ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Blanton LS, Dumler JS, Walker DH, 2015. Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus). Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2221–2224.
-
2.
Strandtmann RW, Eben DJ, 1953. A survey of typhus in rats and rat ectoparasites in Galveston, Texas. Tex Rep Biol Med 11: 144–151.
-
3.
Blanton LS, Vohra RF, Bouyer DH, Walker DH, 2015. Reemergence of murine typhus in Galveston, Texas, USA, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 484–486.
-
4.
Dumler JS, Taylor JP, Walker DH, 1991. Clinical and laboratory features of murine typhus in south Texas, 1980 through 1987. JAMA 266: 1365–1370.
-
5.
Bernabeu-Wittel M, Pachon J, Alarcon A, Lopez-Cortes LF, Viciana P, Jimenez-Mejias ME, Villanueva JL, Torronteras R, Caballero-Granado FJ, 1999. Murine typhus as a common cause of fever of intermediate duration: a 17-year study in the south of Spain. Arch Intern Med 159: 872–876.
-
6.
Chaliotis G, Kritsotakis EI, Psaroulaki A, Tselentis Y, Gikas A, 2012. Murine typhus in central Greece: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic-response features of 90 cases. Int J Infect Dis 16: e591–e596.
-
7.
Gikas A, Doukakis S, Pediaditis J, Kastanakis S, Psaroulaki A, Tselentis Y, 2002. Murine typhus in Greece: epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data from 83 cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 250–253.
-
8.
Miller ES, Beeson PB, 1946. Murine typhus fever. Medicine 25: 1–15.
-
9.
Phongmany S, Rolain JM, Phetsouvanh R, Blacksell SD, Soukkhaseum V, Rasachack B, Phiasakha K, Soukkhaseum S, Frichithavong K, Chu V, Keolouangkhot V, Martinez-Aussel B, Chang K, Darasavath C, Rattanavong O, Sisouphone S, Mayxay M, Vidamaly S, Parola P, Thammavong C, Heuangvongsy M, Syhavong B, Raoult D, White NJ, Newton PN, 2006. Rickettsial infections and fever, Vientiane, Laos. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 256–262.
-
10.
Shaked Y, Samra Y, Maeir MK, Rubinstein E, 1988. Murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel in the eighties: retrospective analysis. Infection 16: 283–287.
-
11.
Stuart BM, Pullen RL, 1945. Endemic (murine) typhus fever: clinical observations of 180 cases. Ann Intern Med 23: 520–536.
-
12.
Tselentis Y, Babalis TL, Chrysanthis D, Gikas A, Chaliotis G, Raoult D, 1992. Clinicoepidemiological study of murine typhus on the Greek island of Evia. Eur J Epidemiol 8: 268–272.
-
13.
Zimmerman MD, Murdoch DR, Rozmajzl PJ, Basnyat B, Woods CW, Richards AL, Belbase RH, Hammer DA, Anderson TP, Reller LB, 2008. Murine typhus and febrile illness, Nepal. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1656–1659.
-
14.
Walker DH, Feng HM, Ladner S, Billings AN, Zaki SR, Wear DJ, Hightower B, 1997. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of typhus rickettsioses using an anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody. Mod Pathol 10: 1038–1042.
-
15.
Henry KM, Jiang J, Rozmajzl PJ, Azad AF, Macaluso KR, Richards AL, 2007. Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays to detect Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, the causative agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever. Mol Cell Probes 21: 17–23.
-
16.
Labruna MB, Whitworth T, Horta MC, Bouyer DH, McBride JW, Pinter A, Popov V, Gennari SM, Walker DH, 2004. Rickettsia species infecting Amblyomma cooperi ticks from an area in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, where Brazilian spotted fever is endemic. J Clin Microbiol 42: 90–98.
-
17.
Montenegro MR, Mansueto S, Hegarty BC, Walker DH, 1983. The histology of “taches noires” of boutonneuse fever and demonstration of Rickettsia conorii in them by immunofluorescence. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 400: 309–317.
-
18.
Murphy JR, Wisseman CL Jr, Fiset P, 1978. Mechanisms of immunity in typhus infection: some characteristics of Rickettsia mooseri infection of guinea pigs. Infect Immun 21: 417–424.
-
19.
La Scola B, Bechah Y, Lepidi H, Raoult D, 2009. Prediction of rickettsial skin eschars in humans using an experimental guinea pig model. Microb Pathog 47: 128–133.
-
20.
Everritt MG, Bhatt PN, Fox JP, 1954. Infection of man with avirulent rickettsiae of epidemic typhus (strain E). Am J Hyg 59: 60–73.
-
21.
Azad AF, Traub R, 1989. Experimental transmission of murine typhus by Xenopsylla cheopis flea bites. Med Vet Entomol 3: 429–433.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1573 | 1452 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 274 | 4 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 71 | 5 | 2 |
An Unusual Cutaneous Manifestation in a Patient with Murine Typhus
Lucas S. Blanton
Lucas S. Blanton
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Alfred S. Lea
Alfred S. Lea
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Brent C. Kelly
Brent C. Kelly
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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David H. Walker
David H. Walker
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Murine typhus is a flea-borne febrile illness caused by Rickettsia typhi. Although often accompanied by rash, an inoculation lesion has not been observed as it is with many tick- and mite-transmitted rickettsioses. We describe a patient with murine typhus and an unusual cutaneous manifestation at the site of rickettsial inoculation.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was supported by the Carmage and Martha Walls Distinguished University Chair in Tropical Diseases Endowment.
