ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Staples J, Breiman R, Powers A, 2009. Chikungunya fever: an epidemiological review of a re-emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 49: 942–948.
-
2.
Thiberville SD, Moyen N, Dupuis-Maguiraga L, Nougairede A, Gould EA, Roques P, de Lamballerie X, 2013. Chikungunya fever: epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy. Antiviral Res 99: 345–370.
-
3.
Leparc-Goffart I, Nougairede A, Cassadou S, Prat C, de Lamballerie X, 2014. Chikungunya in the Americas. Lancet 383: 514.
-
4.
Darsie R, Ward R, 2005. Identification and Geographical Distribution of the Mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
-
5.
Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, 1988. Chikungunya virus disease. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Volume 2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 137–57.
-
6.
Panning M, Grywna K, van Esbroeck M, Emmerich P, Drosten C, 2008. Chikungunya fever in travelers returning to Europe from the Indian Ocean region, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 416–422.
-
7.
Rezza G, Nicoletti L, Angelini R, Romi R, Finarelli AC, Panning M, Cordioli P, Fortuna C, Boros S, Magurano F, Silvi G, Angelini P, Dottori M, Ciufolini MG, Majori GC, Cassone A, 2007. Infection with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region. Lancet 370: 1840–1846.
-
8.
Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Panella AJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Campbell GL, 2007. Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 764–767.
-
9.
Laurent P, Le Roux K, Grivard P, Bertil G, Naze F, Picard M, Staikowsky F, Barau G, Schuffenecker I, Michault A, 2007. Development of a sensitive real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay with an internal control to detect and quantify chikungunya virus. Clin Chem 53: 1408–1414.
-
10.
Gibney KB, Fischer M, Prince HE, Kramer LD, St George K, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Staples JE, 2011. Chikungunya fever in the United States: a fifteen year review of cases. Clin Infect Dis 52: e121–e126.
-
11.
Johnson A, Martin D, Karabatsos N, Roehrig J, 2000. Detection of anti-arboviral immunoglobulin G by using a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1827–1831.
-
12.
Martin D, Muth D, Brown T, Johnson A, Karabatsos N, Roehrig J, 2000. Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1823–1826.
-
13.
Calisher CH, Karabatsos N, Dalrymple JM, Shope RE, Porterfield JS, Westaway EG, Brandt WE, 1989. Antigenic relationship between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. J Gen Virol 70: 37–43.
-
14.
Lindsey H, Calisher C, Mathews J, 1976. Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology. J Clin Microbiol 4: 503–510.
-
15.
Pan American Health Organization, 2014. Chikungunya–Number of Reported Cases of Chikungunya Fever in the Americas. Available at: http://www.paho.org/chikungunya. Accessed September 5, 2014.
-
16.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Notes from the field: chikungunya virus spreads in the Americas—Caribbean and South America, 2013–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 500–501.
-
17.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Chikungunya Virus in the United States. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/geo/united-states.html. Accessed September 5, 2014.
-
18.
Pan American Health Organization, 2014. Dengue. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=264&Itemid=40170&lang=en. Accessed July 10, 2014.
-
19.
U.S. Geologic Survey, 2013. Dengue Fever (Imported): Human. Available at: http://diseasemaps.usgs.gov/2013/dep_us_human.html. Accessed July 10, 2014.
-
20.
U.S. Geologic Survey, 2013. Dengue Fever (Locally Acquired): Human. Available at: http://diseasemaps.usgs.gov/2013/del_us_human.html. Accessed July 10, 2014.
-
21.
Borgherini G, Poubeau P, Jossaume A, Gouix A, Cotte L, Michault A, Arvin-Berod C, Paganin F, 2008. Persistent arthralgia associated with chikungunya virus: a study of 88 adult patients on Reunion Island. Clin Infect Dis 47: 469–475.
-
22.
Grivard P, Le Roux K, Laurent P, Fianu A, Perrau J, Gigan J, Hoarau G, Grondin N, Staikowsky F, Favier F, Michault A, 2007. Molecular and serologic diagnosis of chikungunya virus infection. Pathol Biol (Paris) 55: 490–494.
-
23.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Dengue Clinical and Laboratory Guidance. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/clinicalLab/. Accessed July 10, 2014.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 277 | 236 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 302 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 60 | 7 | 0 |
Chikungunya Virus Infections Among Travelers–United States, 2010–2013
Nicole P. Lindsey
Nicole P. Lindsey
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
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Harry E. Prince
Harry E. Prince
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
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Olga Kosoy
Olga Kosoy
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
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Janeen Laven
Janeen Laven
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
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Sharon Messenger
Sharon Messenger
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
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J. Erin Staples
J. Erin Staples
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
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Marc Fischer
Marc Fischer
Arboviral Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, California; Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California
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Chikungunya virus is an emerging threat to the United States because humans are amplifying hosts and competent mosquito vectors are present in many regions of the country. We identified laboratory-confirmed chikungunya virus infections with diagnostic testing performed in the United States from 2010 through 2013. We described the epidemiology of these cases and determined which were reported to ArboNET. From 2010 through 2013, 115 laboratory-confirmed chikungunya virus infections were identified. Among 55 cases with known travel history, 53 (96%) reported travel to Asia and 2 (4%) to Africa. No locally-acquired infections were identified. Six patients had detectable viremia after returning to the United States. Only 21% of identified cases were reported to ArboNET, with a median of 72 days between illness onset and reporting. Given the risk of introduction into the United States, healthcare providers and public health officials should be educated about the recognition, diagnosis, and timely reporting of chikungunya virus disease cases.
