Analysis of the Bacterial Diversity in Liver Abscess: Differences Between Pyogenic and Amebic Abscesses

Miriam E. Reyna-Fabián Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Valeria Zermeño Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Cecilia Ximénez Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Janin Flores Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Miguel F. Romero Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Daniel Diaz Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Jesús Argueta Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Patricia Moran Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Alicia Valadez Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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René Cerritos Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México; Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México

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Several recent studies have demonstrated that virulence in Entamoeba histolytica is triggered in the presence of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria species using in vitro and in vivo experimental animal models. In this study, we examined samples aspirated from abscess material obtained from patients who were clinically diagnosed with amebic liver abscess (ALA) or pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). To determine the diversity of bacterial species in the abscesses, we performed partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In addition, the E. histolytica and Entamoeba dispar species were genotyped using tRNA-linked short tandem repeats as specific molecular markers. The association between clinical data and bacterial and parasite genotypes were examined through a correspondence analysis. The results showed the presence of numerous bacterial groups. These taxonomic groups constitute common members of the gut microbiota, although all of the detected bacterial species have a close phylogenetic relationship with bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, some patients clinically diagnosed with PLA and ALA were coinfected with E. dispar or E. histolytica, which suggests that the virulence of these parasites increased in the presence of bacteria. However, no specific bacterial groups were associated with this effect. Together, our results suggest a nonspecific mechanism of virulence modulation by bacteria in Entamoeba.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Cecilia Ximénez or René Cerritos, Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Dr. Balmis No. 148 Col. Doctores, Mexico City, DF, Mexico 06726. E-mails: cximenez@unam.mx or renecerritos@gmail.com

Financial support: This work was partially supported by the Grant IN218214 and IN226511 from the Support Program to Research and Technological Development Projects (PAPIIT) from the National University of Mexico and Grant number 210-COI-140990 from the National Council of Science and Technology in Mexico.

Authors' addresses: Miriam E. Reyna-Fabián, Valeria Zermeño, Cecilia Ximénez, Janin Flores, Jesús Argueta, Patricia Moran, Alicia Valadez, and René Cerritos, Departamento de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México, E-mails: erandif@yahoo.com, valeria.zermeno.leon@gmail.com, cximenez@unam.mx, arlequin_flora@hotmail.com, jadclear@yahoo.com, patricia_morans@yahoo.com.mx, avaladez17@yahoo.com.mx, and renecerritos@gmail.com. Miguel F. Romero and Daniel Diaz, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, México, E-mails: phyrexian.kavu@gmail.com and ddiaz@ciencias.unam.mx.

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