Jeong YJ, Kim S, Wook YD, Lee JW, Kim KI, Lee SH, 2007. Scrub typhus: clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings. Radiographics 27: 161–172.
Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, Richards AL, 2009. Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Infect Dis 48 (Suppl 3): 203–230.
Lee HI, Shim SK, Song BG, Choi EN, Hwang KJ, Park MY, Park C, Shin EH, 2011. Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, in a novel mite species, Eushoengastia koreaensis, in Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 209–214.
Mahajan SK, Rolain JM, Kashyap R, Bakshi D, Sharma V, Prasher BS, Pal LS, Raoult D, 2006. Scrub typhus in Himalayas. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1590–1592.
Kuo CC, Huang JL, Ko CY, Lee PF, Wang HS, 2011. Spatial analysis of scrub typhus infection and its association with environmental and socioeconomic factors in Taiwan. Acta Trop 120: 52–58.
Cao M, Guo H, Tang T, Wang C, Li X, Pan W, Tang J, 2006. Spring scrub typhus, People's Republic of China. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1463–1465.
Ree HI, Lee IY, Cho MK, 1991. Determination of the vector species of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 29: 87–92.
Kweon SS, Choi JS, Lim HS, Kim JR, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Lee SD, Im HK, Kwon JW, 2009. A community-based case-control study of behavioral factors associated with scrub typhus during the autumn epidemic season in South Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 442–446.
Roh JY, Song BG, Park WI, Shin EH, Park C, Park MY, Chang KS, Lee WG, Lee HI, Shin EH, 2014. Coincidence between geographical distribution of Leptotrombidium scutellare and scrub typhus in South Korea. PLoS One 9: e113193.
Kweon SS, Choi JS, Lim HS, Kim JP, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Yoo HS, Park O, 2009. Rapid increase of scrub typhus, South Korea, 2001–2006. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 1127–1129.
Li T, Yang Z, Dong Z, Wang M, 2014. Meteorological factors and risk of scrub typhus in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006–2012. BMC Infect Dis 14: 139.
Lee IY, Kim HC, Lee YS, Seo JH, Lim JW, Yong TS, Klein TA, Lee WJ, 2009. Geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 47: 381–386.
Takahashi M, Morita K, Tsuji O, Misumi H, Otsuji J, Hori E, Kawanura A Jr, Tanaka H, 1995. Seasonal development of Leptotrombidium akamushi (Acari: Trombiculidae) under field temperatures. J Med Entomol 32: 843–846.
Van Peenen PF, Lien JC, Santana FJ, See R, 1976. Correlation of chigger abundance with temperature at a hyperendemic focus of scrub typhus. J Parasitol 62: 653–654.
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In South Korea, scrub typhus is one of the most common rickettsial diseases. The number of scrub typhus patients has increased in South Korea, a total of 69,210 cases were reported from 2001 to 2013. The seasonality and relation of scrub typhus cases to latitude were analyzed in this article using data obtained from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System website of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The incidence of scrub typhus tended to increase in the later months of the year, especially in October–December. In general, lower latitudes were associated with a later peak incidence. Our results suggest for the first time that the monthly observed incidence tended to increase in the later months of the year as the latitude decreased, and on a yearly basis in Korea.
Financial support: This study was supported by research funds from Chosun University in 2015.
Authors' addresses: Ye Sul Jeung, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea, E-mail: roseyesul@naver.com. Choon-Mee Kim, Premedical Science, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea, E-mail: choonmee@chosun.ac.kr. Na Ra Yun and Dong-Min Kim, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, E-mails: shine@chosun.ac.kr and drongkim@chosun.ac.kr. Seok-Won Kim, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea, E-mail: chosunns@chosun.ac.kr. Mi Ah Han, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea, E-mail: mahan@chosun.ac.kr.
Reprint requests: Dong-Min Kim, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, 588 Seosuk-dong, Dong-gu, Gwangju, 501-717, South Korea, E-mail: drongkim@chosun.ac.kr, Tel: +82-62-220-3108, Fax: +82-62-234-9653.
Jeong YJ, Kim S, Wook YD, Lee JW, Kim KI, Lee SH, 2007. Scrub typhus: clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings. Radiographics 27: 161–172.
Kelly DJ, Fuerst PA, Ching WM, Richards AL, 2009. Scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of Orientia tsutsugamushi. Clin Infect Dis 48 (Suppl 3): 203–230.
Lee HI, Shim SK, Song BG, Choi EN, Hwang KJ, Park MY, Park C, Shin EH, 2011. Detection of Orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, in a novel mite species, Eushoengastia koreaensis, in Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 11: 209–214.
Mahajan SK, Rolain JM, Kashyap R, Bakshi D, Sharma V, Prasher BS, Pal LS, Raoult D, 2006. Scrub typhus in Himalayas. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1590–1592.
Kuo CC, Huang JL, Ko CY, Lee PF, Wang HS, 2011. Spatial analysis of scrub typhus infection and its association with environmental and socioeconomic factors in Taiwan. Acta Trop 120: 52–58.
Cao M, Guo H, Tang T, Wang C, Li X, Pan W, Tang J, 2006. Spring scrub typhus, People's Republic of China. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 1463–1465.
Ree HI, Lee IY, Cho MK, 1991. Determination of the vector species of tsutsugamushi disease in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 29: 87–92.
Kweon SS, Choi JS, Lim HS, Kim JR, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Lee SD, Im HK, Kwon JW, 2009. A community-based case-control study of behavioral factors associated with scrub typhus during the autumn epidemic season in South Korea. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 442–446.
Roh JY, Song BG, Park WI, Shin EH, Park C, Park MY, Chang KS, Lee WG, Lee HI, Shin EH, 2014. Coincidence between geographical distribution of Leptotrombidium scutellare and scrub typhus in South Korea. PLoS One 9: e113193.
Kweon SS, Choi JS, Lim HS, Kim JP, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Yoo HS, Park O, 2009. Rapid increase of scrub typhus, South Korea, 2001–2006. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 1127–1129.
Li T, Yang Z, Dong Z, Wang M, 2014. Meteorological factors and risk of scrub typhus in Guangzhou, southern China, 2006–2012. BMC Infect Dis 14: 139.
Lee IY, Kim HC, Lee YS, Seo JH, Lim JW, Yong TS, Klein TA, Lee WJ, 2009. Geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea. Korean J Parasitol 47: 381–386.
Takahashi M, Morita K, Tsuji O, Misumi H, Otsuji J, Hori E, Kawanura A Jr, Tanaka H, 1995. Seasonal development of Leptotrombidium akamushi (Acari: Trombiculidae) under field temperatures. J Med Entomol 32: 843–846.
Van Peenen PF, Lien JC, Santana FJ, See R, 1976. Correlation of chigger abundance with temperature at a hyperendemic focus of scrub typhus. J Parasitol 62: 653–654.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1162 | 960 | 28 |
Full Text Views | 415 | 13 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 123 | 13 | 0 |