Author:
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Reference Manager
BibTeX
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-
1.
Boatin BA, Basanez MG, Prichard RK, Awadzi K, Barakat RM, Garcia HH, Gazzinelli A, Grant WN, McCarthy JS, N'Goran EK, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Sripa B, Yang GJ, Lustigman S, 2012. A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: towards control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1547.
-
2.
Bergquist R, Johansen MV, Utzinger J, 2009. Diagnostic dilemmas in helminthology: what tools to use and when? Trends Parasitol 25: 151–156.
-
3.
WHO, 2011. Helminth Control in School Age Children: A Guide for Managers of Control Programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
4.
Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J, 1972. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14: 397–400.
-
5.
Kongs A, Marks G, Verle P, Van der Stuyft P, 2001. The unreliability of the Kato-Katz technique limits its usefulness for evaluating S. mansoni infections. Trop Med Int Health 6: 163–169.
-
6.
Barreto ML, Silva JT, Mott KE, Lehman JS Jr, 1978. Stability of faecal egg excretion in Schistosoma mansoni infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 72: 181–187.
-
7.
Berhe N, Medhin G, Erko B, Smith T, Gedamu S, Bereded D, Moore R, Habte E, Redda A, Gebre-Michael T, Gundersen SG, 2004. Variations in helminth faecal egg counts in Kato-Katz thick smears and their implications in assessing infection status with Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 92: 205–212.
-
8.
Teesdale CH, Fahringer K, Chitsulo L, 1985. Egg count variability and sensitivity of a thin smear technique for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79: 369–373.
-
9.
Knopp S, Mgeni AF, Khamis IS, Steinmann P, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, Marti H, Utzinger J, 2008. Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e331.
-
10.
Solomon AW, Engels D, Bailey RL, Blake IM, Brooker S, Chen JX, Chen JH, Churcher TS, Drakeley CJ, Edwards T, Fenwick A, French M, Gabrielli AF, Grassly NC, Harding-Esch EM, Holland MJ, Koukounari A, Lammie PJ, Leslie J, Mabey DC, Rhajaoui M, Secor WE, Stothard JR, Wei H, Willingham AL, Zhou XN, Peeling RW, 2012. A diagnostics platform for the integrated mapping, monitoring, and surveillance of neglected tropical diseases: rationale and target product profiles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1746.
-
11.
Enk MJ, Lima AC, Drummond SC, Schall VT, Coelho PM, 2008. The effect of the number of stool samples on the observed prevalence and the infection intensity with Schistosoma mansoni among a population in an area of low transmission. Acta Trop 108: 222–228.
-
12.
van Etten L, Folman CC, Eggelte TA, Kremsner PG, Deelder AM, 1994. Rapid diagnosis of schistosomiasis by antigen detection in urine with a reagent strip. J Clin Microbiol 32: 2404–2406.
-
13.
Obeng BB, Aryeetey YA, de Dood CJ, Amoah AS, Larbi IA, Deelder AM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Hartgers FC, Boakye DA, Verweij JJ, van Dam GJ, van Lieshout L, 2008. Application of a circulating-cathodic-antigen (CCA) strip test and real-time PCR, in comparison with microscopy, for the detection of Schistosoma haematobium in urine samples from Ghana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 625–633.
-
14.
Colley DG, Binder S, Campbell C, King CH, Tchuem Tchuente LA, N'Goran EK, Erko B, Karanja DM, Kabatereine NB, van Lieshout L, Rathbun S, 2013. A five-country evaluation of a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen urine assay for the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 426–432.
-
15.
Coulibaly JT, Knopp S, N'Guessan NA, Silue KD, Furst T, Lohourignon LK, Brou JK, N'Gbesso YK, Vounatsou P, N'Goran EK, Utzinger J, 2011. Accuracy of urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) test for Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis in different settings of Cote d'Ivoire. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1384.
-
16.
Coulibaly JT, N'Gbesso YK, Knopp S, N'Guessan NA, Silue KD, van Dam GJ, N'Goran EK, Utzinger J, 2013. Accuracy of urine circulating cathodic antigen test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in preschool-aged children before and after treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2109.
