Bitam I, Dittmar K, Parola P, Whiting MF, Raoult D, 2010. Fleas and flea-borne diseases. Int J Infect Dis 14: e667–e676.
Parola P, 2011. Rickettsia felis: from a rare disease in the USA to a common cause of fever in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 996–1000.
Balleydier E, Camuset G, Socolovsci C, Moiton MP, Kuli B, Foucher A, Poubeau P, Borgherini G, Wartel G, Audin H, Parola P, Raoult D, Pagès F, Filleul L, 2014. Emergence of murine typhus in Reunion Island, South West Ocean Indian Island: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory features of 10 cases. Emerg Inf Dis (in press).
Walter G, Botelho-Nevers E, Socolovschi C, Raoult D, Parola P, 2012. Murine typhus in returned travelers: a report of thirty-two cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 1049–1053.
Muller S, Boulouis HJ, Viallard J, Beugnet F, 2004. Epidemiological survey of canine bartonellosis to Bartonella vinsonii subs. berkhoffii and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs on the Island of reunion. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 155: 377–380.
Beaucournu JC, Launay F, 1990. Les puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du bassin méditerranéen occidental. Paris: Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles. (in French).
Guernier V, Lagadec E, LeMinter G, Licciardi S, Balleydier E, Pages F, Laudisoit A, Dellagi K, Tortosa P, 2014. Fleas of small mammals on reunion island: diversity, distribution and epidemiological consequences. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3129.
Rogers SO, Bendich AJ, 1994. Extraction of total cellular DNA from plants, algae and fungi. Gelvin SB, Schilperoort RA, eds. Plantcbefore Molecular Biology Manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Springer Netherlands, 183–190.
Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Sokhna C, Tall A, Diatta G, Bassene H, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Rickettsia felis-associated uneruptive fever, Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1140–1142.
Varagnol M, Parola P, Jouan R, Beaucournu JC, Rolain JM, Raoult D, 2009. First detection of Rickettsia felis and Bartonella clarridgeiae in fleas from Laos. Clin Microbiol Infect 15 (Suppl 2): 334–335.
Lin JW, Chen CY, Chen WC, Chomel BB, Chang CC, 2008. Isolation of Bartonella species from rodents in Taiwan including a strain closely related to ‘Bartonella rochalimae’ from Rattus norvegicus. J Med Microbiol 57: 1496–1501.
Engel P, Salzburger W, Liesch M, Chang CC, Maruyama S, Lanz C, Calteau A, Lajus A, Medigue C, Schuster SC, Dehio C, 2011. Parallel evolution of a type IV secretion system in radiating lineages of the host-restricted bacterial pathogen Bartonella. PLoS Genet 7: e1001296.
Jiyipong T, Jittapalapong S, Morand S, Raoult D, Rolain JM, 2012. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in small mammals from Southeastern Asia. Appl Environ Microbiol 78: 8463–8466.
Christou C, Psaroulaki A, Antoniou M, Toumazos P, Ioannou I, Mazeris A, Chochlakis D, Tselentis Y, 2010. Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis in Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis parasitizing rats in Cyprus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 1301–1304.
Azad AF, 1990. Epidemiology of murine typhus. Annu Rev Entomol 35: 553–569.
Mediannikov O, Socolovschi C, Edouard S, Fenollar F, Mouffok N, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Niangaly H, Doumbo O, Lekana-Douki JB, Znazen A, Sarih M, Ratmanov P, Richet H, Ndiath MO, Sokhna C, Parola P, Raoult D, 2013. Common epidemiology of Rickettsia felis infection and malaria, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1775–1783.
Thiberville SD, Boisson V, Gaudart J, Simon F, Flahault A, de Lamballerie X, 2013. Chikungunya fever: a clinical and virological investigation of outpatients on Reunion Island, South-West Indian Ocean. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2004.
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Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia typhi, and Bartonella DNA was detected by molecular tools in 12% of Rattus rattus fleas (Xenopsylla species) collected from Reunion Island. One-third of the infested commensal rodents captured during 1 year carried at least one infected flea. As clinical signs of these zoonoses are non-specific, they are often misdiagnosed.
Financial support: Sampling was supported by funding from CRVOI, ERDF/French Government/Regional Council of Reunion Island, FEDER POCT “LeptOI”, no. 32913.
