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Screening of Imported Infectious Diseases Among Asymptomatic Sub-Saharan African and Latin American Immigrants: A Public Health Challenge
Begoña Monge-Maillo
Begoña Monge-Maillo
Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Rogelio López-Vélez
Rogelio López-Vélez
Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Francesca F. Norman
Francesca F. Norman
Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Federico Ferrere-González
Federico Ferrere-González
Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Ángela Martínez-Pérez
Ángela Martínez-Pérez
Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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José Antonio Pérez-Molina
José Antonio Pérez-Molina
Tropical Medicine and Clinical Parasitology, Infectious Diseases Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Migrants from developing countries are usually young and healthy but several studies report they may harbor asymptomatic infections for prolonged periods. Prevalence of infections were determined for asymptomatic immigrants from Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa who ettended to a European Tropical Medicine Referral Center from 2000 to 2009. A systematic screening protocol for selected infections was used. Data from 317 sub-Saharan Africans and 383 Latin Americans were analyzed. Patients were mostly young (mean age 29 years); there were significantly more males among sub-Saharan Africans (83% versus 31.6%) and pre-consultation period was longer for Latin Americans (5 versus 42 months). Diagnoses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection, and latent tuberculosis were significantly more frequent in sub-Saharan Africans (2.3% versus 0.3%; 14% versus 1.6%; 1.3 versus 0%; 71% versus 32.1%). There were no significant differences in prevalence for syphilis and intestinal parasites. Malaria and schistosomiasis prevalence in sub-Saharan Africans was 4.6% and 5.9%, respectively, and prevalence of Chagas disease in Latin Americans was 48.5%. Identifying and treating asymptomatic imported infectious diseases may have an impact both for the individual concerned and for public health. Based on these results, a systematic screening protocol for asymptomatic immigrants is proposed.
Author Notes
Financial support: Support was provided by I+D+I 20012-2016, ISCIII - Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, expediente RD12/0018/0019.
Authors' addresses: Begoña Monge-Maillo, Rogelio López-Vélez, Francesca F. Norman, Federico Ferrere-González, Ángela Martínez-Pérez, and Jose Antonio Pérez-Molina, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases Department, Madrid, Spain, E-mails: begomongem@gmail.com, rogelio.lopezvelez@salud.madrid.org, ffnorman@gmail.com, jenofontes@gmail.com, angelamartinezperez@gmail.com, and jose.perezmolina@gmail.com.
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14.
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