ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Vasilakis N, Cardosa J, Hanley KA, Holmes EC, Weaver SC, 2011. Fever from the forest: prospects for the continued emergence of sylvatic dengue virus and its impact on public health. Nat Rev Microbiol 9: 532–541.
-
2.
Diallo M, Thonnon J, Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D, 1999. Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 281–286.
-
3.
Diallo M, Ba Y, Sall AA, Diop OM, Ndione JA, Mondo M, Girault L, Mathiot C, 2003. Amplification of the sylvatic cycle of dengue virus type 2, Senegal, 1999–2000: entomologic findings and epidemiologic considerations. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 362–367.
-
4.
Althouse BM, Lessler J, Sall AA, Diallo M, Hanley KA, Watts DM, Weaver SC, Cummings DA, 2012. Synchrony of sylvatic dengue isolations: a multi-host, multi-vector SIR model of dengue virus transmission in Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1928.
-
5.
Watts DM, Burke DS, Harrison BA, Whitmire RE, Nisalak A, 1987. Effect of temperature on the vector efficiency of Aedes aegypti for dengue 2 virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 36: 143–152.
-
6.
Focks DA, Daniels E, Haile DG, Keesling JE, 1995. A simulation model of the epidemiology of urban dengue fever: literature analysis, model development, preliminary validation, and samples of simulation results. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 489–506.
-
7.
Lambrechts L, Paajimans KP, Fansiri T, Carrington LB, Kramer LD, Thomas MB, Scott TW, 2011. Impact of daily temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 7460–7465.
-
8.
Bellan SE, 2010. The importance of age dependent mortality and the extrinsic incubation period in models of mosquito-borne disease transmission and control. PLoS ONE 5: e10165.
-
9.
Chan M, Johansson MA, 2012. The incubation periods of dengue viruses. PLoS ONE 7: e50972.
-
10.
Davis NC, 1932. The effect of various temperatures in modifying the extrinsic incubation period of the yellow fever virus in Aedes aegypti. Am J Epidemiol 16: 163–176.
-
11.
Delatte H, Gimonneau G, Triboire A, Fontenille D, 2009. Influence of temperature on immature development, survival, longevity, fecundity, and gonotrophic cycles of Aedes albopictus, vector of Chikungunya and dengue in the Indian Ocean. J Med Entomol 46: 33–41.
-
12.
Alto BW, Juliano SA, 2001. Precipitation and temperature effects on populations of Aedes albopictus (diptera: Culicidae): implications for range expansion. J Med Entomol 38: 646–656.
-
13.
Diallo M, Sall AA, Moncayo AC, Ba Y, Fernandez Z, Ortiz D, Coffey LL, Mathiot C, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2005. Potential role of sylvatic and domestic African mosquito species in dengue emergence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 445–449.
-
14.
Digoutte J, Calvo-Wilson M, Mondo M, Traore-Lamizana M, Adam F, 1992. Continous cell lines and immune ascitic fluid pools in arbovirus detection. Res Virol 143: 417–422.
-
15.
Service MW, 1993. Mosquito Ecology: Field Sampling Methods, 2nd ed. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier Applied Science.
-
16.
Buck AL, 1981. New equations for computing vapor pressure and enhancement factor. J Appl Meteorol 20: 1527–1532.
-
17.
Chatfield C, 2004. The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction, 6th ed. Boca Raton, FL: Chapaman & Hall/CRC.
-
18.
Venables WN, Ripley BD, 2002. Modern Applied Statistics with S. New York, NY: Springer.
-
19.
Vittinghoff E, Glidden DV, Shiboski SC, McCulloch CE, 2011. Regression Methods in Biostatistics: Linear, Logistic, Survival, and Repeated Measures Models. New York, NY: Springer.
-
20.
Gelman A, Hill J, 2006. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
-
21.
Tun-Lin W, Burkot TR, Kay BH, 2000. Effects of temperature and larval diet on development rates and survival of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in North Queensland, Australia. Med Vet Entomol 14: 31–37.
-
22.
Black WC 4th, Bennett KE, Gorrochótegui-Escalante N, Barillas-Mury CV, Fernández-Salas I, de Lourdes Muñoz M, Farfán-Alé JA, Olson KE, Beaty BJ, 2002. Flavivirus susceptibility in Aedes aegypti. Arch Med Res 33: 379–388.
-
23.
Jupp PG, Kemp A, 2002. Laboratory vector competence experiments with yellow fever virus and five south African mosquito species including Aedes aegypti. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 493–498.
-
24.
Diallo M, Ba Y, Faye O, Soumare ML, Dia I, Sall AA, 2008. Vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from Senegal for sylvatic and epidemic dengue 2 virus isolated in West Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 493–498.
-
25.
