Gubler DJ, 2004. The changing epidemiology of yellow fever and dengue, 1900 to 2003: full circle? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 27: 319–330.
García-Rejón JE, López-Uribe MP, Loroño-Pino MA, Arana-Guardia R, Puc-Tinal M, López-Uribe GM, Coba-Tún C, Baak-Baak CM, Machain-Williams C, Reyes-Solis GC, Lozano-Fuentes S, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Black WC, Beaty BJ, Eisen L, 2012. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Howardina) cozumelensis in Yucatán State, México, with a summary of published collection records for Ae. cozumelensis. J Vector Ecol 37: 365–372.
Loroño-Pino MA, Farfán-Ale JA, Zapata-Peraza AL, Rosado-Paredes EP, Flores-Flores LF, García-Rejón JE, Díaz FJ, Blitvich BJ, Andrade-Narváez M, Jiménez-Ríos E, Blair CD, Olson KE, Black W 4th, Beaty BJ, 2004. Introduction of the American/Asian genotype of dengue 2 virus into the Yucatan State of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 485–492.
Loroño-Pino MA, García-Rejón JE, Machain-Williams C, Gomez-Carro S, Nuñez-Ayala G, Nájera-Vázquez M del R, Losoya A, Aguilar L, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Lozano-Fuentes S, Beaty MK, Black WC 4th, Keefe TJ, Eisen L, Beaty BJ, 2013. Towards a Casa Segura: a consumer product study of the effect of insecticide-treated curtains on Aedes aegypti and dengue virus infections in the home. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 385–397.
World Health Organization, 2009. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. 117 WFSN, ed.
Norma Oficial Mexicana, 2010. NOM-EM-003-SSA2-2010 para la Vigilancia Epidemiologica. Prevencion y Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector. Diario Oficial de la Federacion, Junio 2010, Mexico.
Gorrochotegui-Escalante N, Gomez-Machorro C, Lozano-Fuentes S, Fernandez-Salas I, Munoz MD, Farfan-Ale JA, Garcia-Rejon J, Beaty BJ, Black WC, 2002. Breeding structure of Aedes aegypti populations in Mexico varies by region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 213–222.
Gorrochotegui-Escalante N, Munoz MD, Fernandez-Salas I, Beaty BJ, Black WC, 2000. Genetic isolation by distance among Aedes aegypti populations along the northeastern coast of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 200–209.
García GP, Flores AE, Fernández-Salas I, Saavedra-Rodríguez K, Reyes-Solis G, Lozano-Fuentes S, Bond JG, Casas-Martínez M, Ramsey JM, García-Rejón J, Domínguez-Galera M, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Eisen L, Black WC IV, 2009. Recent rapid rise of a permethrin knock down resistance allele in Aedes aegypti in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e531.
Harris AF, Rajatileka S, Ranson H, 2010. Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti from Grand Cayman. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 277–284.
Yanola J, Somboon P, Walton C, Nachaiwieng W, Somwang P, Prapanthadara L-a, 2011. High-throughput assays for detection of the F1534C mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in permethrin-resistant Aedes aegypti and the distribution of this mutation throughout Thailand: high-throughput assays to detect the F1534C mutation in sodium channel gene of the Aedes aegypti. Trop Med Int Health 16: 501–509.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Strode C, Suarez AF, Salas IF, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC, 2008. Quantitative trait loci mapping of genome regions controlling permethrin resistance in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Genetics 180: 1137–1152.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Suarez AF, Salas IF, Strode C, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC IV, 2012. Transcription of detoxification genes after permethrin selection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 21: 61–77.
Stevenson BJ, Pignatelli P, Nikou D, Paine MJ, 2012. Pinpointing P450s associated with pyrethroid metabolism in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti: developing new tools to combat insecticide resistance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1595.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Strode C, Flores AE, Garcia-Luna S, Reyes-Solis G, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC, 2014. Differential transcription profiles in Aedes aegypti detoxification genes after temephos selection. Insect Mol Biol 23: 199–215.
Fulton RE, Salasek ML, DuTeau NM, Black WC 4th, 2001. SSCP analysis of cDNA markers provides a dense linkage map of the Aedes aegypti genome. Genetics 158: 715–726.
Gomez-Machorro C, Bennett KE, Munoz MD, Black WC, 2004. Quantitative trait loci affecting dengue midgut infection barriers in an advanced intercross line of Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 13: 637–648.