Authors' addresses: Lucas S. Blanton and Alfred S. Lea, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mails: lsblanto@utmb.edu and aslea@utmb.edu. Brent C. Kelly, Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mail: bckelly@utmb.edu. David H. Walker, Department of Pathology, Galveston, TX, E-mail: dwalker@utmb.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Blanton LS, Dumler JS, Walker DH, 2015. Rickettsia typhi (murine typhus). Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2221–2224.
-
2.
Strandtmann RW, Eben DJ, 1953. A survey of typhus in rats and rat ectoparasites in Galveston, Texas. Tex Rep Biol Med 11: 144–151.
-
3.
Blanton LS, Vohra RF, Bouyer DH, Walker DH, 2015. Reemergence of murine typhus in Galveston, Texas, USA, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis 21: 484–486.
-
4.
Dumler JS, Taylor JP, Walker DH, 1991. Clinical and laboratory features of murine typhus in south Texas, 1980 through 1987. JAMA 266: 1365–1370.
-
5.
Bernabeu-Wittel M, Pachon J, Alarcon A, Lopez-Cortes LF, Viciana P, Jimenez-Mejias ME, Villanueva JL, Torronteras R, Caballero-Granado FJ, 1999. Murine typhus as a common cause of fever of intermediate duration: a 17-year study in the south of Spain. Arch Intern Med 159: 872–876.
-
6.
Chaliotis G, Kritsotakis EI, Psaroulaki A, Tselentis Y, Gikas A, 2012. Murine typhus in central Greece: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic-response features of 90 cases. Int J Infect Dis 16: e591–e596.
-
7.
Gikas A, Doukakis S, Pediaditis J, Kastanakis S, Psaroulaki A, Tselentis Y, 2002. Murine typhus in Greece: epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic data from 83 cases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 250–253.
-
8.
Miller ES, Beeson PB, 1946. Murine typhus fever. Medicine 25: 1–15.
-
9.
Phongmany S, Rolain JM, Phetsouvanh R, Blacksell SD, Soukkhaseum V, Rasachack B, Phiasakha K, Soukkhaseum S, Frichithavong K, Chu V, Keolouangkhot V, Martinez-Aussel B, Chang K, Darasavath C, Rattanavong O, Sisouphone S, Mayxay M, Vidamaly S, Parola P, Thammavong C, Heuangvongsy M, Syhavong B, Raoult D, White NJ, Newton PN, 2006. Rickettsial infections and fever, Vientiane, Laos. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 256–262.
-
10.
Shaked Y, Samra Y, Maeir MK, Rubinstein E, 1988. Murine typhus and spotted fever in Israel in the eighties: retrospective analysis. Infection 16: 283–287.
-
11.
Stuart BM, Pullen RL, 1945. Endemic (murine) typhus fever: clinical observations of 180 cases. Ann Intern Med 23: 520–536.
-
12.
Tselentis Y, Babalis TL, Chrysanthis D, Gikas A, Chaliotis G, Raoult D, 1992. Clinicoepidemiological study of murine typhus on the Greek island of Evia. Eur J Epidemiol 8: 268–272.
-
13.
Zimmerman MD, Murdoch DR, Rozmajzl PJ, Basnyat B, Woods CW, Richards AL, Belbase RH, Hammer DA, Anderson TP, Reller LB, 2008. Murine typhus and febrile illness, Nepal. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1656–1659.
-
14.
Walker DH, Feng HM, Ladner S, Billings AN, Zaki SR, Wear DJ, Hightower B, 1997. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of typhus rickettsioses using an anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody. Mod Pathol 10: 1038–1042.
-
15.
Henry KM, Jiang J, Rozmajzl PJ, Azad AF, Macaluso KR, Richards AL, 2007. Development of quantitative real-time PCR assays to detect Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, the causative agents of murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever. Mol Cell Probes 21: 17–23.
-
16.
Labruna MB, Whitworth T, Horta MC, Bouyer DH, McBride JW, Pinter A, Popov V, Gennari SM, Walker DH, 2004. Rickettsia species infecting Amblyomma cooperi ticks from an area in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, where Brazilian spotted fever is endemic. J Clin Microbiol 42: 90–98.
-
17.
Montenegro MR, Mansueto S, Hegarty BC, Walker DH, 1983. The histology of “taches noires” of boutonneuse fever and demonstration of Rickettsia conorii in them by immunofluorescence. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 400: 309–317.
-
18.
Murphy JR, Wisseman CL Jr, Fiset P, 1978. Mechanisms of immunity in typhus infection: some characteristics of Rickettsia mooseri infection of guinea pigs. Infect Immun 21: 417–424.
-
19.
La Scola B, Bechah Y, Lepidi H, Raoult D, 2009. Prediction of rickettsial skin eschars in humans using an experimental guinea pig model. Microb Pathog 47: 128–133.
-
20.
Everritt MG, Bhatt PN, Fox JP, 1954. Infection of man with avirulent rickettsiae of epidemic typhus (strain E). Am J Hyg 59: 60–73.
-
21.
Azad AF, Traub R, 1989. Experimental transmission of murine typhus by Xenopsylla cheopis flea bites. Med Vet Entomol 3: 429–433.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1573 | 1452 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 274 | 4 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 71 | 5 | 2 |