Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Engels D, Chitsulo L, Montresor A, Savioli L, 2002. The global epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis and new approaches to control and research. Acta Trop 82: 139–146.
-
2.
Schur N, Hurlimann E, Garba A, Traore MS, Ndir O, Ratard RC, Tchuem Tchuente LA, Kristensen TK, Utzinger J, Vounatsou P, 2011. Geostatistical model-based estimates of schistosomiasis prevalence among individuals aged ≤ 20 years in west Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1194.
-
3.
Schur N, Hurlimann E, Stensgaard AS, Chimfwembe K, Mushinge G, Simoonga C, Kabatereine NB, Kristensen TK, Utzinger J, Vounatsou P, 2013. Spatially explicit Schistosoma infection risk in eastern Africa using Bayesian geostatistical modelling. Acta Trop 128: 365–377.
-
4.
Mutapi F, 2011. Improving diagnosis of urogenital schistosome infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 9: 863–865.
-
5.
Hueper WC, 1969. Occupational and Environmental Cancers of the Urinary System. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
-
6.
Makar N, 1955. Urological Aspects of Bilharziasis in Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: Société Orientale de Publicité.
-
7.
Chen MG, Mott KE, 1989. Progress in assessment of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Trop Dis Bull 86: R1–R36.
-
8.
Sayegh ES, Dimmette RM, 1956. The fibrotic contracted urinary bladder associated with schistosomiasis and chronic ulceration: a clinicopathological study including treatment. J Urol 75: 671–679.
-
9.
Forsyth DM, Bradley DJ, McMahon J, 1970. Death attributed to kidney failure in communities with endemic urinary schistosomiasis. Lancet 2: 472–473.
-
10.
WHO, 1994. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
11.
WHO, 2006. Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
12.
Hatz C, Mayombana C, de Savigny D, MacPherson CNL, Koella JC, Degremont A, 1990. Ultrasound scanning for detecting morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium and its resolution following treatment with different doses of praziquantel. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84: 84–88.
-
13.
Houston S, 1991. Ultrasound: appropriate technology for tropical field work. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 321–323.
-
14.
Abdel-Wahab MF, Ramzy I, Esmat G, el Kafass H, Strickland GT, 1992. Ultrasound for detecting Schistosoma haematobium urinary tract complications: comparison with radiographic procedures. J Urol 148: 346–350.
-
15.
Doehring-Schwerdtfeger E, Kaiser C, Schlake J, Abdel-Rahim IM, Mohamed-Ali Q, Richter J, Franke D, Kardorff R, Elsheikh M, Ehrich JH, 1992. Ultrasound versus clinical examination as indication for Schistosoma mansoni associated morbidity in children. Trop Med Parasitol 43: 245–248.
-
16.
King CH, 2002. Ultrasound monitoring of structural urinary tract disease in S. haematobium infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97 (Suppl 1): 149–152.
-
17.
Richter J, Hatz C, Campagne G, Bergquist NR, Jenkins JM, 2000. Ultrasound in Schistosomiasis: A Practical Guide to the Standardized Use of Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Schistosomiasis-Related Morbidity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
18.
Clennon JA, King CH, Muchiri EM, Kariuki HC, Ouma JH, Mungai P, Kitron U, 2004. Spatial patterns of urinary schistosomiasis infection in a highly endemic area of coastal Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 443–448.
-
19.
King CH, Blanton RE, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Mungai P, Magak P, Kadzo H, Ireri E, Koech D, 2004. Low heritable component of risk for infection intensity and infection-associated disease in urinary schistosomiasis among Wadigo village populations in Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 57–62.
-
20.
Peters PAS, Mahmoud AAF, Warren KS, Ouma JH, Siongok TKA, 1976. Field studies of a rapid, accurate means of quantifying Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine samples. Bull World Health Organ 54: 159–162.
-
21.
