Evans-Gilbert T, Lindo JF, Henry S, Brown P, Christie CD, 2013. Severe eosinophilic meningitis owing to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in young Jamaican children: case report and literature review. Paediatr Int Child Health 34: 148–152.
Kliks MM, Palumbo NE, 1992. Eosinophilic meningitis beyond the Pacific Basin: the global dispersal of a peridomestic zoonosis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the nematode lungworm of rats. Soc Sci Med 34: 199–212.
Simoes RO, Monteiro FA, Sanchez E, Thiengo SC, Garcia JS, Costa-Neto SF, Luque JL, Maldonado A, 2011. Endemic angiostrongyliasis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1331–1333.
Brown FM, Mohareb EW, Yousif F, Sultan Y, Girgis NI, 1996. Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis in Egypt. Lancet 348: 964–965.
Hochberg NS, Blackburn BG, Park SY, Sejvar JJ, Effler PV, Herwaldt BL, 2011. Eosinophilic meningitis attributable to Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Hawaii: clinical characteristics and potential exposures. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 685–690.
Tsai TH, Liu YC, Wann SR, Lin WR, Lee SJ, Lin HH, Chen YS, Yen MY, Yen CM, 2001. An outbreak of meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Kaohsiung. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 34: 50–56.
Wang Q-P, Wu Z-D, Wei J, Owen RL, Lun Z-R, 2012. Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis: an update. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31: 389–395.
Asato R, Taira K, Nakamura M, Kudaka J, Itokazu K, Kawanaka M, 2004. Changing epidemiology of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 57: 184–186.
Ash LR, 1968. The occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in frogs of New Caledonia with observations on paratenic hosts of metastrongyles. J Parasitol 54: 432–436.
Ash LR, 1976. Observations on the role of mollusks and planarians in the transmission of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection to man in New Caledonia. Rev Biol Trop 24: 163–174.
Lai CH, Yen CM, Chin C, Chung HC, Kuo HC, Lin HH, 2007. Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis after ingestion of raw frogs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 399–402.
Panackel C, Vishad, Cherian G, Vijayakumar K, Sharma RN, 2006. Eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Indian J Med Microbiol 24: 220–221.
Radomyos P, Tungtrongchitr A, Praewanich R, Khewwatchan P, Kantangkul T, Junlananto P, Ayudhya SIN, 1994. Occurrence of the infective stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the yellow tree monitor (Varanus bengalensis) in five provinces of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 25: 498–500.
Wallace GD, Rosen L, 1967. Studies on eosinophilic meningitis. IV. Experimental infection of fresh-water and marine fish with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Am J Epidemiol 85: 395–402.
Alto W, 2001. Human infections with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Pac Health Dialog 8: 176–182.
Wang Q-P, Lai D-H, Zhu X-Q, Chen X-G, Lun Z-R, 2008. Human angiostrongyliasis. Lancet Infect Dis 8: 621–630.
Kuberski T, Bart RD, Briley JM, Rosen L, 1979. Recovery of Angiostrongylus cantonensis from cerebrospinal fluid of a child with eosinophilic meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 9: 629–631.
Chen XG, Li H, Lun ZR, 2005. Angiostrongyliasis, Mainland China. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1645–1647.
Hochberg NS, Park SY, Blackburn BG, Sejvar JJ, Gaynor K, Chung H, Leniek K, Herwaldt BL, Effler PV, 2007. Distribution of eosinophilic meningitis cases attributable to Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Hawaii. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1675–1680.
Nuamtanong S, 1996. The evaluation of the 29 and 31 kDa antigens in female Angiostrongylus cantonensis for serodiagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 27: 291–296.
Eamsobhana P, Yoolek A, Suvouttho S, Suvouttho S, 2001. Purification of a specific immunodiagnostic Parastrongylus cantonensis antigen by electroelution from SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32: 308–313.
Eamsobhana P, Wanachiwanawin D, Dechkum N, Parsartvit A, Yong HS, 2013. Molecular diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) by polymerase chain reaction-DNA sequencing of cerebrospinal fluids of patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 108: 116–118.
