Microbiol 30: 889–893.
-
13.
Snyder JD, Wells JG, Yashuk J, Puhr N, Blake PA, 1984. Outbreak of invasive Escherichia coli gastroenteritis on a cruise ship. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 281–284.
-
14.
Tulloch EF Jr, Ryan KJ, Formal SB, Franklin FA, 1973. Invasive enteropathic Escherichia coli dysentery. An outbreak in 28 adults. Ann Intern Med 79: 13–17.
-
15.
Marier R, Wells JG, Swanson RC, Callahan W, Mehlman IJ, 1973. An outbreak of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli foodborne disease traced to imported French cheese. Lancet 302: 1376–1378.
-
16.
Sur D, Ramamurthy T, Deen J, Bhattacharya SK, 2004. Shigellosis: challenges and management issues. Indian J Med Res 120: 454–462.
-
17.
Eisenberg JN, Cevallos W, Ponce K, Levy K, Bates SJ, Scott JC, Hubbard A, Vieira N, Endara P, Espinel M, Trueba G, Riley LW, Trostle J, 2006. Environmental change and infectious disease: how new roads affect the transmission of diarrheal pathogens in rural Ecuador. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 19460–19465.
-
18.
Shaheen HI, Khalil SB, Rao MR, Abu Elyazeed R, Wierzba TF, Peruski LF Jr, Putnam S, Navarro A, Morsy BZ, Cravioto A, Clemens JD, Svennerholm AM, Savarino SJ, 2004. Phenotypic profiles of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli associated with early childhood diarrhea in rural Egypt. J Clin Microbiol 42: 5588–5595.
-
19.
Gomez-Duarte OG, Arzuza O, Urbina D, Bai J, Guerra J, Montes O, Puello M, Mendoza K, Castro GY, 2010. Detection of Escherichia coli enteropathogens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction from children's diarrheal stools in two Caribbean-Colombian cities. Foodborne Pathog Dis 7: 199–206.
-
20.
Banga Singh KK, Ojha SC, Deris ZZ, Rahman RA, 2011. A 9-year study of shigellosis in northeast Malaysia: antimicrobial susceptibility and shifting species dominance. Z Gesundh Wiss 19: 231–236.
-
21.
Qadri F, Das SK, Faruque AS, Fuchs GJ, Albert MJ, Sack RB, Svennerholm AM, 2000. Prevalence of toxin types and colonization factors in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated during a 2-year period from diarrheal patients in Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 38: 27–31.
-
22.
Lee WS, Puthucheary SD, 2002. Bacterial enteropathogens isolated in childhood diarrhoea in Kuala Lumpur–the changing trend. Med J Malaysia 57: 24–30.
-
23.
Vinh H, Nhu NT, Nga TV, Duy PT, Campbell JI, Hoang NV, Boni MF, My PV, Parry C, Nga TT, Van Minh P, Thuy CT, Diep TS, Phuong le T, Chinh MT, Loan HT, Tham NT, Lanh MN, Mong BL, Anh VT, Bay PV, Chau NV, Farrar J, Baker S, 2009. A changing picture of shigellosis in southern Vietnam: shifting species dominance, antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical presentation. BMC Infect Dis 9: 204.
-
24.
Paniagua GL, Monroy E, Garcia-Gonzalez O, Alonso J, Negrete E, Vaca S, 2007. Two or more enteropathogens are associated with diarrhoea in Mexican children. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 6: 17.
-
25.
Vilchez S, Reyes D, Paniagua M, Bucardo F, Mollby R, Weintraub A, 2009. Prevalence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in children from Leon, Nicaragua. J Med Microbiol 58: 630–637.
-
26.
Albert MJ, Faruque AS, Faruque SM, Sack RB, Mahalanabis D, 1999. Case-control study of enteropathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 37: 3458–3464.
-
27.
Srinivasan U, Zhang L, France AM, Ghosh D, Shalaby W, Xie J, Marrs CF, Foxman B, 2007. Probe hybridization array typing: a binary typing method for Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 45: 206–214.
-
28.
Vieira N, Bates SJ, Solberg OD, Ponce K, Howsmon R, Cevallos W, Trueba G, Riley L, Eisenberg JN, 2007. High prevalence of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli isolated in a remote region of northern coastal Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 528–533.
-
29.
Croxen MA, Law RJ, Scholz R, Keeney KM, Wlodarska M, Finlay BB, 2013. Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 26: 822–880.
-
30.
Tornieporth NG, John J, Salgado K, de Jesus P, Latham E, Melo MC, Gunzburg ST, Riley LW, 1995. Differentiation of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in Brazilian children by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 33: 1371–1374.
-
31.
McNamara SE, Srinivasan U, Zhang L, Whittam TS, Marrs CF, Foxman B, 2009. Comparison of probe hybridization array typing to multilocus sequence typing for pathogenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 47: 596–602.
-
32.
Zhang L, Srinivasan U, Marrs CF, Ghosh D, Gilsdorf JR, Foxman B, 2004. Library on a slide for bacterial comparative genomics. BMC Microbiol 4: 12.