King CH, Lombardi G, Lombardi C, Greenblatt R, Hodder S, Kinyanjui H, Ouma J, Odiambo O, Bryan PJ, Muruka J, Magak P, Weinert D, Mackay W, Ransohoff D, Houser H, Koech D, Siongok TK, Mahmoud AAF, 1988. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. I. Metrifonate versus praziquantel in control of intensity and prevalence of infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39: 295–305.
-
22.
King CH, Muchiri EM, Mungai P, Ouma JH, Kadzo H, Magak P, Koech D, 2002. Randomized comparison of low-dose versus standard-dose praziquantel therapy in treatment of urinary tract morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 725–730.
-
23.
Magak P, King CH, Ireri E, Kadzo H, Ouma JH, Muchiri EM, 2004. High prevalence of ectopic kidney in Coast Province, Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 9: 595–600.
-
24.
Lucas AO, Adeniyi-Jones CC, Cockshott WP, Gilles HM, 1966. Radiological changes after medical treatment of vesical schistosomiasis. Lancet 1: 631–633.
-
25.
Davis A, 1966. Radiological changes after treatment of vesical schistosomiasis [letter]. Lancet ii: 546.
-
26.
Farid Z, Bassily S, McConnell E, Schulert A, Sabour M, Abdel Wahab MF, 1967. Symptomatic, radiological, and functional improvement following treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in Egypt. Lancet 2: 1110–1113.
-
27.
Macdonald G, Forsyth DM, Rashid C, 1968. Urological complications of endemic schistosomiasis in schoolchildren. 4. As modified by treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 62: 775–781.
-
28.
Pugh RN, Gilles HM, 1979. Malumfashi Endemic Disease Research Project, VIII. Follow-up intravenous urograms of boys infected with Schistosoma haematobium from the Malumfashi area. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 73: 191–192.
-
29.
Doehring E, Reider F, Schmidt-Ehry G, Ehrich JH, 1985. Reduction of pathological findings in urine and bladder lesions in infection with Schistosoma haematobium after treatment with praziquantel. J Infect Dis 152: 807–810.
-
30.
Doehring E, Ehrich JHH, Bremer HJ, 1986. Reversibility of urinary tract abnormalities due to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Kidney Int 30: 582–585.
-
31.
King CH, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, 1992. Age-targeted chemotherapy for control of urinary schistosomiasis in endemic populations. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87: 203–210.
-
32.
Kardorff R, Traore M, Doehring-Schwerdtfeger E, Vester U, Ehrich JH, 1994. Ultrasonography of ureteric abnormalities induced by Schistosoma haematobium infection before and after praziquantel treatment. Br J Urol 74: 703–709.
-
33.
Medhat A, Zarzour A, Nafeh M, Shata T, Sweifie Y, Attia M, Helmy A, Shehata M, Zaki S, Mikhail N, Ibrahim S, King CL, Strickland GT, 1997. Evaluation of an ultrasonographic score for urinary bladder morbidity in Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57: 16–19.
-
34.
Delegue P, Picquet M, Shaw DJ, Vercruysse J, Sambou B, Ly A, 1998. Morbidity induced by Schistosoma haematobium infections, as assessed by ultrasound before and after treatment with praziquantel, in a recently expanded focus (Senegal River basin). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 775–783.
-
35.
Hatz CF, Vennervald BJ, Nkulila T, Vounatsou P, Kombe Y, Mayombana C, Mshinda H, Tanner M, 1998. Evolution of Schistosoma haematobium-related pathology over 24 months after treatment with praziquantel among school children in southeastern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 775–781.
-
36.
Wagatsuma Y, Aryeetey ME, Sack DA, Morrow RH, Hatz C, Kojima S, 1999. Resolution and resurgence of Schistosoma haematobium-induced pathology after community-based chemotherapy in Ghana, as detected by ultrasound. J Infect Dis 179: 1515–1522.
-
37.
