Wallin MT, Kurtzke JF, 2004. Neurocysticercosis in the United States: review of an important emerging infection. Neurology 63: 1559–1564.
O'Keefe KA, Eberhard ML, Shafir SC, Wilkins P, Ash LR, Sorvillo FJ, 2015. Cysticercosis-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1998–2011. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 354–359.
Del Brutto OH, 2012. Neurocysticercosis: a review. Sci World J 2012: 159821.
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159: 50–59.
Garcia HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH, 2014. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol 13: 1202–1215.
Wilson M, Bryan RT, Fried JA, Ware DA, Schantz PM, Pilcher JB, Tsang VC, 1991. Clinical evaluation of the cysticercosis enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot in patients with neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 164: 1007–1009.
Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Palacios LG, Jimenez I, Rodriguez S, Verastegui M, Wilkins P, Tsang VC, Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2001. Short report: transient antibody response in Taenia solium infection in field conditions-a major contributor to high seroprevalence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 31–32.
Garcia HH, Del Brutto OH, Nash TE, White AC Jr, Tsang VC, Gilman RH, 2005. New concepts in the diagnosis and management of neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium). Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 3–9.
Praet N, Rodriguez-Hidalgo R, Speybroeck N, Ahounou S, Benitez-Ortiz W, Berkvens D, Hul AV, Barrionuevo-Samaniego M, Saegerman C, Dorny P, 2010. Infection with versus exposure to Taenia solium: what do serological test results tell us? Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 413–415.
Garcia HH, Rodriguez S, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Tsang VC, 2012. Neurocysticercosis: is serology useful in the absence of brain imaging? Trop Med Int Health 17: 1014–1018.
Gavidia CM, Verastegui MR, Garcia HH, Lopez-Urbina T, Tsang VC, Pan W, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2013. Relationship between serum antibodies and Taenia solium larvae burden in pigs raised in field conditions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2192.
Sciutto E, Hernandez M, Garcia G, de Aluja AS, Villalobos AN, Rodarte LF, Parkhouse M, Harrison L, 1998. Diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis: a comparative study of serological tests for detection of circulating antibody and viable parasites. Vet Parasitol 78: 185–194.
Santamaria E, Plancarte A, de Aluja AS, 2002. The experimental infection of pigs with different numbers of Taenia solium eggs: immune response and efficiency of establishment. J Parasitol 88: 69–73.
Zamora HSR, Garcia HH, Rodriguez S, Allan JC, Vasquez Y, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Noh J, Patthabi S, Tsang VCW; The Cysticercosis Working Group in Perú, 2004. Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA Coproantigen detection for the diagnosis of intestinal Taenia solium taeniais. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (Suppl 4): 42.
Bobes RJ, Hernandez M, Marquez C, Fragoso G, García E, Parkhouse RM, Harrison LJ, Sciutto E, Fleury A, 2006. Subarachnoidal and intraventricular human neurocysticercosis: application of an antigen detection assay for the diagnosis and follow-up. Trop Med Int Health 11: 943–950.
Fleury A, Hernandez M, Fragoso G, Parkhouse RM, Harrison LJ, Sciutto E, 2003. Detection of secreted cysticercal antigen: a useful tool in the diagnosis of inflammatory neurocysticercosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97: 542–546.
Rodriguez S, Dorny P, Tsang VC, Pretell EJ, Brandt J, Lescano AG, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Garcia HH; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2009. Detection of Taenia solium antigens and anti-T. solium antibodies in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with intraparenchymal or extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 199: 1345–1352.
Correa D, Sandoval MA, Harrison LJ, Parkhouse RM, Plancarte A, Meza-Lucas A, Flisser A, 1989. Human neurocysticercosis: comparison of enzyme immunoassay capture techniques based on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the detection of parasite products in cerebrospinal fluid. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83: 814–816.
Harrison LJ, Joshua GW, Wright SH, Parkhouse RM, 1989. Specific detection of circulating surface/secreted glycoproteins of viable cysticerci in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Parasite Immunol 11: 351–370.
Brandt JR, Geerts S, De Deken R, Kumar V, Ceulemans F, Brijs L, Falla N, 1992. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 22: 471–477.