-
17.
Stothard JR, Kabatereine NB, Tukahebwa EM, Kazibwe F, Rollinson D, Mathieson W, Webster JP, Fenwick A, 2006. Use of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks for detection of intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 97: 219–228.
-
18.
Legesse M, Erko B, 2007. Field-based evaluation of a reagent strip test for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni by detecting circulating cathodic antigen in urine before and after chemotherapy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 668–673.
-
19.
Tchuem Tchuente LA, Kuete Fouodo CJ, Kamwa Ngassam RI, Sumo L, Dongmo Noumedem C, Kenfack CM, Gipwe NF, Nana ED, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, 2012. Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-tests for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection in Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1758.
-
20.
Ayele B, Erko B, Legesse M, Hailu A, Medhin G, 2008. Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) strip for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Hassoba school children, Afar, Ethiopia. Parasite 15: 69–75.
-
21.
Drummond MF, 1997. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
-
22.
Johns B, Baltussen R, Hutubessy R, 2003. Programme costs in the economic evaluation of health interventions. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 1: 1.
-
23.
Foo KT, Blackstock AJ, Ochola EA, Matete DO, Mwinzi PNM, Montgomery SP, Karanja DMS, Secor WE, 2015. Evaluation of point-of-contact circulating cathodic antigen assays for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in low-, moderate-, and high-prevalence schools. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1227–1232.
-
24.
WHO, 2006. Preventative Chemotheraphy in Human Helminthiasis. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
25.
Office of the Prime Minister, 2008. New Salary Scale for Civil Servants. Nairobi, Republic of Kenya: Ministry of State for Public Service.
-
26.
WHO, 2002. Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
27.
Kolaczinski J, Hanson K, 2006. Costing the distribution of insecticide-treated nets: a review of cost and cost-effectiveness studies to provide guidance on standardization of costing methodology. Malar J 5: 37.
-
28.
Kolaczinski JH, Hanson K, Robinson E, Picon D, Sabasio A, Mpakateni M, Lado M, Moore S, Petty N, Brooker S, 2010. Integrated surveys of neglected tropical diseases in southern Sudan: how much do they cost and can they be refined? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e745.
-
29.
Speich B, Knopp S, Mohammed KA, Khamis IS, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Rollinson D, Utzinger J, 2010. Comparative cost assessment of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques for soil-transmitted helminth diagnosis in epidemiological surveys. Parasit Vectors 3: 71.
-
30.
Adriko M, Standley CJ, Tinkitina B, Tukahebwa EM, Fenwick A, Fleming FM, Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Stothard JR, Kabatereine NB, 2014. Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-cassette assay as a survey tool for Schistosoma mansoni in different transmission settings within Bugiri District, Uganda. Acta Trop 136: 50–57.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 66 | 66 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 618 | 301 | 0 |
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Cost Analysis of Tests for the Detection of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Children in Western Kenya
Caitlin M. Worrell
Caitlin M. Worrell
Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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Monina Bartoces
Monina Bartoces
Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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Diana M. S. Karanja
Diana M. S. Karanja
Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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Elizabeth A. Ochola
Elizabeth A. Ochola
Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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Daniel O. Matete
Daniel O. Matete
Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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Pauline N. M. Mwinzi
Pauline N. M. Mwinzi
Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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Susan P. Montgomery
Susan P. Montgomery
Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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W. Evan Secor
W. Evan Secor
Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
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Financial resources tend to be limited in schistosomiasis endemic areas, forcing program managers to balance financial and scientific considerations when selecting detection assays. Therefore, we compared the costs of using single stool Kato-Katz, triplicate stool Kato-Katz, and point-of-contact circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) assays for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection. Economic and financial costs were estimated from the viewpoint of a schistosomiasis control program using the ingredients approach. Costs related to specimen collection, sample processing and analysis, and treatment delivery were considered. Analysis inputs and assumptions were tested using one-way and two-way sensitivity analysis. The total per-person cost of performing the single Kato-Katz, triplicate Kato-Katz, and POC-CCA was US$6.89, US$17.54, and US$7.26, respectively. Major cost drivers included labor, transportation, and supplies. In addition, we provide a costing tool to guide program managers in evaluating detection costs in specific settings, as costs may vary temporally and spatially.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study received financial support from The University of Georgia Research foundation that is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and also by USAID-supported NTD control activities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Authors' addresses: Caitlin M. Worrell, Susan P. Montgomery, and W. Evan Secor, Parasitic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: cworrell@cdc.gov, zqu6@cdc.gov, and was4@cdc.gov. Monina Bartoces, Data Management Activity, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: jze8@cdc.gov. Diana M. S. Karanja, Elizabeth A. Ochola, Daniel O. Matete, and Pauline N. M. Mwinzi, Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya, E-mails: dkaranja@kemricdc.org, eakinyi@kemricdc.org, dmatete@kemricdc.org, and pmwinzi@kemricdc.org.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Boatin BA, Basanez MG, Prichard RK, Awadzi K, Barakat RM, Garcia HH, Gazzinelli A, Grant WN, McCarthy JS, N'Goran EK, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Sripa B, Yang GJ, Lustigman S, 2012. A research agenda for helminth diseases of humans: towards control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1547.