Sylla M, Bosio C, Urdaneta-Marquez L, Ndiaye M, Black WC 4th, 2009. Gene flow, subspecies composition, and dengue virus-2 susceptibility among Aedes aegypti collections in Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e408.
-
26.
Inoue S, Morita K, Matias RR, Tuplano JV, Resuello RRG, Candelario JR, Cruz DJM, Mapua CA, Hasebe F, Igarashi A, Natividad FF, 2003. Distribution of three arbovirus antibodies among monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in the Philippines. J Med Primatol 32: 89–94.
-
27.
Cook S, Diallo M, Sall AA, Cooper A, Holmes EC, 2005. Mitochondrial markers for molecular identification of Aedes mosquitoes (diptera: Culicidae) involved in transmission of arboviral disease in West Africa. J Med Entomol 42: 19–28.
-
28.
Wu P-C, Lay J-G, Guo H-R, Lin C-Y, Lung S-C, Su H-J, 2009. Higher temperature and urbanization affect the spatial patterns of dengue fever transmission in subtropical Taiwan. Sci Total Environ 407: 2224–2233.
-
29.
Kurane I, Brinton MA, Samson AL, Ennis FA, 1991. Dengue virus-specific, human cd4+ cd8- cytotoxic t-cell clones: multiple patterns of virus cross-reactivity recognized by ns3-specific t-cell clones. J Virol 65: 1823–1828.
-
30.
Monath TP, 2001. Yellow fever: an update. Lancet Infect Dis 1: 11–20.
-
31.
Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Johnson AJ, Stanfield SM, Duffy MR, 2008. Genetic and serologic properties of zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1232–1239.
-
32.
Hayes EB, 2009. Zika virus outside Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 1347–1350.
-
33.
Hanley KA, Monath TP, Weaver SC, Rossi SL, Richman RL, Vasilakis N, 2013. Fever versus fever: the role of host and vector susceptibility and interspecific competition in shaping the current and future distributions of the sylvatic cycles of dengue virus and yellow fever virus. Infect Genet Evol 19: 292–311.
-
34.
Fragkoudis R, Attarzadeh-Yazdi G, Nash AA, Fazakerley JK, Kohl A, 2009. Advances in dissecting mosquito innate immune responses to arbovirus infection. J Gen Virol 90: 2061–2072.
-
35.
Cornet M, Chateau R, Valade M, Dieng P, Raymond H, Lorand A, 1978. Données bio-écologiques sur les vecteurs potentiels du. Virus amaril au Sénégal oriental. Rôle des différentes espéces dans la transmission du virus. Cah Orstom (Entomol méd Parasitol) 16: 315–341.
-
36.
Vasilakis N, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2008. Sylvatic dengue virus type 2 activity in humans, Nigeria, 1966. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 502–504.
-
37.
Zeller HG, Traoré-Lamizana M, Monlun E, Hervy JP, Mondo M, Digoutte JP, 1992. Dengue-2 virus isolation from humans during an epizootic in southeastern Senegal in November, 1990. Res Virol 143: 101–102.
-
38.
Cardosa J, Ooi MH, Tio PH, Perera D, Holmes EC, Bibi K, Abdul Manap Z, 2009. Dengue virus serotype 2 from a sylvatic lineage isolated from a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e423.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2077 | 1713 | 443 |
| Full Text Views | 657 | 33 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 329 | 26 | 0 |
Impact of Climate and Mosquito Vector Abundance on Sylvatic Arbovirus Circulation Dynamics in Senegal
Benjamin M. Althouse
Benjamin M. Althouse
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kathryn A. Hanley
Kathryn A. Hanley
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Mawlouth Diallo
Mawlouth Diallo
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Amadou A. Sall
Amadou A. Sall
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Yamar Ba
Yamar Ba
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ousmane Faye
Ousmane Faye
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Diawo Diallo
Diawo Diallo
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Douglas M. Watts
Douglas M. Watts
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Scott C. Weaver
Scott C. Weaver
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Derek A. T. Cummings
Derek A. T. Cummings
Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas; Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Sylvatic arboviruses have been isolated in Senegal over the last 50 years. The ecological drivers of the pattern and frequency of virus infection in these species are largely unknown. We used time series analysis and Bayesian hierarchical count modeling on a long-term arbovirus dataset to test associations between mosquito abundance, weather variables, and the frequency of isolation of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. We found little correlation between mosquito abundance and viral isolations. Rainfall was a negative predictor of dengue virus (DENV) isolation but a positive predictor of Zika virus isolation. Temperature was a positive predictor of yellow fever virus (YFV) isolations but a negative predictor of DENV isolations. We found slight interference between viruses, with DENV negatively associated with concurrent YFV isolation and YFV negatively associated with concurrent isolation of chikungunya virus. These findings begin to characterize some of the ecological associations of sylvatic arboviruses with each other and climate and mosquito abundance.