Van Kerckhoven I, Vansteenkiste W, Claes M, Geerts S, Brandt J, 1998. Improved detection of circulating antigen in cattle infected with Taenia saginata metacestodes. Vet Parasitol 76: 269–274.
Dorny P, Vercammen F, Brandt J, Vansteenkiste W, Berkvens D, Geerts S, 2000. Sero-epidemiological study of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Belgian cattle. Vet Parasitol 88: 43–49.
Dorny P, Phiri IK, Vercruysse J, Gabriel S, Willingham AL 3rd, Brandt J, Victor B, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, 2004. A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 34: 569–576.
Nguekam Zoli AP, Ongolo-Zogo P, Dorny P, Brandt J, Geerts S, 2003. Follow-up of neurocysticercosis patients after treatment using an antigen detection ELISA. Parasite 10: 65–68.
Nguekam A, Zoli AP, Vondou L, Pouedet SM, Assana E, Dorny P, Brandt J, Losson B, Geerts S, 2003. Kinetics of circulating antigens in pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium eggs. Vet Parasitol 111: 323–332.
Fleury A, Hernandez M, Avila M, Cárdenas G, Bobes RJ, Huerta M, Fragoso G, Uribe-Campero L, Harrison LJ, Parkhouse RM, Sciutto E, 2007. Detection of HP10 antigen in serum for diagnosis and follow-up of subarachnoidal and intraventricular human neurocysticercosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78: 970–974.
Castillo Y, Rodriguez S, Garcia HH, Brandt J, Van Hul A, Silva M, Rodriguez-Hidalgo R, Portocarrero M, Melendez DP, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Dorny P; Cysticercosis Working Group in Perú, 2009. Urine antigen detection for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 379–383.
Gonzalez AE, Bustos JA, Jimenez JA, Rodriguez ML, Ramirez MG, Gilman RH, Garcia HH; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2012. Efficacy of diverse antiparasitic treatments for cysticercosis in the pig model. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 292–296.
Gonzalez AE, Cama V, Gilman RH, Tsang VC, Pilcher JB, Chavera A, Castro M, Montenegro T, Verastegui M, Miranda E, Bazalar H, 1990. Prevalence and comparison of serologic assays, necropsy, and tongue examination for the diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 194–199.
Straw BJ, Meuten DJ, 1992. Physical examination. Straw BJ, Mengeling WL, D'Allaire S, Taylor DJ, eds. Diseases of Swine. 7th edition. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 793–807.
Flores Menendez JA, Agraz García AA, 1986. Ganado Porcino: Cria, Explotación, Enfermedades e Industrialización. 1a. ed. México: Ciencia y Técnica.
Deckers N, Kanobana K, Silva M, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Dorny P, 2008. Serological responses in porcine cysticercosis: a link with the parasitological outcome of infection. Int J Parasitol 38: 1191–1198.
Mkupasi EM, Ngowi HA, Sikasunge CS, Leifsson PS, Johansen MV, 2013. Efficacy of ivermectin and oxfendazole against Taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs. Acta Trop 128: 48–53.
Peniche-Cardena A, Dominguez-Alpizar JL, Sima-Alvarez R, Argaez-Rodriguez F, Fraser A, Craig PS, Rodriguez-Canul R, 2002. Chemotherapy of porcine cysticercosis with albendazole sulphoxide. Vet Parasitol 108: 63–73.
Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Lopez MT, Gavidia C, McDonald J, Pilcher JB, Tsang VC, 1995. Treatment of porcine cysticercosis with albendazole. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 571–574.
Jung H, Gonzalez D, 2002. Pharmacology of antycisticercal therapy. Singh G, Prabhakar S, eds. Taenia solium Cysticercosis. From Basic to Clinical Science Oxon, United Kingdom: CABI Publishing, 363–374.
Dayan AD, 2003. Albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel. Review of non-clinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Acta Trop 86: 141–159.
Dixon HB, Lipscomb FM, 1961. Cysticercosis: An Analysis and Follow-up of 450 Cases, Vol. 299. London, United Kingdom: Medical Research Council.
Sciutto E, Martinez JJ, Villalobos NM, Hernández M, José MV, Beltrán C, Rodarte F, Flores I, Bobadilla JR, Fragoso G, Parkhouse ME, Harrison LJ, de Aluja AS, 1998. Limitations of current diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs. Vet Parasitol 79: 299–313.