Timoshevskiy VA, Severson DW, deBruyn BS, Black WC, Sharakhov IV, Sharakhova MV, 2013. An integrated linkage, chromosome, and genome map for the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2052.
Reyes-Solis GC, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Suarez AF, Black WC, 2014. QTL mapping of genome regions controlling temephos resistance in larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3177. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003177.
Black WC, DuTeau NM, 1997. RAPD-PCR and SSCP analysis for insect population genetic studies. Crampton J, Beard CB, Louis C, eds. The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors: A Methods Manual. New York: Chapman and Hall, 361–373.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Urdaneta-Marquez L, Rajatileka S, Moulton M, Flores AE, Fernandez-Salas I, Bisset J, Rodriguez M, McCall PJ, Donnelly MJ, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC 4th, 2007. A mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with pyrethroid resistance in Latin American Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 16: 785–798.
Urdaneta-Marquez L, Bosio C, Herrera F, Rubio-Palis Y, Salasek M, Black WC, 2008. Genetic relationships among Aedes aegypti collections in Venezuela as determined by mitochondrial DNA variation and nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 479–491.
Glaubitz JC, 2004. CONVERT: a user-friendly program to reformat diploid genotypic data for commonly used population genetic software packages. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 309–310.
Lewis PO, Zaykin DV, 2001. Genetic Data Analysis: Computer Program for the Analysis of Allelic Data. Free program distributed by the authors over the internet. Available at: http://lewis.eeb.uconn.edu/lewishome/software.html. Accessed August 2013.
Excoffier L, Lischer HE, 2010. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources 10: 564–567.
Lunn DJ, Thomas A, Best N, Spiegelhalter D, 2000. WinBUGS - A Bayesian modeling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Stat Comput 10: 325–337.
Rosenberg MS, Anderson CD, 2011. PASSaGE: pattern analysis, spatial statistics and geographic exegesis. Version 2. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2: 229–232.
Slatkin M, 1993. Isolation by distance in equilibrium and nonequilibrium populations. Evolution 47: 264–279.
Bosio CF, Harrington LC, Jones JW, Sithiprasasna R, Norris DE, Scott TW, 2005. Genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations in Thailand using mitochondrial DNA. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 434–442.
Huber K, Le Loan L, Hoang TH, Ravel S, Rodhain F, Failloux AB, 2002. Genetic differentiation of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) using microsatellite markers. Mol Ecol 11: 1629–1635.
Flores AE, Ponce G, Silva BG, Gutierrez SM, Bobadilla C, Lopez B, Mercado R, Black WC, 2013. Wide spread cross resistance to pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Veracruz State Mexico. J Econ Entomol 106: 959–969.
Aponte HA, Penilla RP, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Che-Mendoza A, López AD, Solis F, Manrique-Saide P, Ranson H, Lenhart A, McCall PJ, Rodríguez AD, 2013. The pyrethroid resistance status and mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from the Guerrero state, Mexico. Pestic Biochem Physiol 107: 226–234.
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Abstract Views | 697 | 650 | 6 |
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The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the major vector of the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV1–4). Previous studies have shown that Ae. aegypti in Mexico have a high effective migration rate and that gene flow occurs among populations that are up to 150 km apart. Since 2000, pyrethroids have been widely used for suppression of Ae. aegypti in cities in Mexico. In Yucatan State in particular, pyrethroids have been applied in and around dengue case households creating an opportunity for local selection and evolution of resistance. Herein, we test for evidence of local adaptation by comparing patterns of variation among 27 Ae. aegypti collections at 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): two in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene para known to confer knockdown resistance, three in detoxification genes previously associated with pyrethroid resistance, and eight in putatively neutral loci. The SNPs in para varied greatly in frequency among collections, whereas SNPs at the remaining 11 loci showed little variation supporting previous evidence for extensive local gene flow. Among Ae. aegypti in Yucatan State, Mexico, local adaptation to pyrethroids appears to offset the homogenizing effects of gene flow.
Financial support: The study was supported by the Innovative Vector Control Consortium and the National Institutes of Health through a Fogarty International Training Grant (2D43TW001130) and an International Collaborations in Infectious Disease Research Program (U01-AI-088647).