Author Notes
Financial support: This work was funded by National Institutes of Health Grant AI069145 (to K.A.H., S.C.W., and D.A.T.C.) as well as US National Institutes of Health National Institute of General Medical Sciences Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study (MIDAS) Grant 1U54GM088491-0109 (to D.A.T.C.). B.M.A. acknowledges National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Grant DGE-0707427 and the Omidyar Postdoctoral Fellowship Program. D.A.T.C. holds a Career Award at the Scientific Interface from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.
Authors' addresses: Benjamin M. Althouse, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, E-mail: althouse@santafe.edu. Kathryn A. Hanley, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, E-mail: khanley@nmsu.edu. Mawlouth Diallo, Amadou A. Sall, Yamar Ba, Ousmane Faye, and Diawo Diallo, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal, E-mails: diallo@pasteur.sn, asall@pasteur.sn, yba@pasteur.sn, fayeo@orange.sn, and diawod@yahoo.com. Douglas M. Watts, Office of Research and Sponsored Projects, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, and Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mail: dwatts2@utep.edu. Scott C. Weaver, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mail: sweaver@utmb.edu. Derek A. T. Cummings, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, E-mail: dcumming@jhsph.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Vasilakis N, Cardosa J, Hanley KA, Holmes EC, Weaver SC, 2011. Fever from the forest: prospects for the continued emergence of sylvatic dengue virus and its impact on public health. Nat Rev Microbiol 9: 532–541.
-
2.
Diallo M, Thonnon J, Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D, 1999. Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 281–286.
-
3.
Diallo M, Ba Y, Sall AA, Diop OM, Ndione JA, Mondo M, Girault L, Mathiot C, 2003. Amplification of the sylvatic cycle of dengue virus type 2, Senegal, 1999–2000: entomologic findings and epidemiologic considerations. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 362–367.
-
4.
Althouse BM, Lessler J, Sall AA, Diallo M, Hanley KA, Watts DM, Weaver SC, Cummings DA, 2012. Synchrony of sylvatic dengue isolations: a multi-host, multi-vector SIR model of dengue virus transmission in Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1928.
-
5.
Watts DM, Burke DS, Harrison BA, Whitmire RE, Nisalak A, 1987. Effect of temperature on the vector efficiency of Aedes aegypti for dengue 2 virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 36: 143–152.
-
6.
Focks DA, Daniels E, Haile DG, Keesling JE, 1995. A simulation model of the epidemiology of urban dengue fever: literature analysis, model development, preliminary validation, and samples of simulation results. Am J Trop Med Hyg 53: 489–506.
-
7.
Lambrechts L, Paajimans KP, Fansiri T, Carrington LB, Kramer LD, Thomas MB, Scott TW, 2011. Impact of daily temperature fluctuations on dengue virus transmission by Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 7460–7465.
-
8.
Bellan SE, 2010. The importance of age dependent mortality and the extrinsic incubation period in models of mosquito-borne disease transmission and control. PLoS ONE 5: e10165.
-
9.
Chan M, Johansson MA, 2012. The incubation periods of dengue viruses. PLoS ONE 7: e50972.
-
10.
Davis NC, 1932. The effect of various temperatures in modifying the extrinsic incubation period of the yellow fever virus in Aedes aegypti. Am J Epidemiol 16: 163–176.
-
11.
Delatte H, Gimonneau G, Triboire A, Fontenille D, 2009. Influence of temperature on immature development, survival, longevity, fecundity, and gonotrophic cycles of Aedes albopictus, vector of Chikungunya and dengue in the Indian Ocean. J Med Entomol 46: 33–41.
-
12.
Alto BW, Juliano SA, 2001. Precipitation and temperature effects on populations of Aedes albopictus (diptera: Culicidae): implications for range expansion. J Med Entomol 38: 646–656.
-
13.
Diallo M, Sall AA, Moncayo AC, Ba Y, Fernandez Z, Ortiz D, Coffey LL, Mathiot C, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2005. Potential role of sylvatic and domestic African mosquito species in dengue emergence. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 445–449.
-
14.
Digoutte J, Calvo-Wilson M, Mondo M, Traore-Lamizana M, Adam F, 1992. Continous cell lines and immune ascitic fluid pools in arbovirus detection. Res Virol 143: 417–422.
-
15.
Service MW, 1993. Mosquito Ecology: Field Sampling Methods, 2nd ed. London, United Kingdom: Elsevier Applied Science.
-
16.
Buck AL, 1981. New equations for computing vapor pressure and enhancement factor. J Appl Meteorol 20: 1527–1532.
-
17.
Chatfield C, 2004. The Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction, 6th ed. Boca Raton, FL: Chapaman & Hall/CRC.
-
18.
Venables WN, Ripley BD, 2002. Modern Applied Statistics with S. New York, NY: Springer.