Garba A, Campagne G, Tassie JM, Barkire A, Vera C, Sellin B, Chippaux JP, 2004. Long-term impact of a mass treatment by praziquantel on morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium in two hyperendemic villages of Niger. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 97: 7–11.
-
38.
Ekwunife CA, Okafor FC, Nwaorgu OC, 2009. Ultrasonographic screening of urinary schistosomiasis infected patients in Agulu community, Anambra state, southeast Nigeria. Int Arch Med 2: 34.
-
39.
King CH, Lombardi G, Lombardi C, Greenblatt R, Hodder S, Kinyanjui H, Ouma J, Odiambo O, Bryan PJ, Muruka J, Magak P, Weinert D, Mackay W, Ransohoff D, Houser H, Koech D, Siongok TK, Mahmoud AAF, 1990. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. II. Metrifonate vs. praziquantel in control of infection-associated morbidity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 42: 587–595.
-
40.
Smith JH, Christie JD, 1986. The pathobiology of Schistosoma haematobium infection in humans. Hum Pathol 17: 333–345.
-
41.
Bustinduy AL, Sutherland LJ, Chang-Cojulun A, Malhotra I, DuVall AS, Fairley JK, Mungai PL, Muchiri EM, Mutuku F, Kitron U, King CH, 2015. Age-stratified profiles of serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α cytokines among Kenyan children having Schistosoma haematobium, Plasmodium falciparum, and other chronic parasitic co-infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg (in press).
-
42.
Lehman JS Jr, Farid Z, Bassily S, 1970. Mortality in urinary schistosomiasis. Lancet 2: 822–823.
-
43.
Kjetland EF, Mduluza T, Ndhlovu PD, Gomo E, Gwanzura L, Midzi N, Mason PR, Friis H, Gundersen SG, 2006. Genital schistosomiasis in women: a clinical 12-month in vivo study following treatment with praziquantel. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 740–752.
-
44.
Leutscher P, Ramarokoto CE, Reimert C, Feldmeier H, Esterre P, Vennervald BJ, 2000. Community-based study of genital schistosomiasis in men from Madagascar [letter]. Lancet 355: 117–118.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 22 | 22 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 265 | 87 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 54 | 12 | 0 |
Case–Control Study of Posttreatment Regression of Urinary Tract Morbidity Among Adults in Schistosoma haematobium–Endemic Communities in Kwale County, Kenya
Philip Magak
Philip Magak
Department of Radiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for other papers by Philip Magak in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Philip Magak in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Alicia Chang-Cojulun
Alicia Chang-Cojulun
Department of Radiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for other papers by Alicia Chang-Cojulun in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Alicia Chang-Cojulun in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Hilda Kadzo
Hilda Kadzo
Department of Radiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for other papers by Hilda Kadzo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Hilda Kadzo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Edmund Ireri
Edmund Ireri
Department of Radiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for other papers by Edmund Ireri in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Edmund Ireri in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Eric Muchiri
Eric Muchiri
Department of Radiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for other papers by Eric Muchiri in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Eric Muchiri in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Uriel Kitron
Uriel Kitron
Department of Radiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for other papers by Uriel Kitron in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Uriel Kitron in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Charles H. King
Charles H. King
Department of Radiology, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio; Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya; Division of Vector Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Search for other papers by Charles H. King in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Charles H. King in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Previous population-based studies have examined treatment impact on Schistosoma-associated urinary tract disease among children, but much less is known about longer-term treatment benefits for affected adult populations in areas where risk of recurrent infection is high. In communities in Msambweni, along the Kenya coast, we identified, using a portable ultrasound, 77 adults (aged 17–85) with moderate-to-severe obstructive uropathy or bladder disease due to Schistosoma haematobium. Treatment response was assessed by repeat ultrasound 1–2 years after praziquantel (PZQ) therapy and compared with interval changes among age- and sex-matched infected/treated control subjects who did not have urinary tract abnormalities at the time of initial examination. Of the 77 affected adults, 62 (81%) had improvement in bladder and/or kidney scores after treatment, 14 (18%) had no change, and one (1.3%) had progression of disease. Of the 77 controls, 75 (97%) remained disease free by ultrasound, while two (3%) had apparent progression with abnormal findings on follow-up examination. We conclude that PZQ therapy for S. haematobium is effective in significantly reducing urinary tract morbidity from urogenital schistosomiasis among adult age groups, and affected adults stand to benefit from inclusion in mass treatment campaigns.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health under grants AI-45473 (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) and TW/ES01543 (Fogarty International Center).