Authors' addresses: Karla Saavedra-Rodriguez, Meaghan Beaty, Saul Lozano-Fuentes, Steven Denham, Barry Beaty, Lars Eisen, and William C. Black IV, Colorado State University, Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: ksaavedr@colostate.edu, meaghanb8y@gmail.com, slozano@colostate.edu, Steven.Denham@rams.colostate.edu, barry.beaty@colostate.edu, lars.eisen@colostate.edu, and wcb4@lamar.colostate.edu. Julian Garcia-Rejon, Guadalupe Reyes-Solis, Carlos Machain-Williams, and Maria Alba Loroño-Pino, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Instituto Hideyo Noguchi, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, E-mails: grejon@uady.mx, carmenclh@gmail.com, carlos.machain@uady.mx, and maria.lorono@gmail.com. Adriana Flores-Suarez and Gustavo Ponce-Garcia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Biologia de Invertebrados, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, E-mails: adrflores@gmail.com and gponcealfa@gmail.com.
Gubler DJ, 2004. The changing epidemiology of yellow fever and dengue, 1900 to 2003: full circle? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 27: 319–330.
García-Rejón JE, López-Uribe MP, Loroño-Pino MA, Arana-Guardia R, Puc-Tinal M, López-Uribe GM, Coba-Tún C, Baak-Baak CM, Machain-Williams C, Reyes-Solis GC, Lozano-Fuentes S, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Black WC, Beaty BJ, Eisen L, 2012. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Howardina) cozumelensis in Yucatán State, México, with a summary of published collection records for Ae. cozumelensis. J Vector Ecol 37: 365–372.
Loroño-Pino MA, Farfán-Ale JA, Zapata-Peraza AL, Rosado-Paredes EP, Flores-Flores LF, García-Rejón JE, Díaz FJ, Blitvich BJ, Andrade-Narváez M, Jiménez-Ríos E, Blair CD, Olson KE, Black W 4th, Beaty BJ, 2004. Introduction of the American/Asian genotype of dengue 2 virus into the Yucatan State of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71: 485–492.
Loroño-Pino MA, García-Rejón JE, Machain-Williams C, Gomez-Carro S, Nuñez-Ayala G, Nájera-Vázquez M del R, Losoya A, Aguilar L, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Lozano-Fuentes S, Beaty MK, Black WC 4th, Keefe TJ, Eisen L, Beaty BJ, 2013. Towards a Casa Segura: a consumer product study of the effect of insecticide-treated curtains on Aedes aegypti and dengue virus infections in the home. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 385–397.
World Health Organization, 2009. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. 117 WFSN, ed.
Norma Oficial Mexicana, 2010. NOM-EM-003-SSA2-2010 para la Vigilancia Epidemiologica. Prevencion y Control de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vector. Diario Oficial de la Federacion, Junio 2010, Mexico.
Gorrochotegui-Escalante N, Gomez-Machorro C, Lozano-Fuentes S, Fernandez-Salas I, Munoz MD, Farfan-Ale JA, Garcia-Rejon J, Beaty BJ, Black WC, 2002. Breeding structure of Aedes aegypti populations in Mexico varies by region. Am J Trop Med Hyg 66: 213–222.
Gorrochotegui-Escalante N, Munoz MD, Fernandez-Salas I, Beaty BJ, Black WC, 2000. Genetic isolation by distance among Aedes aegypti populations along the northeastern coast of Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 200–209.
García GP, Flores AE, Fernández-Salas I, Saavedra-Rodríguez K, Reyes-Solis G, Lozano-Fuentes S, Bond JG, Casas-Martínez M, Ramsey JM, García-Rejón J, Domínguez-Galera M, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Eisen L, Black WC IV, 2009. Recent rapid rise of a permethrin knock down resistance allele in Aedes aegypti in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e531.
Harris AF, Rajatileka S, Ranson H, 2010. Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti from Grand Cayman. Am J Trop Med Hyg 83: 277–284.
Yanola J, Somboon P, Walton C, Nachaiwieng W, Somwang P, Prapanthadara L-a, 2011. High-throughput assays for detection of the F1534C mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene in permethrin-resistant Aedes aegypti and the distribution of this mutation throughout Thailand: high-throughput assays to detect the F1534C mutation in sodium channel gene of the Aedes aegypti. Trop Med Int Health 16: 501–509.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Strode C, Suarez AF, Salas IF, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC, 2008. Quantitative trait loci mapping of genome regions controlling permethrin resistance in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Genetics 180: 1137–1152.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Suarez AF, Salas IF, Strode C, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC IV, 2012. Transcription of detoxification genes after permethrin selection in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 21: 61–77.