-
2.
Bergquist R, Johansen MV, Utzinger J, 2009. Diagnostic dilemmas in helminthology: what tools to use and when? Trends Parasitol 25: 151–156.
-
3.
WHO, 2011. Helminth Control in School Age Children: A Guide for Managers of Control Programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
4.
Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J, 1972. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14: 397–400.
-
5.
Kongs A, Marks G, Verle P, Van der Stuyft P, 2001. The unreliability of the Kato-Katz technique limits its usefulness for evaluating S. mansoni infections. Trop Med Int Health 6: 163–169.
-
6.
Barreto ML, Silva JT, Mott KE, Lehman JS Jr, 1978. Stability of faecal egg excretion in Schistosoma mansoni infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 72: 181–187.
-
7.
Berhe N, Medhin G, Erko B, Smith T, Gedamu S, Bereded D, Moore R, Habte E, Redda A, Gebre-Michael T, Gundersen SG, 2004. Variations in helminth faecal egg counts in Kato-Katz thick smears and their implications in assessing infection status with Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 92: 205–212.
-
8.
Teesdale CH, Fahringer K, Chitsulo L, 1985. Egg count variability and sensitivity of a thin smear technique for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 79: 369–373.
-
9.
Knopp S, Mgeni AF, Khamis IS, Steinmann P, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, Marti H, Utzinger J, 2008. Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths in the era of preventive chemotherapy: effect of multiple stool sampling and use of different diagnostic techniques. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e331.
-
10.
Solomon AW, Engels D, Bailey RL, Blake IM, Brooker S, Chen JX, Chen JH, Churcher TS, Drakeley CJ, Edwards T, Fenwick A, French M, Gabrielli AF, Grassly NC, Harding-Esch EM, Holland MJ, Koukounari A, Lammie PJ, Leslie J, Mabey DC, Rhajaoui M, Secor WE, Stothard JR, Wei H, Willingham AL, Zhou XN, Peeling RW, 2012. A diagnostics platform for the integrated mapping, monitoring, and surveillance of neglected tropical diseases: rationale and target product profiles. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1746.
-
11.
Enk MJ, Lima AC, Drummond SC, Schall VT, Coelho PM, 2008. The effect of the number of stool samples on the observed prevalence and the infection intensity with Schistosoma mansoni among a population in an area of low transmission. Acta Trop 108: 222–228.
-
12.
van Etten L, Folman CC, Eggelte TA, Kremsner PG, Deelder AM, 1994. Rapid diagnosis of schistosomiasis by antigen detection in urine with a reagent strip. J Clin Microbiol 32: 2404–2406.
-
13.
Obeng BB, Aryeetey YA, de Dood CJ, Amoah AS, Larbi IA, Deelder AM, Yazdanbakhsh M, Hartgers FC, Boakye DA, Verweij JJ, van Dam GJ, van Lieshout L, 2008. Application of a circulating-cathodic-antigen (CCA) strip test and real-time PCR, in comparison with microscopy, for the detection of Schistosoma haematobium in urine samples from Ghana. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 102: 625–633.
