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Trichinellosis in Vietnam
Trichinellosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a worldwide distribution. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological and clinical data of five outbreaks of trichinellosis, which affected ethnic minorities living in remote mountainous areas of northwestern Vietnam from 1970 to 2012. Trichinellosis was diagnosed in 126 patients, of which 11 (8.7%) were hospitalized and 8 (6.3%) died. All infected people had consumed raw pork from backyard and roaming pigs or wild boar at wedding, funeral, or New Year parties. The short incubation period (average of 9.5 days), the severity of the symptoms, which were characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, myalgia, edema, weight loss, itch, and lisping, and the high mortality, suggest that patients had ingested a high number of larvae. The larval burden in pigs examined in one of the outbreaks ranged from 70 to 879 larvae/g. These larvae and those collected from a muscle biopsy taken from a patient from the 2012 outbreak were identified as Trichinella spiralis. Data presented in this work show that the northern regions of Vietnam are endemic areas for Trichinella infections in domestic pigs and humans.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED), Vietnam Grant 106-YS.05-2014.08 (to N.V.D.) and the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam. Furthermore, this work was funded by the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, and the Directorate General for Health and Consumers of the European Commission for the European Union Reference Laboratory, Istituto Superiore di Sanità.
Authors' addresses: Nguyen Van De and Pham Ngoc Minh, Hanoi Medical University of Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mails: ngvdeyhn@gmail.com and phamngocminhyhn@yahoo.com. Vu Thi Nga, Parasitology Section, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnosis, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mail: ngancvd@gmail.com. Pierre Dorny, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, E-mail: pdorny@itg.be. Nguyen Vu Trung, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mail: nvutrung@fpt.vn. Do Trung Dung, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam, E-mail: dotrungdung.nimpe.vn@gmail.com. Edoardo Pozio, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy, E-mail: edoardo.pozio@iss.it.