Qvarnstrom Y, da Silva ACA, Teem JL, Hollingsworth R, Bishop H, Graeff-Teixeira C, da Silva AJ, 2010. Improved molecular detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mollusks and other environmental samples with a species-specific internal transcribed spacer 1-based TaqMan assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 76: 5287–5289.
Qvarnstrom Y, Sullivan JJ, Bishop HS, Hollingsworth R, da Silva AJ, 2007. PCR-based detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in tissue and mucus secretions from molluscan hosts. Appl Environ Microbiol 73: 1415–1419.
Slom TJ, Cortese MM, Gerber SI, Jones RC, Holtz TH, Lopez AS, Zambrano CH, Sufit RL, Sakolvaree Y, Chaicumpa W, Herwaldt BL, Johnson S, 2002. An outbreak of eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in travelers returning from the Caribbean. N Engl J Med 346: 668–675.
Lima AR, Mesquita SD, Santos SS, Aquino ER, Rosa L da R, Duarte FS, Teixeira AO, Costa ZR, Ferreira ML, 2009. Alicata disease: neuroinfestation by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 67: 1093–1096.
Howe K, 2013. A severe case of rat lungworm disease in Hawa'i. Hawaii J Med Public Health 72: 46–48.
Kwon E, Ferguson TM, Park SY, Manuzak A, Qvarnstrom Y, Morgan S, Ciminera P, Murphy GS, 2013. A severe case of Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis with encephalitis and neurologic sequelae in Hawa'i. Hawaii J Med Public Health 72: 41–45.
Thyssen A, Mitchell M, Qvarnstrom Y, Rao S, Benke TA, Glode MP, 2013. Eosinophilic meningitis in a previously healthy 13-year-old child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 32: 194.
Jarvi SI, Farias ME, Howe K, Jacquier S, Hollingsworth R, Pitt W, 2012. Quantitative PCR estimates Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) infection levels in semi-slugs (Parmarion martensi). Mol Biochem Parasitol 185: 174–176.
Qvarnstrom Y, Bishop HS, da Silva AJ, 2013. Detection of rat lungworm in intermediate, definitive, and paratenic hosts obtained from environmental sources. Hawaii J Med Public Health 72: 63–69.
Tsai HC, Liu YC, Kunin CM, Lee SS, Chen YS, Lin HH, Tsai TH, Lin WR, Huang CK, Yen MY, Yen CM, 2001. Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis: report of 17 cases. Am J Med 111: 109–114.
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Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the most common infectious cause of eosinophilic meningitis. Timely diagnosis of these infections is difficult, partly because reliable laboratory diagnostic methods are unavailable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of A. cantonensis DNA in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. A total of 49 CSF specimens from 33 patients with eosinophilic meningitis were included: A. cantonensis DNA was detected in 32 CSF specimens, from 22 patients. Four patients had intermittently positive and negative real-time PCR results on subsequent samples, indicating that the level of A. cantonensis DNA present in CSF may fluctuate during the course of the illness. Immunodiagnosis and/or supplemental PCR testing supported the real-time PCR findings for 30 patients. On the basis of these observations, this real-time PCR assay can be useful to detect A. cantonensis in the CSF from patients with eosinophilic meningitis.
Financial support: This study was funded by the U.S. National Food Safety Initiative and a CDC Epidemiology and Laboratory Capacity Cooperative Agreement.