-
33.
Horvitz DG, Thompson DJ, 1952. A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe. J Am Stat Assoc 47: 663–685.
-
34.
Bhavnani D, Goldstick JE, Cevallos W, Trueba G, Eisenberg JN, 2012. Synergistic effects between rotavirus and coinfecting pathogens on diarrheal disease: evidence from a community-based study in northwestern Ecuador. Am J Epidemiol 176: 387–395.
-
35.
Klovdahl AS, Graviss EA, Yaganehdoost A, Ross MW, Wanger A, Adams GJ, Musser JM, 2001. Networks and tuberculosis: an undetected community outbreak involving public places. Soc Sci Med 52: 681–694.
-
36.
Wallace D, 1994. The resurgence of tuberculosis in New York City: a mixed hierarchically and spatially diffused epidemic. Am J Public Health 84: 1000–1002.
-
37.
Broutin H, Elguero E, Simondon F, Guegan JF, 2004. Spatial dynamics of pertussis in a small region of Senegal. Proc Biol Sci 271: 2091–2098.
-
38.
Chevallier E, Grand A, Azais JM, 2004. Spatial and temporal distribution of cholera in Ecuador between 1991 and 1996. Eur J Public Health 14: 274–279.
-
39.
Bharti N, Djibo A, Ferrari MJ, Grais RF, Tatem AJ, McCabe CA, Bjornstad ON, Grenfell BT, 2010. Measles hotspots and epidemiological connectivity. Epidemiol Infect 138: 1308–1316.
-
40.
Bharti N, Broutin H, Grais RF, Ferrari MJ, Djibo A, Tatem AJ, Grenfell BT, 2011. Spatial dynamics of meningococcal meningitis in Niger: observed patterns in comparison with measles. Epidemiol Infect 140: 1–10.
-
41.
Jia Z, Wang L, Chen RY, Li D, Qin Q, Ding Z, Ding G, Zang C, Wang N, 2011. Tracking the evolution of HIV/AIDS in China from 1989–2009 to inform future prevention and contro efforts. PLoS One 6: e25671.
-
42.
Nepal B, 2007. Population mobility and spread of HIV across the Indo-Nepal border. J Health Popul Nutr 25: 267–277.
-
43.
Ferguson AG, Morris CN, 2007. Mapping transactional sex on the Northern Corridor highway in Kenya. Health Place 13: 504–519.
-
44.
Pandey A, Benara SK, Roy N, Sahu D, Thomas M, Joshi DK, Sengupta U, Paranjape RS, Bhalla A, Prakash A, 2008. Risk behaviour, sexually transmitted infections and HIV among long-distance truck drivers: a cross-sectional survey along national highways in India. AIDS 22 (Suppl 5): S81–S90.
-
45.
Cook RL, Royce RA, Thomas JC, Hanusa BH, 1999. What's driving an epidemic? The spread of syphilis along an interstate highway in rural North Carolina. Am J Public Health 89: 369–373.
-
46.
Estrada-Garcia T, Lopez-Saucedo C, Thompson-Bonilla R, Abonce M, Lopez-Hernandez D, Santos JI, Rosado JL, DuPont HL, Long KZ, 2009. Association of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes with infection and diarrhea among Mexican children and association of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli with acute diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 47: 93–98.
-
47.
Regua-Mangia AH, Gomes TA, Vieira MA, Andrade JR, Irino K, Teixeira LM, 2004. Frequency and characteristics of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with and without diarrhoea in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Infect 48: 161–167.
-
48.
Ohno A, Marui A, Castro ES, Reyes AA, Elio-Calvo D, Kasitani H, Ishii Y, Yamaguchi K, 1997. Enteropathogenic bacteria in the La Paz River of Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57: 438–444.
-
49.
Begum YA, Talukder KA, Nair GB, Qadri F, Sack RB, Svennerholm AM, 2005. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from surface water in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. J Clin Microbiol 43: 3582–3583.
-
50.
Frank JF, Marth EH, Olson NF, 1977. Survival of enteropathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli during the manufacture of Camembert cheese. J Food Prot 40: 835–842.
-
51.
Kornacki JL, Marth EH, 1982. Fate of nonpathogenic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli during the manufacture of colby-like cheese. J Food Prot 45: 310–316.
-
52.
Orlandi PP, Silva T, Magalhaes GF, Alves F, de Almeida Cunha RP, Durlacher R, da Silva LH, 2001. Enteropathogens associated with diarrheal disease in infants of poor urban areas of Porto Velho, Rondonia: a preliminary study. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 96: 621–625.
-
53.
Markovitz AR, Goldstick JE, Levy K, Cevallos W, Mukherjee B, Trostle JA, Eisenberg JN, 2012. Where science meets policy: comparing longitudinal and cross-sectional designs to address diarrhoeal disease burden in the developing world. Int J Epidemiol 41: 504–513.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 345 | 254 | 36 |
| Full Text Views | 359 | 7 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 138 | 6 | 0 |