Bustos JA, Garcia HH, Dorregaray R, Naranjo M, Pretell EJ, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2005. Detection of muscle calcifications by thigh CT scan in neurocysticercosis patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 775–779.
Fleury A, Garcia E, Hernandez M, Carrillo R, Govezensky T, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Harrison LJ, Parkhouse RM, 2013. Neurocysticercosis: HP10 antigen detection is useful for the follow-up of the severe patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2096.
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Taenia solium cysticercosis is a common parasitic infection of humans and pigs. We evaluated the posttreatment evolution of circulating parasite-specific antigen titers in 693 consecutive blood samples from 50 naturally infected cysticercotic pigs, which received different regimes of antiparasitic drugs (N = 39, 7 groups), prednisone (N = 5), or controls (N = 6). Samples were collected from baseline to week 10 after treatment, when pigs were euthanized and carefully dissected at necropsy. Antigen levels decreased proportionally to the efficacy of treatment and correlated with the remaining viable cysts at necropsy (Pearson's p = 0.67, P = 0.000). A decrease of 5 times in antigen levels (logarithmic scale) compared with baseline was found in 20/26 pigs free of cysts at necropsy, compared with 1/24 of those who had persisting viable cysts (odds ratio [OR] = 76.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.1–3308.6, P < 0.001). Antigen monitoring reflects the course of infection in the pig. If a similar correlation exists in infected humans, this assay may provide a minimally invasive and easy monitoring assay to assess disease evolution and efficacy of antiparasitic treatment in human neurocysticercosis.
Financial support: Partial support from the Fogarty International Center/NIH (Training Grant no. TW001140), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant no. 23981), and NIH-1R01AI116456-01 is acknowledged. Hector H. Garcia is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship in Tropical Medicine and Public Health.
Authors' addresses: Armando E. Gonzalez, School of Veterinary Medicine, Lima, Peru, E-mail: agonza41@jhu.edu. Javier A. Bustos and Silvia Rodriguez, Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences and Center for Global Health-Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, and Instituto Peruano de Parasitología Clínica y Experimental, Lima, Peru, E-mails: javier.bustos@jhu.edu and silvia@peruresearch.org. Hector H. Garcia, Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences and Center for Global Health-Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú, and Cysticercosis Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurologicas, Lima, Perú, E-mail: hgarcia@jhsph.edu. Yesenia Castillo, Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences and Center for Global Health-Tumbes, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, E-mail: yesicabe9@yahoo.es. Sarah Gabriël and Pierre Dorny, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mails: sgabriel@itg.be and pdorny@itg.be. Robert H. Gilman, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: gilmanbob@gmail.com. Mirko Zimic, Unidad de Bioinformática, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú, E-mail: mirko.zimic@upch.pe. Nicolas Praet, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: npraet@itg.be.
Wallin MT, Kurtzke JF, 2004. Neurocysticercosis in the United States: review of an important emerging infection. Neurology 63: 1559–1564.
O'Keefe KA, Eberhard ML, Shafir SC, Wilkins P, Ash LR, Sorvillo FJ, 2015. Cysticercosis-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1998–2011. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 354–359.
Del Brutto OH, 2012. Neurocysticercosis: a review. Sci World J 2012: 159821.
Tsang VC, Brand JA, Boyer AE, 1989. An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay and glycoprotein antigens for diagnosing human cysticercosis (Taenia solium). J Infect Dis 159: 50–59.
Garcia HH, Nash TE, Del Brutto OH, 2014. Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis. Lancet Neurol 13: 1202–1215.
Wilson M, Bryan RT, Fried JA, Ware DA, Schantz PM, Pilcher JB, Tsang VC, 1991. Clinical evaluation of the cysticercosis enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot in patients with neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 164: 1007–1009.
Garcia HH, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Palacios LG, Jimenez I, Rodriguez S, Verastegui M, Wilkins P, Tsang VC, Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2001. Short report: transient antibody response in Taenia solium infection in field conditions-a major contributor to high seroprevalence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 31–32.
Garcia HH, Del Brutto OH, Nash TE, White AC Jr, Tsang VC, Gilman RH, 2005. New concepts in the diagnosis and management of neurocysticercosis (Taenia solium). Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 3–9.
