Atherton JC, Blaser MJ, 2009. Coadaptation of Helicobacter pylori and humans: ancient history, modern implications. J Clin Invest 119: 2475–2487.
Blaser MJ, Atherton JC, 2004. Helicobacter pylori persistence: biology and disease. J Clin Invest 113: 321–333.
Eusebi LH, Zagari RM, Bazzoli F, 2014. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 19 (Suppl 1): 1–5.
Vilaichone RK, Mahachai V, Shiota S, Uchida T, Ratanachu-ek T, Tshering L, Tung NL, Fujioka T, Moriyama M, Yamaoka Y, 2013. Extremely high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Bhutan. World J Gastroenterol 19: 2806–2810.
Magalhães Queiroz DM, Luzza F, 2006. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 11: S1–S5.
Contreras M, Salazar V, García-Amado MA, Reyes N, Aparcero M, Silva O, Castro D, Romero R, Gueneau P, Michelangeli F, 2012. High frequency of Helicobacter pylori strains in the esophageal mucosa of dyspeptic patients and its possible association with histopathological alterations. Int J Infect Dis 16: e364–e370.
Chiurillo MA, Moran YH, Cañas M, Valderrama EJ, Armanie E, 2011. Infection with specific Helicobacter pylori-cag pathogenicity island strains is associated with interleukin-1B gene polymorphisms in Venezuelan chronic gastritis patients. Dig Dis Sci 56: 449–456.
Ortiz-Princz D, Guariglia-Oropeza V, Avila M, Correnti M, Perrone M, Gutierrez B, Torres J, Megraud F, Cavazza ME, 2010. Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genotypes in Cuban and Venezuelan populations. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 105: 331–335.
Domínguez-Bello MG, Cienfuentes C, Romero R, García P, Gómez I, Mago V, Reyes N, Gueneau de Novoa P, 2001. PCR detection of Helicobacter pylori in string-absorbed gastric juice. FEMS Microbiol Lett 198: 15–16.
García-Amado MA, Al-Soud WA, Borges-Landaéz P, Contreras M, Cedeño S, Baéz-Ramírez E, Domínguez-Bello MG, Wadström T, Gueneau P, 2007. Non-pylori Helicobacteraceae in the upper digestive tract of asymptomatic Venezuelan subjects: detection of Helicobacter cetorum-like and Candidatus Wolinella africanus-like DNA. Helicobacter 12: 553–558.
Abrante L, Reyes N, García-Amado MA, Suárez P, Romero R, Michelangeli F, Contreras M, 2012. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by PCR in gastric juice and gastroesophageal biopsies from dyspeptic patients. Invest Clin 53: 168–177.
Velapatiño B, Balqui J, Gilman RH, Bussalleu A, Quino W, Finger SA, Santivañez L, Herrera P, Piscoya A, Valdivia J, Cok J, Berg DE, 2006. Validation of string test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections. J Clin Microbiol 44: 976–980.
Hatakeyama M, 2014. Helicobacter pylori CagA and gastric cancer: a paradigm for hit-and-run carcinogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 15: 306–316.
Contreras M, Pujol FH, Pérez-Pérez GI, Marini E, Michelangeli FA, Ponce L, Domínguez-Bello MG, 2008. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in Amerindians from isolated locations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 574–576.
Ortiz D, Cavazza ME, Rodriguez O, Hagel I, Correnti M, Convit J, 2003. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Warao lineage communities of Delta Amacuro State, Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 721–725.
Germani Y, Dauga C, Duval P, Huerre M, Levy M, Pialoux G, Sansonetti P, Grimont PA, 1997. Strategy for the detection of Helicobacter species by amplification of 16S rRNA genes and identification of H. felis in a human gastric biopsy. Res Microbiol 148: 315–326.
Altman DG, 1991. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London, United Kingdom: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Bani-Hani KE, Shatnawi NJ, El Qaderi S, Khader YS, Bani-Hani BK, 2006. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in healthy schoolchildren. Chin J Dig Dis 7: 55–60.
Abdallaha TM, Mohammedb HB, Mohammedc MH, Abdalla Alia AA, 2014. Sero-prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in eastern Sudan. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 4: 115–119.
Ghose C, Perez-Perez GI, Dominguez-Bello MG, Pride DT, Bravi CM, Blaser MJ, 2002. East Asian genotypes of Helicobacter pylori strains in Amerindians provide evidence for its ancient human carriage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 15107–15111.
Ghose C, Perez-Perez GI, van Doorn LJ, Domínguez-Bello MG, Blaser MJ, 2005. High frequency of gastric colonization with multiple Helicobacter pylori strains in Venezuelan subjects. J Clin Microbiol 43: 2635–2641.
Chiurillo MA, Moran Y, Cañas M, Valderrama E, Granda N, Sayegh M, Ramírez JL, 2013. Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori virulence-associated genes shows high diversity of strains infecting patients in western Venezuela. Int J Infect Dis 17: e750–e756.