Authors' addresses: Constentin Dieme, Philippe Parola, Didier Raoult, and Cristina Socolovschi, Aix Marseille University, URMITE, Marseille, WHO Coll. Centre for Rickettsioses and Other Arthropod Borne Bacterial Diseases, Marseille, France, E-mails: caiusdieme@yahoo.fr, philippe.parola@univ-amu.fr, didier.raoult@gmail.com, and cr_socolovschi@yahoo.com. Vanina Guernier, Erwan Lagadec, and Pablo Tortosa, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Emergentes dans l'Océan Indien, Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Sainte Clotilde, Réunion, E-mails: vanina.guernier@ird.fr, erwan.lagadec69@yahoo.fr, and pablo.tortosa@ird.fr. Gildas Le Minter, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Sainte Clotilde, Réunion, E-mail: leminterbzh@yahoo.fr. Elsa Balleydier and Frederic Pagès, Regional office of the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (Cire OI - Institut de Veille Sanitaire), Saint Denis, Réunion, E-mail: elsa.balleydier@ars.sante.fr and frederic.pages@ars.sante.fr. Koussay Dellagi, Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les Maladies Émergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), Virology Unit, Saint Denis, Réunion, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Saint Denis, Réunion, E-mail: koussay.dellagi@ird.fr.
Bitam I, Dittmar K, Parola P, Whiting MF, Raoult D, 2010. Fleas and flea-borne diseases. Int J Infect Dis 14: e667–e676.
Parola P, 2011. Rickettsia felis: from a rare disease in the USA to a common cause of fever in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 996–1000.
Balleydier E, Camuset G, Socolovsci C, Moiton MP, Kuli B, Foucher A, Poubeau P, Borgherini G, Wartel G, Audin H, Parola P, Raoult D, Pagès F, Filleul L, 2014. Emergence of murine typhus in Reunion Island, South West Ocean Indian Island: epidemiological, clinical, laboratory features of 10 cases. Emerg Inf Dis (in press).
Walter G, Botelho-Nevers E, Socolovschi C, Raoult D, Parola P, 2012. Murine typhus in returned travelers: a report of thirty-two cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 1049–1053.
Muller S, Boulouis HJ, Viallard J, Beugnet F, 2004. Epidemiological survey of canine bartonellosis to Bartonella vinsonii subs. berkhoffii and canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in dogs on the Island of reunion. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 155: 377–380.
Beaucournu JC, Launay F, 1990. Les puces (Siphonaptera) de France et du bassin méditerranéen occidental. Paris: Fédération Française des Sociétés de Sciences Naturelles. (in French).
Guernier V, Lagadec E, LeMinter G, Licciardi S, Balleydier E, Pages F, Laudisoit A, Dellagi K, Tortosa P, 2014. Fleas of small mammals on reunion island: diversity, distribution and epidemiological consequences. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3129.
Rogers SO, Bendich AJ, 1994. Extraction of total cellular DNA from plants, algae and fungi. Gelvin SB, Schilperoort RA, eds. Plantcbefore Molecular Biology Manual. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Springer Netherlands, 183–190.
Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Sokhna C, Tall A, Diatta G, Bassene H, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Rickettsia felis-associated uneruptive fever, Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1140–1142.
Varagnol M, Parola P, Jouan R, Beaucournu JC, Rolain JM, Raoult D, 2009. First detection of Rickettsia felis and Bartonella clarridgeiae in fleas from Laos. Clin Microbiol Infect 15 (Suppl 2): 334–335.
Lin JW, Chen CY, Chen WC, Chomel BB, Chang CC, 2008. Isolation of Bartonella species from rodents in Taiwan including a strain closely related to ‘Bartonella rochalimae’ from Rattus norvegicus. J Med Microbiol 57: 1496–1501.
Engel P, Salzburger W, Liesch M, Chang CC, Maruyama S, Lanz C, Calteau A, Lajus A, Medigue C, Schuster SC, Dehio C, 2011. Parallel evolution of a type IV secretion system in radiating lineages of the host-restricted bacterial pathogen Bartonella. PLoS Genet 7: e1001296.
Jiyipong T, Jittapalapong S, Morand S, Raoult D, Rolain JM, 2012. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in small mammals from Southeastern Asia. Appl Environ Microbiol 78: 8463–8466.
Christou C, Psaroulaki A, Antoniou M, Toumazos P, Ioannou I, Mazeris A, Chochlakis D, Tselentis Y, 2010. Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis in Xenopsylla cheopis and Leptopsylla segnis parasitizing rats in Cyprus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 1301–1304.
Azad AF, 1990. Epidemiology of murine typhus. Annu Rev Entomol 35: 553–569.
Mediannikov O, Socolovschi C, Edouard S, Fenollar F, Mouffok N, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Niangaly H, Doumbo O, Lekana-Douki JB, Znazen A, Sarih M, Ratmanov P, Richet H, Ndiath MO, Sokhna C, Parola P, Raoult D, 2013. Common epidemiology of Rickettsia felis infection and malaria, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1775–1783.
Thiberville SD, Boisson V, Gaudart J, Simon F, Flahault A, de Lamballerie X, 2013. Chikungunya fever: a clinical and virological investigation of outpatients on Reunion Island, South-West Indian Ocean. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2004.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 362 | 329 | 16 |
Full Text Views | 315 | 8 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 59 | 7 | 0 |