Praet N, Rodriguez-Hidalgo R, Speybroeck N, Ahounou S, Benitez-Ortiz W, Berkvens D, Hul AV, Barrionuevo-Samaniego M, Saegerman C, Dorny P, 2010. Infection with versus exposure to Taenia solium: what do serological test results tell us? Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 413–415.
Garcia HH, Rodriguez S, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Tsang VC, 2012. Neurocysticercosis: is serology useful in the absence of brain imaging? Trop Med Int Health 17: 1014–1018.
Gavidia CM, Verastegui MR, Garcia HH, Lopez-Urbina T, Tsang VC, Pan W, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2013. Relationship between serum antibodies and Taenia solium larvae burden in pigs raised in field conditions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2192.
Sciutto E, Hernandez M, Garcia G, de Aluja AS, Villalobos AN, Rodarte LF, Parkhouse M, Harrison L, 1998. Diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis: a comparative study of serological tests for detection of circulating antibody and viable parasites. Vet Parasitol 78: 185–194.
Santamaria E, Plancarte A, de Aluja AS, 2002. The experimental infection of pigs with different numbers of Taenia solium eggs: immune response and efficiency of establishment. J Parasitol 88: 69–73.
Zamora HSR, Garcia HH, Rodriguez S, Allan JC, Vasquez Y, Gilman RH, Gonzalez AE, Noh J, Patthabi S, Tsang VCW; The Cysticercosis Working Group in Perú, 2004. Sensitivity and specificity of ELISA Coproantigen detection for the diagnosis of intestinal Taenia solium taeniais. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71 (Suppl 4): 42.
Bobes RJ, Hernandez M, Marquez C, Fragoso G, García E, Parkhouse RM, Harrison LJ, Sciutto E, Fleury A, 2006. Subarachnoidal and intraventricular human neurocysticercosis: application of an antigen detection assay for the diagnosis and follow-up. Trop Med Int Health 11: 943–950.
Fleury A, Hernandez M, Fragoso G, Parkhouse RM, Harrison LJ, Sciutto E, 2003. Detection of secreted cysticercal antigen: a useful tool in the diagnosis of inflammatory neurocysticercosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 97: 542–546.
Rodriguez S, Dorny P, Tsang VC, Pretell EJ, Brandt J, Lescano AG, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Garcia HH; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2009. Detection of Taenia solium antigens and anti-T. solium antibodies in paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients with intraparenchymal or extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. J Infect Dis 199: 1345–1352.
Correa D, Sandoval MA, Harrison LJ, Parkhouse RM, Plancarte A, Meza-Lucas A, Flisser A, 1989. Human neurocysticercosis: comparison of enzyme immunoassay capture techniques based on monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the detection of parasite products in cerebrospinal fluid. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83: 814–816.
Harrison LJ, Joshua GW, Wright SH, Parkhouse RM, 1989. Specific detection of circulating surface/secreted glycoproteins of viable cysticerci in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Parasite Immunol 11: 351–370.
Brandt JR, Geerts S, De Deken R, Kumar V, Ceulemans F, Brijs L, Falla N, 1992. A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 22: 471–477.
Van Kerckhoven I, Vansteenkiste W, Claes M, Geerts S, Brandt J, 1998. Improved detection of circulating antigen in cattle infected with Taenia saginata metacestodes. Vet Parasitol 76: 269–274.
Dorny P, Vercammen F, Brandt J, Vansteenkiste W, Berkvens D, Geerts S, 2000. Sero-epidemiological study of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Belgian cattle. Vet Parasitol 88: 43–49.
Dorny P, Phiri IK, Vercruysse J, Gabriel S, Willingham AL 3rd, Brandt J, Victor B, Speybroeck N, Berkvens D, 2004. A Bayesian approach for estimating values for prevalence and diagnostic test characteristics of porcine cysticercosis. Int J Parasitol 34: 569–576.
Nguekam Zoli AP, Ongolo-Zogo P, Dorny P, Brandt J, Geerts S, 2003. Follow-up of neurocysticercosis patients after treatment using an antigen detection ELISA. Parasite 10: 65–68.