Nilsson C, Sillén A, Eriksson L, Strand ML, Enroth H, Normark S, Falk P, Engstrand L, 2003. Correlation between cag pathogenicity island composition and Helicobacter pylori associated gastroduodenal disease. Infect Immun 71: 6573–6581.
Lima VP, de Lima MA, Ferreira MV, Barros MA, Rabenhorst SH, 2010. The relationship between Helicobacter pylori genes cagE and virB11 and gastric cancer. Int J Infect Dis 14: e613–e617.
Domínguez-Bello MG, Beker B, Guelrud M, Vivas J, Peraza S, Pérez ME, Pericchi LR, 2002. Short report: socioeconomic and seasonal variations of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients in Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 49–51.
Yakoob J, Abbas Z, Khan R, Naz S, Ahmad Z, Islam M, Awan S, Jafri F, Jafri W, 2012. Prevalence of non Helicobacter pylori species in patients presenting with dyspepsia. BMC Gastroenterol 12: 3.
Okiyama Y, Matsuzawa K, Hidaka E, Sano K, Akamatsu T, Ota H, 2005. Helicobacter heilmannii infection: clinical, endoscopic and histopathological features in Japanese patients. Pathol Int 55: 398–404.
Yali Z, Yamada N, Wen M, Matsuhisa T, Miki M, 1998. Gastrospirillum hominis and Helicobacter pylori infection in Thai individuals: comparison of histopathological changes of gastric mucosa. Pathol Int 48: 507–511.
Flahou B, Haesebrouck F, Smet A, Yonezawa H, Osaki T, Kamiya S, 2013. Gastric and enterohepatic non-Helicobacter pylori helicobacters. Helicobacter 18: 66–72.
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The goal of this work was to assess the Helicobacter pylori prevalence in a rural mestizo population and compare it to an urban population from Venezuela. The study was performed in gastric juice samples of 71 dyspeptic patients from Caracas (urban) and 39 from Tucupita (rural), in the Orinoco Delta region. Helicobacter pylori was detected by amplification of 16S rRNA, glmM, and ureA genes in 55.0% patients from urban and 87.2% from rural populations. cagA was found positive in 51% and 62% urban and rural patients, respectively. Non-H. pylori Helicobacter species were not detected in the urban population, but was found in 7.7% of patients in the rural study site. Frequency values of the 16S rRNA, glmM, and ureA genes were higher in the rural population. The odds ratio for each gene was 15.18 for 16S rRNA, 2.34 for glmM, 2.89 for ureA, and 1.53 cagA, showing significant differences except for cagA when gene frequency was compared in both populations. These results demonstrate a higher frequency of H. pylori and gastric non-H. pylori Helicobacter infection in a rural mestizo population with low hygienic standards as compared with city dwellers, representing a potential risk for the development of gastroduodenal diseases.
Financial support: Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) and Proyecto LOCTI No. 2011000694 del Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Ciencia y Tecnología, Sub-proyecto No. 1.
Authors' addresses: Monica Contreras, Milagro Fernández-Delgado, Nelson Reyes, María Alexandra García-Amado, Héctor Rojas, and Fabian Michelangeli, Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela, E-mails: mocontre@ivic.gob.ve, milagrof@ivic.gob.ve, nreyes@ivic.gob.ve, magarcia@ivic.gob.ve, hectorrafaelrojas@gmail.com, and fmichelangeli@gmail.com.
Atherton JC, Blaser MJ, 2009. Coadaptation of Helicobacter pylori and humans: ancient history, modern implications. J Clin Invest 119: 2475–2487.
Blaser MJ, Atherton JC, 2004. Helicobacter pylori persistence: biology and disease. J Clin Invest 113: 321–333.
Eusebi LH, Zagari RM, Bazzoli F, 2014. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 19 (Suppl 1): 1–5.
Vilaichone RK, Mahachai V, Shiota S, Uchida T, Ratanachu-ek T, Tshering L, Tung NL, Fujioka T, Moriyama M, Yamaoka Y, 2013. Extremely high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Bhutan. World J Gastroenterol 19: 2806–2810.
Magalhães Queiroz DM, Luzza F, 2006. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 11: S1–S5.
Contreras M, Salazar V, García-Amado MA, Reyes N, Aparcero M, Silva O, Castro D, Romero R, Gueneau P, Michelangeli F, 2012. High frequency of Helicobacter pylori strains in the esophageal mucosa of dyspeptic patients and its possible association with histopathological alterations. Int J Infect Dis 16: e364–e370.
Chiurillo MA, Moran YH, Cañas M, Valderrama EJ, Armanie E, 2011. Infection with specific Helicobacter pylori-cag pathogenicity island strains is associated with interleukin-1B gene polymorphisms in Venezuelan chronic gastritis patients. Dig Dis Sci 56: 449–456.
Ortiz-Princz D, Guariglia-Oropeza V, Avila M, Correnti M, Perrone M, Gutierrez B, Torres J, Megraud F, Cavazza ME, 2010. Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genotypes in Cuban and Venezuelan populations. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 105: 331–335.