Authors' addresses: Philip Magak, City X-Ray Services, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: magakpw@yahoo.com. Alicia Chang-Cojulun, Unidad De Oncologia Pediatrica (UNOP), Guatemala City, Guatemala, E-mail: aliciachc18@gmail.com. Hilda Kadzo, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: hildakadzo@yahoo.com. Edmund Ireri, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: eikareko@hotmail.com. Eric Muchiri, Meru University of Science and Technology, Meru, Kenya, E-mail: ericmmuchiri@gmail.com. Uriel Kitron, Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ukitron@emory.edu. Charles H. King, Center for Global Health and Diseases, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, E-mail: chk@cwru.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Engels D, Chitsulo L, Montresor A, Savioli L, 2002. The global epidemiological situation of schistosomiasis and new approaches to control and research. Acta Trop 82: 139–146.
-
2.
Schur N, Hurlimann E, Garba A, Traore MS, Ndir O, Ratard RC, Tchuem Tchuente LA, Kristensen TK, Utzinger J, Vounatsou P, 2011. Geostatistical model-based estimates of schistosomiasis prevalence among individuals aged ≤ 20 years in west Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1194.
-
3.
Schur N, Hurlimann E, Stensgaard AS, Chimfwembe K, Mushinge G, Simoonga C, Kabatereine NB, Kristensen TK, Utzinger J, Vounatsou P, 2013. Spatially explicit Schistosoma infection risk in eastern Africa using Bayesian geostatistical modelling. Acta Trop 128: 365–377.
-
4.
Mutapi F, 2011. Improving diagnosis of urogenital schistosome infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 9: 863–865.
-
5.
Hueper WC, 1969. Occupational and Environmental Cancers of the Urinary System. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
-
6.
Makar N, 1955. Urological Aspects of Bilharziasis in Egypt. Cairo, Egypt: Société Orientale de Publicité.
-
7.
Chen MG, Mott KE, 1989. Progress in assessment of morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Trop Dis Bull 86: R1–R36.
-
8.
Sayegh ES, Dimmette RM, 1956. The fibrotic contracted urinary bladder associated with schistosomiasis and chronic ulceration: a clinicopathological study including treatment. J Urol 75: 671–679.
-
9.
Forsyth DM, Bradley DJ, McMahon J, 1970. Death attributed to kidney failure in communities with endemic urinary schistosomiasis. Lancet 2: 472–473.
-
10.
WHO, 1994. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Schistosomes, Liver Flukes and Helicobacter pylori. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
11.
WHO, 2006. Preventive Chemotherapy in Human Helminthiasis: Coordinated Use of Anthelminthic Drugs in Control Interventions: A Manual for Health Professionals and Programme Managers. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
12.
Hatz C, Mayombana C, de Savigny D, MacPherson CNL, Koella JC, Degremont A, 1990. Ultrasound scanning for detecting morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium and its resolution following treatment with different doses of praziquantel. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 84: 84–88.
-
13.
Houston S, 1991. Ultrasound: appropriate technology for tropical field work. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 85: 321–323.
-
14.
Abdel-Wahab MF, Ramzy I, Esmat G, el Kafass H, Strickland GT, 1992. Ultrasound for detecting Schistosoma haematobium urinary tract complications: comparison with radiographic procedures. J Urol 148: 346–350.
-
15.
