ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Weaver SC, Lecuit M, 2015. Chikungunya virus and the global spread of a mosquito-borne disease. N Engl J Med 372: 1231–1239.
-
2.
Sam IC, Loong SK, Michael JC, Chua CL, Wan Sulaiman WY, Vythilingam I, Chan SY, Chiam CW, Yeong YS, AbuBakar S, Chan YF, 2012. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of chikungunya virus of different genotypes from Malaysia. PLoS One 7: e50476.
-
3.
Rohani A, Aidil Azahary AR, Malinda M, Zurainee MN, Rozilawati H, Wan Najdah WM, Lee HL, 2014. Eco-virological survey of Aedes mosquito larvae in selected dengue outbreak areas in Malaysia. J Vector Borne Dis 51: 327–332.
-
4.
Martins VE, Alencar CH, Kamimura MT, de Carvalho Araujo FM, De Simone SG, Dutra RF, Guedes MI, 2012. Occurrence of natural vertical transmission of dengue-2 and dengue-3 in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. PLoS One 7: e41386.
-
5.
Buckner EA, Alto BW, Lounibos LP, 2013. Vertical transmission of Key West dengue-1 virus by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from Florida. J Med Entomol 50: 1291–1297.
-
6.
Mishra AC, Mourya DT, 2001. Transovarial transmission of West Nile virus in Culex vishnui mosquito. Indian J Med Res 114: 212–214.
-
7.
Nelms BM, Fechter-Leggett E, Carroll BD, Macedo P, Kluh S, Reisen WK, 2013. Experimental and natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus by California Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 50: 371–378.
-
8.
Bellini R, Medici A, Calzolari M, Bonilauri P, Cavrini F, Sambri V, Angelini P, Dottori M, 2012. Impact of chikungunya virus on Aedes albopictus females and possibility of vertical transmission using the actors of the 2007 outbreak in Italy. PLoS One 7: e28360.
-
9.
Ratsitorahina M, Harisoa J, Ratovonjato J, Biacabe S, Reynes JM, Zeller H, Raoelina Y, Talarmin A, Richard V, Soares JL, 2008. Outbreak of dengue and chikungunya fevers, Toamasina, Madagascar, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1135–1137.
-
10.
Tsetsarkin KA, Chen R, Yun R, Rossi SL, Plante KS, Guerbois M, Forrester N, Perng GC, Sreekumar E, Leal G, Huang J, Mukhopadhyay S, Weaver SC, 2014. Multi-peaked adaptive landscape for chikungunya virus evolution predicts continued fitness optimization in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Nat Commun 5: 4084.
-
11.
Pohjala L, Utt A, Varjak M, Lulla A, Merits A, Ahola T, Tammela P, 2011. Inhibitors of alphavirus entry and replication identified with a stable chikungunya replicon cell line and virus-based assays. PLoS One 6: e28923.
-
12.
Her Z, Malleret B, Chan M, Ong EK, Wong SC, Kwek DJ, Tolou H, Lin RT, Tambyah PA, Rénia L, Ng LF, 2010. Active infection of human blood monocytes by chikungunya virus triggers an innate immune response. J Immunol 184: 5903–5913.
-
13.
Tsetsarkin K, Higgs S, Mcgee CE, De Lamballerie X, Charrel RN, Vanlandingham DL, 2006. Infectious clones of chikungunya virus (La Reunion isolate) for vector competence studies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6: 325–337.
-
14.
Agarwal A, Dash PK, Singh AK, Sharma S, Gopalan N, Rao PV, Parida MM, Reiter P, 2014. Evidence of experimental vertical transmission of emerging novel ECSA genotype of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2990.
-
15.
Hasebe F, Parquet MC, Pandey BD, Mathenge EG, Morita K, Balasubramaniam V, Saat Z, Yusop A, Sinniah M, Natkunam S, Igarashi A, 2002. Combined detection and genotyping of chikungunya virus by a specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 67: 370–374.
-
16.
Chiam CW, Chan YF, Loong SK, Yong SS, Hooi PS, Sam IC, 2013. Real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and quantitation of negative strand of chikungunya virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 77: 133–137.
-
17.
Mourya DT, 1987. Absence of transovarial transmission of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 85: 593–595.
-
18.
Thavara U, Tawatsin A, Pangsakul T, Bhakdeenuan P, Chanama S, Anantapreecha S, Molito C, Chompoosri J, Thammapalo S, Sawanpanyalert P, Siriyasatien P, 2009. Outbreak of chikungunya fever in Thailand and virus detection in field population of vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 40: 951–962.
-
19.
Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, Santos ID, DeMoor P, 1981. Laboratory vector studies on six mosquito and one tick species with chikungunya virus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 75: 15–19.
