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RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1.
Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Lopez AD, 2007. Measuring the burden of neglected tropical diseases: the global burden of disease framework. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e114.
-
2.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581–596.
-
3.
Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Franco-Paredes C, Ault SK, Periago MR, 2008. The neglected tropical diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e300.
-
4.
Brazil Ministry of Health, 2014. Portal da Saúde. Available at: http://portalsaude.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2014/setembro/09/LT-Casos.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2015.
-
5.
Harhay MO, Olliaro PL, Costa DL, Costa CH, 2011. Urban parasitology: visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Trends Parasitol 27: 403–409.
-
6.
Albuquerque PL, Silva Junior GB, Freire CC, Oliveira SB, Almeida DM, Silva HF, Cavalcante M do S, Sousa A de Q, 2009. Urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica 26: 330–333.
-
7.
Silva ES, Gontijo CM, Pacheco RS, Fiuza VO, Brazil RP, 2001. Visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 96: 285–291.
-
8.
Jeronimo SM, Duggal P, Braz RF, Cheng C, Monteiro GR, Nascimento ET, Martins DR, Karplus TM, Ximenes MF, Oliveira CC, Pinheiro VG, Pereira W, Peralta JM, Sousa J, Medeiros IM, Pearsoni RD, Burns TL, Pugh EW, Wilson ME, 2004. An emerging peri-urban pattern of infection with Leishmania chagasi, the protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. Scand J Infect Dis 36: 443–449.
-
9.
Penna G, Pinto LF, Soranz D, Glatt R, 2009. High incidence of diseases endemic to the Amazon region of Brazil, 2001–2006. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 626–632.
-
10.
Guerra JA, Ribeiro JA, Coelho LI, Barbosa MG, Paes MG, 2006. Epidemiology of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Sao Joao, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil [in Portuguese]. Cad Saude Publica 22: 2319–2327.
-
11.
Barrett TV, Senra MS, 1989. Leishmaniasis in Manaus, Brazil. Parasitol Today 5: 255–257.
-
12.
Brazil Ministry of Health, 2011. DATASUS. Available at: http://www.datasus.gov.br. Accessed July 1, 2015.
-
13.
Garcia L, Kindt A, Bermudez H, Llanos-Cuentas A, De Doncker S, Arevalo J, Wilber Quispe Tintaya K, Dujardin JC, 2004. Culture-independent species typing of neotropical Leishmania for clinical validation of a PCR-based assay targeting heat shock protein 70 genes. J Clin Microbiol 42: 2294–2297.
-
14.
Montalvo AM, Fraga J, Monzote L, Montano I, De Doncker S, Dujardin JC, Van der Auwera G, 2010. Heat-shock protein 70 PCR-RFLP: a universal simple tool for Leishmania species discrimination in the New and Old World. Parasitology 137: 1159–1168.
-
15.
Brazil Ministry of Health, 2011. SINAN. Available at: http://dtr2004.saude.gov.br/sinanweb/. Accessed July 1, 2015.
-
16.
SUDAM, 2014. Amazônia Legal Demografia. Available at: http://www.sudam.gov.br/amazonia-legal/demografia. Accessed July 1, 2015.
-
17.
Barbosa MGV, Fé NF, Marcião AHR, Silva APT, Monteiro WM, Guerra JAO, 2008. Fauna de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em um foco de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na área periurbana de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 41: 485–491.
-
18.
Lainson R, Shaw JJ, Silveira FT, de Souza AA, Braga RR, Ishikawa EA, 1994. The dermal leishmaniases of Brazil, with special reference to the eco-epidemiology of the disease in Amazonia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 89: 435–443.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 216 | 177 | 5 |
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Sustained Presence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Urban Manaus, the Largest Human Settlement in the Amazon
Ednelza Benício
Ednelza Benício
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Mayara Cordeiro
Mayara Cordeiro
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Hannah Monteiro
Hannah Monteiro
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Marco Antônio Saboia Moura
Marco Antônio Saboia Moura
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Cintia Oliveira
Cintia Oliveira
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Ellen Pricilla Nunes Gadelha
Ellen Pricilla Nunes Gadelha
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Anette Chrusciak-Talhari
Anette Chrusciak-Talhari
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Carolina Talhari
Carolina Talhari
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira
Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Marcelo Távora Mira
Marcelo Távora Mira
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Paulo Roberto Lima Machado
Paulo Roberto Lima Machado
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Sinésio Talhari
Sinésio Talhari
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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Albert Schriefer
Albert Schriefer
Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais, Salvador, Brazil
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The Amazon is responsible for approximately 40% of the American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in Brazil. Herein the sustained presence of ATL in Manaus, the largest settlement in the Amazon, was investigated. Records of notification of historic cases, and data from cases prospectively enrolled in the Tropical Medicine Foundation of the Amazonas State were used. Geographic coordinates of prospective patients' living sites were used to detect inner-city clusters of ATL. Infecting Leishmania species was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Among prospectively enrolled subjects, 94.8% were infected with Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, 76.7% were male, 30.2% were 0–20 years old, and 69.8% had an urban residence. Historic cases showed a profile similar to that of prospectively enrolled subjects. Several clusters of ATL, widely distributed within the city of Manaus, could be detected. In conclusion, there was a high frequency of disease in young age groups and cases clustered in urban neighborhoods. It cannot be determined from these data whether transmission of these cases occurred within or outside the city of Manaus.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas–FAPEAM, Brazil and by the NIH grant P50AI030639. Albert Schriefer and Marcelo Távora Mira were recipients of research scholarships from FAPEAM. Ednelza Benício, Mayara Cordeiro, and Hannah Monteiro were recipients of PAIC scholarships from FAPEAM.