-
19.
Vittinghoff E, Glidden DV, Shiboski SC, McCulloch CE, 2011. Regression Methods in Biostatistics: Linear, Logistic, Survival, and Repeated Measures Models. New York, NY: Springer.
-
20.
Gelman A, Hill J, 2006. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
-
21.
Tun-Lin W, Burkot TR, Kay BH, 2000. Effects of temperature and larval diet on development rates and survival of the dengue vector Aedes aegypti in North Queensland, Australia. Med Vet Entomol 14: 31–37.
-
22.
Black WC 4th, Bennett KE, Gorrochótegui-Escalante N, Barillas-Mury CV, Fernández-Salas I, de Lourdes Muñoz M, Farfán-Alé JA, Olson KE, Beaty BJ, 2002. Flavivirus susceptibility in Aedes aegypti. Arch Med Res 33: 379–388.
-
23.
Jupp PG, Kemp A, 2002. Laboratory vector competence experiments with yellow fever virus and five south African mosquito species including Aedes aegypti. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 493–498.
-
24.
Diallo M, Ba Y, Faye O, Soumare ML, Dia I, Sall AA, 2008. Vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from Senegal for sylvatic and epidemic dengue 2 virus isolated in West Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 493–498.
-
25.
Sylla M, Bosio C, Urdaneta-Marquez L, Ndiaye M, Black WC 4th, 2009. Gene flow, subspecies composition, and dengue virus-2 susceptibility among Aedes aegypti collections in Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e408.
-
26.
Inoue S, Morita K, Matias RR, Tuplano JV, Resuello RRG, Candelario JR, Cruz DJM, Mapua CA, Hasebe F, Igarashi A, Natividad FF, 2003. Distribution of three arbovirus antibodies among monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in the Philippines. J Med Primatol 32: 89–94.
-
27.
Cook S, Diallo M, Sall AA, Cooper A, Holmes EC, 2005. Mitochondrial markers for molecular identification of Aedes mosquitoes (diptera: Culicidae) involved in transmission of arboviral disease in West Africa. J Med Entomol 42: 19–28.
-
28.
Wu P-C, Lay J-G, Guo H-R, Lin C-Y, Lung S-C, Su H-J, 2009. Higher temperature and urbanization affect the spatial patterns of dengue fever transmission in subtropical Taiwan. Sci Total Environ 407: 2224–2233.
-
29.
Kurane I, Brinton MA, Samson AL, Ennis FA, 1991. Dengue virus-specific, human cd4+ cd8- cytotoxic t-cell clones: multiple patterns of virus cross-reactivity recognized by ns3-specific t-cell clones. J Virol 65: 1823–1828.
-
30.
Monath TP, 2001. Yellow fever: an update. Lancet Infect Dis 1: 11–20.
-
31.
Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Johnson AJ, Stanfield SM, Duffy MR, 2008. Genetic and serologic properties of zika virus associated with an epidemic, Yap State, Micronesia, 2007. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1232–1239.
-
32.
Hayes EB, 2009. Zika virus outside Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 1347–1350.
-
33.
Hanley KA, Monath TP, Weaver SC, Rossi SL, Richman RL, Vasilakis N, 2013. Fever versus fever: the role of host and vector susceptibility and interspecific competition in shaping the current and future distributions of the sylvatic cycles of dengue virus and yellow fever virus. Infect Genet Evol 19: 292–311.
-
34.
Fragkoudis R, Attarzadeh-Yazdi G, Nash AA, Fazakerley JK, Kohl A, 2009. Advances in dissecting mosquito innate immune responses to arbovirus infection. J Gen Virol 90: 2061–2072.
-
35.
Cornet M, Chateau R, Valade M, Dieng P, Raymond H, Lorand A, 1978. Données bio-écologiques sur les vecteurs potentiels du. Virus amaril au Sénégal oriental. Rôle des différentes espéces dans la transmission du virus. Cah Orstom (Entomol méd Parasitol) 16: 315–341.
-
36.
Vasilakis N, Tesh RB, Weaver SC, 2008. Sylvatic dengue virus type 2 activity in humans, Nigeria, 1966. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 502–504.
-
37.
Zeller HG, Traoré-Lamizana M, Monlun E, Hervy JP, Mondo M, Digoutte JP, 1992. Dengue-2 virus isolation from humans during an epizootic in southeastern Senegal in November, 1990. Res Virol 143: 101–102.
-
38.
Cardosa J, Ooi MH, Tio PH, Perera D, Holmes EC, Bibi K, Abdul Manap Z, 2009. Dengue virus serotype 2 from a sylvatic lineage isolated from a patient with dengue hemorrhagic fever. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e423.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2077 | 1713 | 443 |
| Full Text Views | 657 | 33 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 329 | 26 | 0 |