-
20.
Niyas KP, Abraham R, Unnikrishnan RN, Mathew T, Nair S, Manakkadan A, Issac A, Sreekumar E, 2010. Molecular characterization of chikungunya virus isolates from clinical samples and adult Aedes albopictus mosquitoes emerged from larvae from Kerala, south India. Virol J 7: 189.
-
21.
Delatte H, Paupy C, Dehecq JS, Thiria J, Failloux AB, Fontenille D, 2008. Aedes albopictus, vector of chikungunya and dengue viruses in Reunion Island: biology and control. Parasite 15: 3–13.
-
22.
Vazeille M, Mousson L, Failloux AB, 2009. Failure to demonstrate experimental vertical transmission of the epidemic strain of chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus from La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 632–635.
-
23.
Fulhorst CF, Hardy JL, Eldridge BF, Presser SB, Reeves WC, 1994. Natural vertical transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in mosquitoes. Science 263: 676–678.
-
24.
Lutomiah J, Ongus J, Linthicum KJ, Sang R, 2014. Natural vertical transmission of Ndumu virus in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes collected as larvae. J Med Entomol 51: 1091–1095.
-
25.
Brown C, Moore AT, Young GR, Padhi A, Komar N, 2009. Isolation of buggy creek virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) from field-collected eggs of Oeciacus vicarius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). J Med Entomol 46: 375–379.
-
26.
Mavale M, Sudeep A, Gokhale M, Hundekar S, Parashar D, Ghodke Y, Arankalle V, Mishra AC, 2012. Persistence of viral RNA in chikungunya virus-infected Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes after prolonged storage at 28°C. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 178–180.
-
27.
Wheeler SS, Langevin SA, Brault AC, Woods L, Carroll BD, Reisen WK, 2012. Detection of persistent West Nile virus RNA in experimentally and naturally infected avian hosts. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 559–564.
-
28.
White DM, Wilson WC, Blair CD, Beaty BJ, 2005. Studies on overwintering of bluetongue viruses in insects. J Gen Virol 86: 453–462.
-
29.
Levine B, Griffin DE, 1992. Persistence of viral RNA in mouse brains after recovery from acute alphavirus encephalitis. J Virol 66: 6429–6435.
-
30.
Sokoloski KJ, Haist KC, Morrison TE, Mukhopadhyay S, Hardy RW, 2015. Noncapped alphavirus genomic RNAs and their role during infection. J Virol 89: 6080–6092.
-
31.
Hoarau JJ, Jaffar Bandjee MC, Krejbich Trotot P, Das T, Li-Pat-Yuen G, Dassa B, Denizot M, Guichard E, Ribera A, Henni T, Tallet F, Moiton MP, Gauzère BA, Bruniquet S, Jaffar Bandjee Z, Morbidelli P, Martigny G, Jolivet M, Gay F, Grandadam M, Tolou H, Vieillard V, Debré P, Autran B, Gasque P, 2010. Persistent chronic inflammation and infection by chikungunya arthritogenic alphavirus in spite of a robust host immune response. J Immunol 184: 5914–5927.
-
32.
Poo YS, Rudd PA, Gardner J, Wilson JA, Larcher T, Colle MA, Le TT, Nakaya HI, Warrilow D, Allcock R, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Schroder WA, Khromykh AA, Lopez JA, Suhrbier A, 2014. Multiple immune factors are involved in controlling acute and chronic chikungunya virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3354.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1895 | 1635 | 51 |
| Full Text Views | 340 | 11 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 121 | 15 | 1 |
Detection of Persistent Chikungunya Virus RNA but not Infectious Virus in Experimental Vertical Transmission in Aedes aegypti from Malaysia
Hui Vern Wong
Hui Vern Wong
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Indra Vythilingam
Indra Vythilingam
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Wan Yusof Wan Sulaiman
Wan Yusof Wan Sulaiman
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Aleksei Lulla
Aleksei Lulla
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Andres Merits
Andres Merits
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Yoke Fun Chan
Yoke Fun Chan
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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I-Ching Sam
I-Ching Sam
Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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Vertical transmission may contribute to the maintenance of arthropod-borne viruses, but its existence in chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is unclear. Experimental vertical transmission of infectious clones of CHIKV in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Malaysia was investigated. Eggs and adult progeny from the second gonotrophic cycles of infected parental mosquitoes were tested. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 56.3% of pooled eggs and 10% of adult progeny had detectable CHIKV RNA, but no samples had detectable infectious virus by plaque assay. Transfected CHIKV RNA from PCR-positive eggs did not yield infectious virus in BHK-21 cells. Thus, vertical transmission of viable CHIKV was not demonstrated. Noninfectious CHIKV RNA persists in eggs and progeny of infected Ae. aegypti, but the mechanism and significance are unknown. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that vertical transmission exists in CHIKV, as positive results reported in previous studies were almost exclusively based only on viral RNA detection.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was funded by the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (Integrated Chikungunya Research, grant agreement no. 261202), the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS grant FP036-2013A), and University of Malaya (PPP grant PG085-2014B and HIR grant E000013-20001).
