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Monoclonal Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Borrelia crocidurae
Relapsing fever borreliae, produced by ectoparasite-borne Borrelia species, cause mild to deadly bacteremia and miscarriage. In the perspective of developing inexpensive assays for the rapid detection of relapsing fever borreliae, we produced 12 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against Borrelia crocidurae and characterized the two exhibiting the highest titers. P3A10 MAb reacts with the 35.6-kDa flagellin B (flaB) of B. crocidurae while P6D9 MAb recognizes a 35.1-kDa variable-like protein (Vlp) in B. crocidurae and a 35.2-kDa Vlp in Borrelia duttonii. Indirect immunofluorescence assay incorporating relapsing fever and Lyme group borreliae and 11 blood-borne organisms responsible for fever in West Africa confirmed the reactivity of these two MAbs. Combining these two MAbs in indirect immunofluorescence assays detected relapsing fever borreliae including B. crocidurae in ticks and the blood of febrile Senegalese patients. Both antibodies could be incorporated into inexpensive and stable formats suited for the rapid point-of-care diagnosis of relapsing fever. These first-ever MAbs directed against African relapsing fever borreliae are available for the scientific community to promote research in this neglected field.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Aurélien Fotso Fotso, Claude Nappez, Saïd Azza, and Didier Raoult, URMITE, UMR 6236, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IFR 48, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Univesité, Marseille, France, E-mails: aurelien74000618@yahoo.fr, claude.nappez@univ-amu.fr, said.azza@univ-amu.fr, and didier.raoult@gmail.com. Oleg Mediannikov, URMITE, UMR 6236, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IFR 48, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and IRD, URMITE UMR198, Campus Communs IRD/UCAD Hann Maristes, Dakar, Senegal, E-mail: olegusss1@gmail.com. Michel Drancourt, Méditerrannée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France, and Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicale Émergentes, Marseille, France, E-mail: michel.drancourt@univ-amu.fr.