Author Notes
Disclosure: The findings and conclusions of this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. H. Prince is a full-time employee of Focus Diagnostics, a provider of chikungunya virus diagnostic tests. All other authors have no conflicts.
Authors' addresses: Nicole P. Lindsey, Olga Kosoy, Janeen Laven, J. Erin Staples, and Marc Fischer, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: nplindsey@cdc.gov, okosoy@cdc.gov, jlaveen@cdc.gov, estaples@cdc.gov, and mfischer@cdc.gov. Harry E. Prince, Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, CA, E-mail: hprince@focusdx.com. Sharon Messenger, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA, E-mail: Sharon.Messenger@cdph.ca.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Staples J, Breiman R, Powers A, 2009. Chikungunya fever: an epidemiological review of a re-emerging infectious disease. Clin Infect Dis 49: 942–948.
-
2.
Thiberville SD, Moyen N, Dupuis-Maguiraga L, Nougairede A, Gould EA, Roques P, de Lamballerie X, 2013. Chikungunya fever: epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy. Antiviral Res 99: 345–370.
-
3.
Leparc-Goffart I, Nougairede A, Cassadou S, Prat C, de Lamballerie X, 2014. Chikungunya in the Americas. Lancet 383: 514.
-
4.
Darsie R, Ward R, 2005. Identification and Geographical Distribution of the Mosquitoes of North America, North of Mexico. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida.
-
5.
Jupp PG, McIntosh BM, 1988. Chikungunya virus disease. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology. Volume 2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 137–57.
-
6.
Panning M, Grywna K, van Esbroeck M, Emmerich P, Drosten C, 2008. Chikungunya fever in travelers returning to Europe from the Indian Ocean region, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 416–422.
-
7.
Rezza G, Nicoletti L, Angelini R, Romi R, Finarelli AC, Panning M, Cordioli P, Fortuna C, Boros S, Magurano F, Silvi G, Angelini P, Dottori M, Ciufolini MG, Majori GC, Cassone A, 2007. Infection with chikungunya virus in Italy: an outbreak in a temperate region. Lancet 370: 1840–1846.
-
8.
Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Panella AJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Campbell GL, 2007. Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 764–767.
-
9.
Laurent P, Le Roux K, Grivard P, Bertil G, Naze F, Picard M, Staikowsky F, Barau G, Schuffenecker I, Michault A, 2007. Development of a sensitive real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay with an internal control to detect and quantify chikungunya virus. Clin Chem 53: 1408–1414.
-
10.
Gibney KB, Fischer M, Prince HE, Kramer LD, St George K, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Staples JE, 2011. Chikungunya fever in the United States: a fifteen year review of cases. Clin Infect Dis 52: e121–e126.
-
11.
Johnson A, Martin D, Karabatsos N, Roehrig J, 2000. Detection of anti-arboviral immunoglobulin G by using a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1827–1831.
-
12.
Martin D, Muth D, Brown T, Johnson A, Karabatsos N, Roehrig J, 2000. Standardization of immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for routine diagnosis of arboviral infections. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1823–1826.
-
13.
Calisher CH, Karabatsos N, Dalrymple JM, Shope RE, Porterfield JS, Westaway EG, Brandt WE, 1989. Antigenic relationship between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. J Gen Virol 70: 37–43.
-
14.
Lindsey H, Calisher C, Mathews J, 1976. Serum dilution neutralization test for California group virus identification and serology. J Clin Microbiol 4: 503–510.
-
15.
Pan American Health Organization, 2014. Chikungunya–Number of Reported Cases of Chikungunya Fever in the Americas. Available at: http://www.paho.org/chikungunya. Accessed September 5, 2014.
-
16.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Notes from the field: chikungunya virus spreads in the Americas—Caribbean and South America, 2013–2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 63: 500–501.
-
17.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Chikungunya Virus in the United States. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/chikungunya/geo/united-states.html. Accessed September 5, 2014.
-
18.
Pan American Health Organization, 2014. Dengue. Available at: http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=264&Itemid=40170&lang=en. Accessed July 10, 2014.
-
19.
U.S. Geologic Survey, 2013. Dengue Fever (Imported): Human. Available at: http://diseasemaps.usgs.gov/2013/dep_us_human.html. Accessed July 10, 2014.
-
20.
U.S. Geologic Survey, 2013. Dengue Fever (Locally Acquired): Human. Available at: http://diseasemaps.usgs.gov/2013/del_us_human.html. Accessed July 10, 2014.
-
21.
Borgherini G, Poubeau P, Jossaume A, Gouix A, Cotte L, Michault A, Arvin-Berod C, Paganin F, 2008. Persistent arthralgia associated with chikungunya virus: a study of 88 adult patients on Reunion Island. Clin Infect Dis 47: 469–475.
-
22.
Grivard P, Le Roux K, Laurent P, Fianu A, Perrau J, Gigan J, Hoarau G, Grondin N, Staikowsky F, Favier F, Michault A, 2007. Molecular and serologic diagnosis of chikungunya virus infection. Pathol Biol (Paris) 55: 490–494.
-
23.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Dengue Clinical and Laboratory Guidance. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/dengue/clinicalLab/. Accessed July 10, 2014.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 277 | 236 | 8 |
| Full Text Views | 302 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 60 | 7 | 0 |