Authors' addresses: Yvonne Qvarnstrom and LeAnne M. Fox, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: bvp2@cdc.gov and llf4@cdc.gov. Maniphet Xayavong, Life Source Biomedical LLC, Herndon, VA, E-mail: max1@cdc.gov. Ana Cristina Aramburu da Silva and Carlos Graeff-Teixeira, Laboratório de Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Biomédicas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil, and Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Faculdade de Biociências da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil, E-mails: anacristina@pucrs.br and graeff.teixeira@gmail.com. Sarah Y. Park, Hawaii Department of Health, Honolulu, HI, E-mail: sarah.park@doh.hawaii.gov. A. Christian Whelen, Precilia S. Calimlim, and Rebecca H. Sciulli, Hawaii Department of Health, Pearl City, HI, E-mails: chris.whelen@doh.hawaii.gov, precilia.calimlim@doh.hawaii.gov, and rebecca.sciulli@doh.hawaii.gov. Stacey A. A. Honda, Hawaii Permanente Medical Group, Honolulu, HI, E-mail: stacey.honda@kp.org. Karen Higa, Kaiser Permanente Regional Laboratory, Honolulu, HI, E-mail: karen.higa@kp.org. Paul Kitsutani, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, E-mail: paul.kitsutani@nih.gov. Nora Chea, Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: xdc7@cdc.gov. Seng Heng, Communicable Disease Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, E-mail: senghengmoh@gmail.com. Stuart Johnson, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, and Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Chicago, IL, E-mail: stuart.johnson2@va.gov. Alexandre J. da Silva, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, E-mail: alexandre.dasilva@fda.hhs.gov.
Evans-Gilbert T, Lindo JF, Henry S, Brown P, Christie CD, 2013. Severe eosinophilic meningitis owing to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in young Jamaican children: case report and literature review. Paediatr Int Child Health 34: 148–152.
Kliks MM, Palumbo NE, 1992. Eosinophilic meningitis beyond the Pacific Basin: the global dispersal of a peridomestic zoonosis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the nematode lungworm of rats. Soc Sci Med 34: 199–212.
Simoes RO, Monteiro FA, Sanchez E, Thiengo SC, Garcia JS, Costa-Neto SF, Luque JL, Maldonado A, 2011. Endemic angiostrongyliasis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1331–1333.
Brown FM, Mohareb EW, Yousif F, Sultan Y, Girgis NI, 1996. Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis in Egypt. Lancet 348: 964–965.
Hochberg NS, Blackburn BG, Park SY, Sejvar JJ, Effler PV, Herwaldt BL, 2011. Eosinophilic meningitis attributable to Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in Hawaii: clinical characteristics and potential exposures. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 685–690.
Tsai TH, Liu YC, Wann SR, Lin WR, Lee SJ, Lin HH, Chen YS, Yen MY, Yen CM, 2001. An outbreak of meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Kaohsiung. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 34: 50–56.
Wang Q-P, Wu Z-D, Wei J, Owen RL, Lun Z-R, 2012. Human Angiostrongylus cantonensis: an update. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31: 389–395.
Asato R, Taira K, Nakamura M, Kudaka J, Itokazu K, Kawanaka M, 2004. Changing epidemiology of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 57: 184–186.
Ash LR, 1968. The occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in frogs of New Caledonia with observations on paratenic hosts of metastrongyles. J Parasitol 54: 432–436.
Ash LR, 1976. Observations on the role of mollusks and planarians in the transmission of Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection to man in New Caledonia. Rev Biol Trop 24: 163–174.
Lai CH, Yen CM, Chin C, Chung HC, Kuo HC, Lin HH, 2007. Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis after ingestion of raw frogs. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 399–402.
Panackel C, Vishad, Cherian G, Vijayakumar K, Sharma RN, 2006. Eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Indian J Med Microbiol 24: 220–221.
Radomyos P, Tungtrongchitr A, Praewanich R, Khewwatchan P, Kantangkul T, Junlananto P, Ayudhya SIN, 1994. Occurrence of the infective stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in the yellow tree monitor (Varanus bengalensis) in five provinces of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 25: 498–500.
Wallace GD, Rosen L, 1967. Studies on eosinophilic meningitis. IV. Experimental infection of fresh-water and marine fish with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Am J Epidemiol 85: 395–402.
Alto W, 2001. Human infections with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Pac Health Dialog 8: 176–182.
Wang Q-P, Lai D-H, Zhu X-Q, Chen X-G, Lun Z-R, 2008. Human angiostrongyliasis. Lancet Infect Dis 8: 621–630.