Stevenson BJ, Pignatelli P, Nikou D, Paine MJ, 2012. Pinpointing P450s associated with pyrethroid metabolism in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti: developing new tools to combat insecticide resistance. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1595.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Strode C, Flores AE, Garcia-Luna S, Reyes-Solis G, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC, 2014. Differential transcription profiles in Aedes aegypti detoxification genes after temephos selection. Insect Mol Biol 23: 199–215.
Fulton RE, Salasek ML, DuTeau NM, Black WC 4th, 2001. SSCP analysis of cDNA markers provides a dense linkage map of the Aedes aegypti genome. Genetics 158: 715–726.
Gomez-Machorro C, Bennett KE, Munoz MD, Black WC, 2004. Quantitative trait loci affecting dengue midgut infection barriers in an advanced intercross line of Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 13: 637–648.
Timoshevskiy VA, Severson DW, deBruyn BS, Black WC, Sharakhov IV, Sharakhova MV, 2013. An integrated linkage, chromosome, and genome map for the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2052.
Reyes-Solis GC, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Suarez AF, Black WC, 2014. QTL mapping of genome regions controlling temephos resistance in larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8: e3177. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003177.
Black WC, DuTeau NM, 1997. RAPD-PCR and SSCP analysis for insect population genetic studies. Crampton J, Beard CB, Louis C, eds. The Molecular Biology of Insect Disease Vectors: A Methods Manual. New York: Chapman and Hall, 361–373.
Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Urdaneta-Marquez L, Rajatileka S, Moulton M, Flores AE, Fernandez-Salas I, Bisset J, Rodriguez M, McCall PJ, Donnelly MJ, Ranson H, Hemingway J, Black WC 4th, 2007. A mutation in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene associated with pyrethroid resistance in Latin American Aedes aegypti. Insect Mol Biol 16: 785–798.
Urdaneta-Marquez L, Bosio C, Herrera F, Rubio-Palis Y, Salasek M, Black WC, 2008. Genetic relationships among Aedes aegypti collections in Venezuela as determined by mitochondrial DNA variation and nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 479–491.
Glaubitz JC, 2004. CONVERT: a user-friendly program to reformat diploid genotypic data for commonly used population genetic software packages. Mol Ecol Notes 4: 309–310.
Lewis PO, Zaykin DV, 2001. Genetic Data Analysis: Computer Program for the Analysis of Allelic Data. Free program distributed by the authors over the internet. Available at: http://lewis.eeb.uconn.edu/lewishome/software.html. Accessed August 2013.
Excoffier L, Lischer HE, 2010. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: a new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Molecular Ecology Resources 10: 564–567.
Lunn DJ, Thomas A, Best N, Spiegelhalter D, 2000. WinBUGS - A Bayesian modeling framework: concepts, structure, and extensibility. Stat Comput 10: 325–337.
Rosenberg MS, Anderson CD, 2011. PASSaGE: pattern analysis, spatial statistics and geographic exegesis. Version 2. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 2: 229–232.
Slatkin M, 1993. Isolation by distance in equilibrium and nonequilibrium populations. Evolution 47: 264–279.
Bosio CF, Harrington LC, Jones JW, Sithiprasasna R, Norris DE, Scott TW, 2005. Genetic structure of Aedes aegypti populations in Thailand using mitochondrial DNA. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 434–442.
Huber K, Le Loan L, Hoang TH, Ravel S, Rodhain F, Failloux AB, 2002. Genetic differentiation of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) using microsatellite markers. Mol Ecol 11: 1629–1635.
Flores AE, Ponce G, Silva BG, Gutierrez SM, Bobadilla C, Lopez B, Mercado R, Black WC, 2013. Wide spread cross resistance to pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Veracruz State Mexico. J Econ Entomol 106: 959–969.
Aponte HA, Penilla RP, Dzul-Manzanilla F, Che-Mendoza A, López AD, Solis F, Manrique-Saide P, Ranson H, Lenhart A, McCall PJ, Rodríguez AD, 2013. The pyrethroid resistance status and mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from the Guerrero state, Mexico. Pestic Biochem Physiol 107: 226–234.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 697 | 650 | 6 |
Full Text Views | 632 | 10 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 180 | 11 | 1 |