Authors' addresses: Hui Vern Wong, Yoke Fun Chan, and I-Ching Sam, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, E-mails: whvern@gmail.com, chanyf@ummc.edu.my, and jicsam@ummc.edu.my. Indra Vythilingam and Wan Yusof Wan Sulaiman, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, E-mails: indrav@um.edu.my and wanyus@um.edu.my. Aleksei Lulla and Andres Merits, Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia, E-mails: aleksei.lulla@ut.ee and andres.merits@ut.ee.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Weaver SC, Lecuit M, 2015. Chikungunya virus and the global spread of a mosquito-borne disease. N Engl J Med 372: 1231–1239.
-
2.
Sam IC, Loong SK, Michael JC, Chua CL, Wan Sulaiman WY, Vythilingam I, Chan SY, Chiam CW, Yeong YS, AbuBakar S, Chan YF, 2012. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of chikungunya virus of different genotypes from Malaysia. PLoS One 7: e50476.
-
3.
Rohani A, Aidil Azahary AR, Malinda M, Zurainee MN, Rozilawati H, Wan Najdah WM, Lee HL, 2014. Eco-virological survey of Aedes mosquito larvae in selected dengue outbreak areas in Malaysia. J Vector Borne Dis 51: 327–332.
-
4.
Martins VE, Alencar CH, Kamimura MT, de Carvalho Araujo FM, De Simone SG, Dutra RF, Guedes MI, 2012. Occurrence of natural vertical transmission of dengue-2 and dengue-3 in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. PLoS One 7: e41386.
-
5.
Buckner EA, Alto BW, Lounibos LP, 2013. Vertical transmission of Key West dengue-1 virus by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes from Florida. J Med Entomol 50: 1291–1297.
-
6.
Mishra AC, Mourya DT, 2001. Transovarial transmission of West Nile virus in Culex vishnui mosquito. Indian J Med Res 114: 212–214.
-
7.
Nelms BM, Fechter-Leggett E, Carroll BD, Macedo P, Kluh S, Reisen WK, 2013. Experimental and natural vertical transmission of West Nile virus by California Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes. J Med Entomol 50: 371–378.
-
8.
Bellini R, Medici A, Calzolari M, Bonilauri P, Cavrini F, Sambri V, Angelini P, Dottori M, 2012. Impact of chikungunya virus on Aedes albopictus females and possibility of vertical transmission using the actors of the 2007 outbreak in Italy. PLoS One 7: e28360.
-
9.
Ratsitorahina M, Harisoa J, Ratovonjato J, Biacabe S, Reynes JM, Zeller H, Raoelina Y, Talarmin A, Richard V, Soares JL, 2008. Outbreak of dengue and chikungunya fevers, Toamasina, Madagascar, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1135–1137.
-
10.
Tsetsarkin KA, Chen R, Yun R, Rossi SL, Plante KS, Guerbois M, Forrester N, Perng GC, Sreekumar E, Leal G, Huang J, Mukhopadhyay S, Weaver SC, 2014. Multi-peaked adaptive landscape for chikungunya virus evolution predicts continued fitness optimization in Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Nat Commun 5: 4084.
-
11.
Pohjala L, Utt A, Varjak M, Lulla A, Merits A, Ahola T, Tammela P, 2011. Inhibitors of alphavirus entry and replication identified with a stable chikungunya replicon cell line and virus-based assays. PLoS One 6: e28923.
-
12.
Her Z, Malleret B, Chan M, Ong EK, Wong SC, Kwek DJ, Tolou H, Lin RT, Tambyah PA, Rénia L, Ng LF, 2010. Active infection of human blood monocytes by chikungunya virus triggers an innate immune response. J Immunol 184: 5903–5913.
-
13.
Tsetsarkin K, Higgs S, Mcgee CE, De Lamballerie X, Charrel RN, Vanlandingham DL, 2006. Infectious clones of chikungunya virus (La Reunion isolate) for vector competence studies. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 6: 325–337.
-
14.
Agarwal A, Dash PK, Singh AK, Sharma S, Gopalan N, Rao PV, Parida MM, Reiter P, 2014. Evidence of experimental vertical transmission of emerging novel ECSA genotype of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e2990.
-
15.