Doehring-Schwerdtfeger E, Kaiser C, Schlake J, Abdel-Rahim IM, Mohamed-Ali Q, Richter J, Franke D, Kardorff R, Elsheikh M, Ehrich JH, 1992. Ultrasound versus clinical examination as indication for Schistosoma mansoni associated morbidity in children. Trop Med Parasitol 43: 245–248.
-
16.
King CH, 2002. Ultrasound monitoring of structural urinary tract disease in S. haematobium infection. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 97 (Suppl 1): 149–152.
-
17.
Richter J, Hatz C, Campagne G, Bergquist NR, Jenkins JM, 2000. Ultrasound in Schistosomiasis: A Practical Guide to the Standardized Use of Ultrasonography for the Assessment of Schistosomiasis-Related Morbidity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
18.
Clennon JA, King CH, Muchiri EM, Kariuki HC, Ouma JH, Mungai P, Kitron U, 2004. Spatial patterns of urinary schistosomiasis infection in a highly endemic area of coastal Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 443–448.
-
19.
King CH, Blanton RE, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, Kariuki HC, Mungai P, Magak P, Kadzo H, Ireri E, Koech D, 2004. Low heritable component of risk for infection intensity and infection-associated disease in urinary schistosomiasis among Wadigo village populations in Coast Province, Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 57–62.
-
20.
Peters PAS, Mahmoud AAF, Warren KS, Ouma JH, Siongok TKA, 1976. Field studies of a rapid, accurate means of quantifying Schistosoma haematobium eggs in urine samples. Bull World Health Organ 54: 159–162.
-
21.
King CH, Lombardi G, Lombardi C, Greenblatt R, Hodder S, Kinyanjui H, Ouma J, Odiambo O, Bryan PJ, Muruka J, Magak P, Weinert D, Mackay W, Ransohoff D, Houser H, Koech D, Siongok TK, Mahmoud AAF, 1988. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. I. Metrifonate versus praziquantel in control of intensity and prevalence of infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 39: 295–305.
-
22.
King CH, Muchiri EM, Mungai P, Ouma JH, Kadzo H, Magak P, Koech D, 2002. Randomized comparison of low-dose versus standard-dose praziquantel therapy in treatment of urinary tract morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 725–730.
-
23.
Magak P, King CH, Ireri E, Kadzo H, Ouma JH, Muchiri EM, 2004. High prevalence of ectopic kidney in Coast Province, Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 9: 595–600.
-
24.
Lucas AO, Adeniyi-Jones CC, Cockshott WP, Gilles HM, 1966. Radiological changes after medical treatment of vesical schistosomiasis. Lancet 1: 631–633.
-
25.
Davis A, 1966. Radiological changes after treatment of vesical schistosomiasis [letter]. Lancet ii: 546.
-
26.
Farid Z, Bassily S, McConnell E, Schulert A, Sabour M, Abdel Wahab MF, 1967. Symptomatic, radiological, and functional improvement following treatment of urinary schistosomiasis in Egypt. Lancet 2: 1110–1113.
-
27.
Macdonald G, Forsyth DM, Rashid C, 1968. Urological complications of endemic schistosomiasis in schoolchildren. 4. As modified by treatment. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 62: 775–781.
-
28.
Pugh RN, Gilles HM, 1979. Malumfashi Endemic Disease Research Project, VIII. Follow-up intravenous urograms of boys infected with Schistosoma haematobium from the Malumfashi area. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 73: 191–192.
-
29.
Doehring E, Reider F, Schmidt-Ehry G, Ehrich JH, 1985. Reduction of pathological findings in urine and bladder lesions in infection with Schistosoma haematobium after treatment with praziquantel. J Infect Dis 152: 807–810.
-
30.
Doehring E, Ehrich JHH, Bremer HJ, 1986. Reversibility of urinary tract abnormalities due to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Kidney Int 30: 582–585.
-
31.
King CH, Muchiri EM, Ouma JH, 1992. Age-targeted chemotherapy for control of urinary schistosomiasis in endemic populations. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 87: 203–210.