Kuberski T, Bart RD, Briley JM, Rosen L, 1979. Recovery of Angiostrongylus cantonensis from cerebrospinal fluid of a child with eosinophilic meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 9: 629–631.
Chen XG, Li H, Lun ZR, 2005. Angiostrongyliasis, Mainland China. Emerg Infect Dis 11: 1645–1647.
Hochberg NS, Park SY, Blackburn BG, Sejvar JJ, Gaynor K, Chung H, Leniek K, Herwaldt BL, Effler PV, 2007. Distribution of eosinophilic meningitis cases attributable to Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Hawaii. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1675–1680.
Nuamtanong S, 1996. The evaluation of the 29 and 31 kDa antigens in female Angiostrongylus cantonensis for serodiagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 27: 291–296.
Eamsobhana P, Yoolek A, Suvouttho S, Suvouttho S, 2001. Purification of a specific immunodiagnostic Parastrongylus cantonensis antigen by electroelution from SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 32: 308–313.
Eamsobhana P, Wanachiwanawin D, Dechkum N, Parsartvit A, Yong HS, 2013. Molecular diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) by polymerase chain reaction-DNA sequencing of cerebrospinal fluids of patients. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 108: 116–118.
Qvarnstrom Y, da Silva ACA, Teem JL, Hollingsworth R, Bishop H, Graeff-Teixeira C, da Silva AJ, 2010. Improved molecular detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mollusks and other environmental samples with a species-specific internal transcribed spacer 1-based TaqMan assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 76: 5287–5289.
Qvarnstrom Y, Sullivan JJ, Bishop HS, Hollingsworth R, da Silva AJ, 2007. PCR-based detection of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in tissue and mucus secretions from molluscan hosts. Appl Environ Microbiol 73: 1415–1419.
Slom TJ, Cortese MM, Gerber SI, Jones RC, Holtz TH, Lopez AS, Zambrano CH, Sufit RL, Sakolvaree Y, Chaicumpa W, Herwaldt BL, Johnson S, 2002. An outbreak of eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in travelers returning from the Caribbean. N Engl J Med 346: 668–675.
Lima AR, Mesquita SD, Santos SS, Aquino ER, Rosa L da R, Duarte FS, Teixeira AO, Costa ZR, Ferreira ML, 2009. Alicata disease: neuroinfestation by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 67: 1093–1096.
Howe K, 2013. A severe case of rat lungworm disease in Hawa'i. Hawaii J Med Public Health 72: 46–48.
Kwon E, Ferguson TM, Park SY, Manuzak A, Qvarnstrom Y, Morgan S, Ciminera P, Murphy GS, 2013. A severe case of Angiostrongylus eosinophilic meningitis with encephalitis and neurologic sequelae in Hawa'i. Hawaii J Med Public Health 72: 41–45.
Thyssen A, Mitchell M, Qvarnstrom Y, Rao S, Benke TA, Glode MP, 2013. Eosinophilic meningitis in a previously healthy 13-year-old child. Pediatr Infect Dis J 32: 194.
Jarvi SI, Farias ME, Howe K, Jacquier S, Hollingsworth R, Pitt W, 2012. Quantitative PCR estimates Angiostrongylus cantonensis (rat lungworm) infection levels in semi-slugs (Parmarion martensi). Mol Biochem Parasitol 185: 174–176.
Qvarnstrom Y, Bishop HS, da Silva AJ, 2013. Detection of rat lungworm in intermediate, definitive, and paratenic hosts obtained from environmental sources. Hawaii J Med Public Health 72: 63–69.
Tsai HC, Liu YC, Kunin CM, Lee SS, Chen YS, Lin HH, Tsai TH, Lin WR, Huang CK, Yen MY, Yen CM, 2001. Eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis: report of 17 cases. Am J Med 111: 109–114.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 3075 | 2721 | 412 |
Full Text Views | 859 | 27 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 372 | 34 | 0 |