Hasebe F, Parquet MC, Pandey BD, Mathenge EG, Morita K, Balasubramaniam V, Saat Z, Yusop A, Sinniah M, Natkunam S, Igarashi A, 2002. Combined detection and genotyping of chikungunya virus by a specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. J Med Virol 67: 370–374.
-
16.
Chiam CW, Chan YF, Loong SK, Yong SS, Hooi PS, Sam IC, 2013. Real-time polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis and quantitation of negative strand of chikungunya virus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 77: 133–137.
-
17.
Mourya DT, 1987. Absence of transovarial transmission of chikungunya virus in Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 85: 593–595.
-
18.
Thavara U, Tawatsin A, Pangsakul T, Bhakdeenuan P, Chanama S, Anantapreecha S, Molito C, Chompoosri J, Thammapalo S, Sawanpanyalert P, Siriyasatien P, 2009. Outbreak of chikungunya fever in Thailand and virus detection in field population of vector mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae). Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 40: 951–962.
-
19.
Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, Santos ID, DeMoor P, 1981. Laboratory vector studies on six mosquito and one tick species with chikungunya virus. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 75: 15–19.
-
20.
Niyas KP, Abraham R, Unnikrishnan RN, Mathew T, Nair S, Manakkadan A, Issac A, Sreekumar E, 2010. Molecular characterization of chikungunya virus isolates from clinical samples and adult Aedes albopictus mosquitoes emerged from larvae from Kerala, south India. Virol J 7: 189.
-
21.
Delatte H, Paupy C, Dehecq JS, Thiria J, Failloux AB, Fontenille D, 2008. Aedes albopictus, vector of chikungunya and dengue viruses in Reunion Island: biology and control. Parasite 15: 3–13.
-
22.
Vazeille M, Mousson L, Failloux AB, 2009. Failure to demonstrate experimental vertical transmission of the epidemic strain of chikungunya virus in Aedes albopictus from La Réunion Island, Indian Ocean. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 104: 632–635.
-
23.
Fulhorst CF, Hardy JL, Eldridge BF, Presser SB, Reeves WC, 1994. Natural vertical transmission of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in mosquitoes. Science 263: 676–678.
-
24.
Lutomiah J, Ongus J, Linthicum KJ, Sang R, 2014. Natural vertical transmission of Ndumu virus in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes collected as larvae. J Med Entomol 51: 1091–1095.
-
25.
Brown C, Moore AT, Young GR, Padhi A, Komar N, 2009. Isolation of buggy creek virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus) from field-collected eggs of Oeciacus vicarius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). J Med Entomol 46: 375–379.
-
26.
Mavale M, Sudeep A, Gokhale M, Hundekar S, Parashar D, Ghodke Y, Arankalle V, Mishra AC, 2012. Persistence of viral RNA in chikungunya virus-infected Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes after prolonged storage at 28°C. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 178–180.
-
27.
Wheeler SS, Langevin SA, Brault AC, Woods L, Carroll BD, Reisen WK, 2012. Detection of persistent West Nile virus RNA in experimentally and naturally infected avian hosts. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 559–564.
-
28.
White DM, Wilson WC, Blair CD, Beaty BJ, 2005. Studies on overwintering of bluetongue viruses in insects. J Gen Virol 86: 453–462.
-
29.
Levine B, Griffin DE, 1992. Persistence of viral RNA in mouse brains after recovery from acute alphavirus encephalitis. J Virol 66: 6429–6435.
-
30.
Sokoloski KJ, Haist KC, Morrison TE, Mukhopadhyay S, Hardy RW, 2015. Noncapped alphavirus genomic RNAs and their role during infection. J Virol 89: 6080–6092.
-
31.
Hoarau JJ, Jaffar Bandjee MC, Krejbich Trotot P, Das T, Li-Pat-Yuen G, Dassa B, Denizot M, Guichard E, Ribera A, Henni T, Tallet F, Moiton MP, Gauzère BA, Bruniquet S, Jaffar Bandjee Z, Morbidelli P, Martigny G, Jolivet M, Gay F, Grandadam M, Tolou H, Vieillard V, Debré P, Autran B, Gasque P, 2010. Persistent chronic inflammation and infection by chikungunya arthritogenic alphavirus in spite of a robust host immune response. J Immunol 184: 5914–5927.
-
32.
Poo YS, Rudd PA, Gardner J, Wilson JA, Larcher T, Colle MA, Le TT, Nakaya HI, Warrilow D, Allcock R, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Schroder WA, Khromykh AA, Lopez JA, Suhrbier A, 2014. Multiple immune factors are involved in controlling acute and chronic chikungunya virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3354.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1895 | 1635 | 51 |
| Full Text Views | 340 | 11 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 121 | 15 | 1 |