Nguekam A, Zoli AP, Vondou L, Pouedet SM, Assana E, Dorny P, Brandt J, Losson B, Geerts S, 2003. Kinetics of circulating antigens in pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium eggs. Vet Parasitol 111: 323–332.
Fleury A, Hernandez M, Avila M, Cárdenas G, Bobes RJ, Huerta M, Fragoso G, Uribe-Campero L, Harrison LJ, Parkhouse RM, Sciutto E, 2007. Detection of HP10 antigen in serum for diagnosis and follow-up of subarachnoidal and intraventricular human neurocysticercosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 78: 970–974.
Castillo Y, Rodriguez S, Garcia HH, Brandt J, Van Hul A, Silva M, Rodriguez-Hidalgo R, Portocarrero M, Melendez DP, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH, Dorny P; Cysticercosis Working Group in Perú, 2009. Urine antigen detection for the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 379–383.
Gonzalez AE, Bustos JA, Jimenez JA, Rodriguez ML, Ramirez MG, Gilman RH, Garcia HH; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2012. Efficacy of diverse antiparasitic treatments for cysticercosis in the pig model. Am J Trop Med Hyg 87: 292–296.
Gonzalez AE, Cama V, Gilman RH, Tsang VC, Pilcher JB, Chavera A, Castro M, Montenegro T, Verastegui M, Miranda E, Bazalar H, 1990. Prevalence and comparison of serologic assays, necropsy, and tongue examination for the diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis in Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 43: 194–199.
Straw BJ, Meuten DJ, 1992. Physical examination. Straw BJ, Mengeling WL, D'Allaire S, Taylor DJ, eds. Diseases of Swine. 7th edition. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 793–807.
Flores Menendez JA, Agraz García AA, 1986. Ganado Porcino: Cria, Explotación, Enfermedades e Industrialización. 1a. ed. México: Ciencia y Técnica.
Deckers N, Kanobana K, Silva M, Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Dorny P, 2008. Serological responses in porcine cysticercosis: a link with the parasitological outcome of infection. Int J Parasitol 38: 1191–1198.
Mkupasi EM, Ngowi HA, Sikasunge CS, Leifsson PS, Johansen MV, 2013. Efficacy of ivermectin and oxfendazole against Taenia solium cysticercosis and other parasitoses in naturally infected pigs. Acta Trop 128: 48–53.
Peniche-Cardena A, Dominguez-Alpizar JL, Sima-Alvarez R, Argaez-Rodriguez F, Fraser A, Craig PS, Rodriguez-Canul R, 2002. Chemotherapy of porcine cysticercosis with albendazole sulphoxide. Vet Parasitol 108: 63–73.
Gonzalez AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Lopez MT, Gavidia C, McDonald J, Pilcher JB, Tsang VC, 1995. Treatment of porcine cysticercosis with albendazole. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 571–574.
Jung H, Gonzalez D, 2002. Pharmacology of antycisticercal therapy. Singh G, Prabhakar S, eds. Taenia solium Cysticercosis. From Basic to Clinical Science Oxon, United Kingdom: CABI Publishing, 363–374.
Dayan AD, 2003. Albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel. Review of non-clinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics. Acta Trop 86: 141–159.
Dixon HB, Lipscomb FM, 1961. Cysticercosis: An Analysis and Follow-up of 450 Cases, Vol. 299. London, United Kingdom: Medical Research Council.
Sciutto E, Martinez JJ, Villalobos NM, Hernández M, José MV, Beltrán C, Rodarte F, Flores I, Bobadilla JR, Fragoso G, Parkhouse ME, Harrison LJ, de Aluja AS, 1998. Limitations of current diagnostic procedures for the diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in rural pigs. Vet Parasitol 79: 299–313.
Bustos JA, Garcia HH, Dorregaray R, Naranjo M, Pretell EJ, Gonzalez AE, Gilman RH; Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru, 2005. Detection of muscle calcifications by thigh CT scan in neurocysticercosis patients. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 775–779.
Fleury A, Garcia E, Hernandez M, Carrillo R, Govezensky T, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Harrison LJ, Parkhouse RM, 2013. Neurocysticercosis: HP10 antigen detection is useful for the follow-up of the severe patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2096.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 30 | 27 | 10 |
Full Text Views | 288 | 117 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 73 | 17 | 0 |