Domínguez-Bello MG, Cienfuentes C, Romero R, García P, Gómez I, Mago V, Reyes N, Gueneau de Novoa P, 2001. PCR detection of Helicobacter pylori in string-absorbed gastric juice. FEMS Microbiol Lett 198: 15–16.
García-Amado MA, Al-Soud WA, Borges-Landaéz P, Contreras M, Cedeño S, Baéz-Ramírez E, Domínguez-Bello MG, Wadström T, Gueneau P, 2007. Non-pylori Helicobacteraceae in the upper digestive tract of asymptomatic Venezuelan subjects: detection of Helicobacter cetorum-like and Candidatus Wolinella africanus-like DNA. Helicobacter 12: 553–558.
Abrante L, Reyes N, García-Amado MA, Suárez P, Romero R, Michelangeli F, Contreras M, 2012. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by PCR in gastric juice and gastroesophageal biopsies from dyspeptic patients. Invest Clin 53: 168–177.
Velapatiño B, Balqui J, Gilman RH, Bussalleu A, Quino W, Finger SA, Santivañez L, Herrera P, Piscoya A, Valdivia J, Cok J, Berg DE, 2006. Validation of string test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections. J Clin Microbiol 44: 976–980.
Hatakeyama M, 2014. Helicobacter pylori CagA and gastric cancer: a paradigm for hit-and-run carcinogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 15: 306–316.
Contreras M, Pujol FH, Pérez-Pérez GI, Marini E, Michelangeli FA, Ponce L, Domínguez-Bello MG, 2008. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in Amerindians from isolated locations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 574–576.
Ortiz D, Cavazza ME, Rodriguez O, Hagel I, Correnti M, Convit J, 2003. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Warao lineage communities of Delta Amacuro State, Venezuela. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 98: 721–725.
Germani Y, Dauga C, Duval P, Huerre M, Levy M, Pialoux G, Sansonetti P, Grimont PA, 1997. Strategy for the detection of Helicobacter species by amplification of 16S rRNA genes and identification of H. felis in a human gastric biopsy. Res Microbiol 148: 315–326.
Altman DG, 1991. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London, United Kingdom: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Bani-Hani KE, Shatnawi NJ, El Qaderi S, Khader YS, Bani-Hani BK, 2006. Prevalence and risk factors of Helicobacter pylori infection in healthy schoolchildren. Chin J Dig Dis 7: 55–60.
Abdallaha TM, Mohammedb HB, Mohammedc MH, Abdalla Alia AA, 2014. Sero-prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection in eastern Sudan. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 4: 115–119.
Ghose C, Perez-Perez GI, Dominguez-Bello MG, Pride DT, Bravi CM, Blaser MJ, 2002. East Asian genotypes of Helicobacter pylori strains in Amerindians provide evidence for its ancient human carriage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 15107–15111.
Ghose C, Perez-Perez GI, van Doorn LJ, Domínguez-Bello MG, Blaser MJ, 2005. High frequency of gastric colonization with multiple Helicobacter pylori strains in Venezuelan subjects. J Clin Microbiol 43: 2635–2641.
Chiurillo MA, Moran Y, Cañas M, Valderrama E, Granda N, Sayegh M, Ramírez JL, 2013. Genotyping of Helicobacter pylori virulence-associated genes shows high diversity of strains infecting patients in western Venezuela. Int J Infect Dis 17: e750–e756.
Nilsson C, Sillén A, Eriksson L, Strand ML, Enroth H, Normark S, Falk P, Engstrand L, 2003. Correlation between cag pathogenicity island composition and Helicobacter pylori associated gastroduodenal disease. Infect Immun 71: 6573–6581.
Lima VP, de Lima MA, Ferreira MV, Barros MA, Rabenhorst SH, 2010. The relationship between Helicobacter pylori genes cagE and virB11 and gastric cancer. Int J Infect Dis 14: e613–e617.
Domínguez-Bello MG, Beker B, Guelrud M, Vivas J, Peraza S, Pérez ME, Pericchi LR, 2002. Short report: socioeconomic and seasonal variations of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients in Venezuela. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 49–51.
Yakoob J, Abbas Z, Khan R, Naz S, Ahmad Z, Islam M, Awan S, Jafri F, Jafri W, 2012. Prevalence of non Helicobacter pylori species in patients presenting with dyspepsia. BMC Gastroenterol 12: 3.
Okiyama Y, Matsuzawa K, Hidaka E, Sano K, Akamatsu T, Ota H, 2005. Helicobacter heilmannii infection: clinical, endoscopic and histopathological features in Japanese patients. Pathol Int 55: 398–404.
Yali Z, Yamada N, Wen M, Matsuhisa T, Miki M, 1998. Gastrospirillum hominis and Helicobacter pylori infection in Thai individuals: comparison of histopathological changes of gastric mucosa. Pathol Int 48: 507–511.
Flahou B, Haesebrouck F, Smet A, Yonezawa H, Osaki T, Kamiya S, 2013. Gastric and enterohepatic non-Helicobacter pylori helicobacters. Helicobacter 18: 66–72.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1693 | 1577 | 416 |
Full Text Views | 255 | 4 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 83 | 4 | 0 |