-
32.
Kardorff R, Traore M, Doehring-Schwerdtfeger E, Vester U, Ehrich JH, 1994. Ultrasonography of ureteric abnormalities induced by Schistosoma haematobium infection before and after praziquantel treatment. Br J Urol 74: 703–709.
-
33.
Medhat A, Zarzour A, Nafeh M, Shata T, Sweifie Y, Attia M, Helmy A, Shehata M, Zaki S, Mikhail N, Ibrahim S, King CL, Strickland GT, 1997. Evaluation of an ultrasonographic score for urinary bladder morbidity in Schistosoma haematobium infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57: 16–19.
-
34.
Delegue P, Picquet M, Shaw DJ, Vercruysse J, Sambou B, Ly A, 1998. Morbidity induced by Schistosoma haematobium infections, as assessed by ultrasound before and after treatment with praziquantel, in a recently expanded focus (Senegal River basin). Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 775–783.
-
35.
Hatz CF, Vennervald BJ, Nkulila T, Vounatsou P, Kombe Y, Mayombana C, Mshinda H, Tanner M, 1998. Evolution of Schistosoma haematobium-related pathology over 24 months after treatment with praziquantel among school children in southeastern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 775–781.
-
36.
Wagatsuma Y, Aryeetey ME, Sack DA, Morrow RH, Hatz C, Kojima S, 1999. Resolution and resurgence of Schistosoma haematobium-induced pathology after community-based chemotherapy in Ghana, as detected by ultrasound. J Infect Dis 179: 1515–1522.
-
37.
Garba A, Campagne G, Tassie JM, Barkire A, Vera C, Sellin B, Chippaux JP, 2004. Long-term impact of a mass treatment by praziquantel on morbidity due to Schistosoma haematobium in two hyperendemic villages of Niger. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 97: 7–11.
-
38.
Ekwunife CA, Okafor FC, Nwaorgu OC, 2009. Ultrasonographic screening of urinary schistosomiasis infected patients in Agulu community, Anambra state, southeast Nigeria. Int Arch Med 2: 34.
-
39.
King CH, Lombardi G, Lombardi C, Greenblatt R, Hodder S, Kinyanjui H, Ouma J, Odiambo O, Bryan PJ, Muruka J, Magak P, Weinert D, Mackay W, Ransohoff D, Houser H, Koech D, Siongok TK, Mahmoud AAF, 1990. Chemotherapy-based control of schistosomiasis haematobia. II. Metrifonate vs. praziquantel in control of infection-associated morbidity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 42: 587–595.
-
40.
Smith JH, Christie JD, 1986. The pathobiology of Schistosoma haematobium infection in humans. Hum Pathol 17: 333–345.
-
41.
Bustinduy AL, Sutherland LJ, Chang-Cojulun A, Malhotra I, DuVall AS, Fairley JK, Mungai PL, Muchiri EM, Mutuku F, Kitron U, King CH, 2015. Age-stratified profiles of serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α cytokines among Kenyan children having Schistosoma haematobium, Plasmodium falciparum, and other chronic parasitic co-infections. Am J Trop Med Hyg (in press).
-
42.
Lehman JS Jr, Farid Z, Bassily S, 1970. Mortality in urinary schistosomiasis. Lancet 2: 822–823.
-
43.
Kjetland EF, Mduluza T, Ndhlovu PD, Gomo E, Gwanzura L, Midzi N, Mason PR, Friis H, Gundersen SG, 2006. Genital schistosomiasis in women: a clinical 12-month in vivo study following treatment with praziquantel. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 100: 740–752.
-
44.
Leutscher P, Ramarokoto CE, Reimert C, Feldmeier H, Esterre P, Vennervald BJ, 2000. Community-based study of genital schistosomiasis in men from Madagascar [letter]. Lancet 355: 117–118.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 22 | 22 | 4 |
| Full Text Views | 265 | 87 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 54 | 12 | 0 |