Authors' addresses: Ednelza Benício, Mayara Cordeiro, Hannah Monteiro, and Cintia Oliveira, Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil, E-mails: ednelza.benicio@hotmail.com, mayara.cord89@gmail.com, nanahhg@hotmail.com, and cmaraoliveira@hotmail.com. Marco Antônio Saboia Moura, Departamento de Tecnologia da Informação, Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil, E-mail: marco@fmt.am.gov.br. Ellen Pricilla Nunes Gadelha, Anette Chrusciak-Talhari, and Sinésio Talhari, Gerência de Dermatologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil, E-mails: ellenpriscilla@ig.com.br, anette@dermatologiatalhari.com.br, and sinesio@dermatologiatalhari.com.br. Carolina Talhari, Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Mata, Amazonas, Brazil, E-mail: carolinatalhari@gmail.com. Luiz Carlos de Lima Ferreira, Gerência de Patologia, Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Amazonas, Brazil, E-mail: ferreira@fmt.am.gov.br. Marcelo Távora Mira, PPGCS/CCBS, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil, E-mail: m.mira@pucpr.br. Paulo Roberto Lima Machado and Albert Schriefer, Serviço de Imunologia, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Bahia, Brazil, E-mails: prlmachado@uol.com.br and aschriefer@globo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mathers CD, Ezzati M, Lopez AD, 2007. Measuring the burden of neglected tropical diseases: the global burden of disease framework. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 1: e114.
-
2.
Reithinger R, Dujardin JC, Louzir H, Pirmez C, Alexander B, Brooker S, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lancet Infect Dis 7: 581–596.
-
3.
Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Franco-Paredes C, Ault SK, Periago MR, 2008. The neglected tropical diseases of Latin America and the Caribbean: a review of disease burden and distribution and a roadmap for control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e300.
-
4.
Brazil Ministry of Health, 2014. Portal da Saúde. Available at: http://portalsaude.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2014/setembro/09/LT-Casos.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2015.
-
5.
Harhay MO, Olliaro PL, Costa DL, Costa CH, 2011. Urban parasitology: visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Trends Parasitol 27: 403–409.
-
6.
Albuquerque PL, Silva Junior GB, Freire CC, Oliveira SB, Almeida DM, Silva HF, Cavalcante M do S, Sousa A de Q, 2009. Urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Publica 26: 330–333.
-
7.
Silva ES, Gontijo CM, Pacheco RS, Fiuza VO, Brazil RP, 2001. Visceral leishmaniasis in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 96: 285–291.
-
8.
Jeronimo SM, Duggal P, Braz RF, Cheng C, Monteiro GR, Nascimento ET, Martins DR, Karplus TM, Ximenes MF, Oliveira CC, Pinheiro VG, Pereira W, Peralta JM, Sousa J, Medeiros IM, Pearsoni RD, Burns TL, Pugh EW, Wilson ME, 2004. An emerging peri-urban pattern of infection with Leishmania chagasi, the protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil. Scand J Infect Dis 36: 443–449.
-
9.
Penna G, Pinto LF, Soranz D, Glatt R, 2009. High incidence of diseases endemic to the Amazon region of Brazil, 2001–2006. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 626–632.
-
10.
Guerra JA, Ribeiro JA, Coelho LI, Barbosa MG, Paes MG, 2006. Epidemiology of tegumentary leishmaniasis in Sao Joao, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil [in Portuguese]. Cad Saude Publica 22: 2319–2327.
-
11.
Barrett TV, Senra MS, 1989. Leishmaniasis in Manaus, Brazil. Parasitol Today 5: 255–257.
-
12.
Brazil Ministry of Health, 2011. DATASUS. Available at: http://www.datasus.gov.br. Accessed July 1, 2015.
-
13.
Garcia L, Kindt A, Bermudez H, Llanos-Cuentas A, De Doncker S, Arevalo J, Wilber Quispe Tintaya K, Dujardin JC, 2004. Culture-independent species typing of neotropical Leishmania for clinical validation of a PCR-based assay targeting heat shock protein 70 genes. J Clin Microbiol 42: 2294–2297.
-
14.
Montalvo AM, Fraga J, Monzote L, Montano I, De Doncker S, Dujardin JC, Van der Auwera G, 2010. Heat-shock protein 70 PCR-RFLP: a universal simple tool for Leishmania species discrimination in the New and Old World. Parasitology 137: 1159–1168.
-
15.
Brazil Ministry of Health, 2011. SINAN. Available at: http://dtr2004.saude.gov.br/sinanweb/. Accessed July 1, 2015.
-
16.
SUDAM, 2014. Amazônia Legal Demografia. Available at: http://www.sudam.gov.br/amazonia-legal/demografia. Accessed July 1, 2015.
-
17.
Barbosa MGV, Fé NF, Marcião AHR, Silva APT, Monteiro WM, Guerra JAO, 2008. Fauna de flebotomíneos (Diptera: Psychodidae) em um foco de leishmaniose tegumentar americana na área periurbana de Manaus, Estado do Amazonas. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 41: 485–491.
-
18.
Lainson R, Shaw JJ, Silveira FT, de Souza AA, Braga RR, Ishikawa EA, 1994. The dermal leishmaniases of Brazil, with special reference to the eco-epidemiology of the disease in Amazonia. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 89: 435–443.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 216 | 177 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 328 | 10 | 3 |
| PDF Downloads | 89 | 6 | 2 |