-
14.
Colley DG, Binder S, Campbell C, King CH, Tchuem Tchuente LA, N'Goran EK, Erko B, Karanja DM, Kabatereine NB, van Lieshout L, Rathbun S, 2013. A five-country evaluation of a point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen urine assay for the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 426–432.
-
15.
Coulibaly JT, Knopp S, N'Guessan NA, Silue KD, Furst T, Lohourignon LK, Brou JK, N'Gbesso YK, Vounatsou P, N'Goran EK, Utzinger J, 2011. Accuracy of urine circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) test for Schistosoma mansoni diagnosis in different settings of Cote d'Ivoire. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1384.
-
16.
Coulibaly JT, N'Gbesso YK, Knopp S, N'Guessan NA, Silue KD, van Dam GJ, N'Goran EK, Utzinger J, 2013. Accuracy of urine circulating cathodic antigen test for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in preschool-aged children before and after treatment. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2109.
-
17.
Stothard JR, Kabatereine NB, Tukahebwa EM, Kazibwe F, Rollinson D, Mathieson W, Webster JP, Fenwick A, 2006. Use of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks for detection of intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 97: 219–228.
-
18.
Legesse M, Erko B, 2007. Field-based evaluation of a reagent strip test for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni by detecting circulating cathodic antigen in urine before and after chemotherapy. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101: 668–673.
-
19.
Tchuem Tchuente LA, Kuete Fouodo CJ, Kamwa Ngassam RI, Sumo L, Dongmo Noumedem C, Kenfack CM, Gipwe NF, Nana ED, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, 2012. Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-tests for diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni infection in Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1758.
-
20.
Ayele B, Erko B, Legesse M, Hailu A, Medhin G, 2008. Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) strip for diagnosis of urinary schistosomiasis in Hassoba school children, Afar, Ethiopia. Parasite 15: 69–75.
-
21.
Drummond MF, 1997. Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
-
22.
Johns B, Baltussen R, Hutubessy R, 2003. Programme costs in the economic evaluation of health interventions. Cost Eff Resour Alloc 1: 1.
-
23.
Foo KT, Blackstock AJ, Ochola EA, Matete DO, Mwinzi PNM, Montgomery SP, Karanja DMS, Secor WE, 2015. Evaluation of point-of-contact circulating cathodic antigen assays for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection in low-, moderate-, and high-prevalence schools. Am J Trop Med Hyg 92: 1227–1232.
-
24.
WHO, 2006. Preventative Chemotheraphy in Human Helminthiasis. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
25.
Office of the Prime Minister, 2008. New Salary Scale for Civil Servants. Nairobi, Republic of Kenya: Ministry of State for Public Service.
-
26.
WHO, 2002. Prevention and Control of Schistosomiasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
27.
Kolaczinski J, Hanson K, 2006. Costing the distribution of insecticide-treated nets: a review of cost and cost-effectiveness studies to provide guidance on standardization of costing methodology. Malar J 5: 37.
-
28.
Kolaczinski JH, Hanson K, Robinson E, Picon D, Sabasio A, Mpakateni M, Lado M, Moore S, Petty N, Brooker S, 2010. Integrated surveys of neglected tropical diseases in southern Sudan: how much do they cost and can they be refined? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e745.
-
29.
Speich B, Knopp S, Mohammed KA, Khamis IS, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Rollinson D, Utzinger J, 2010. Comparative cost assessment of the Kato-Katz and FLOTAC techniques for soil-transmitted helminth diagnosis in epidemiological surveys. Parasit Vectors 3: 71.
-
30.
Adriko M, Standley CJ, Tinkitina B, Tukahebwa EM, Fenwick A, Fleming FM, Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Stothard JR, Kabatereine NB, 2014. Evaluation of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) urine-cassette assay as a survey tool for Schistosoma mansoni in different transmission settings within Bugiri District, Uganda. Acta Trop 136: 50–57.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 66 | 66 | 14 |
| Full Text Views | 618 | 301 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 171 | 29 | 0 |