ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Kramer LD, Styer LM, Ebel GD, 2008. A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Annu Rev Entomol 53: 61–81.
-
2.
McLean RG, 2006. West Nile virus in North American birds. Ornitol Monogr 60: 44–64.
-
3.
Nemeth NM, Beckett S, Edwards E, Klenk K, Komar N, 2007. Avian mortality surveillance for West Nile virus in Colorado. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 431–437.
-
4.
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1995. Arboviruses. Lennette EH, Lennette DA, Lennette ET, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 189–212.
-
5.
Scott TW, McLean RG, Francy DB, Mitchell CJ, Card CS, 1983. Experimental infections of birds with Turlock Virus. J Wildl Dis 19: 82–85.
-
6.
Twining JE, 1987. Mute Swans of the Atlantic Coast. Wickford, RI: Dutch Island Press.
-
7.
Bailey M, Petrie SA, Badzinski SS, 2008. Diet of mute swans in lower Great Lakes coastal marshes. J Wildl Manage 72: 726–732.
-
8.
Therres G, Brinker D, 2004. Mute swan interaction with other birds in Chesapeake Bay. Perry MC, ed. Mute Swans and Their Chesapeake Bay Habitats: Proceedings of a Symposium. Reston, VA: US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, 43–46.
-
9.
Hubálek Z, 2004. An annotated checklist of pathogenic microorganisms associated with migratory birds. J Wildl Dis 40: 639–659.
-
10.
Stamm DD, 1966. Relationships of birds and arboviruses. Auk 83: 84–97.
-
11.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011. St. Louis Encephalitis, Epidemiology and Geographic Distribution. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/sle/technical/epi.html. Accessed July 24, 2014.
-
12.
Ciaranca MA, Allin CC, Jones GS, 1997. Mute swan (Cygnus olor). Poole A, ed. The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
-
13.
McLean RG, Ubico SR, 2008. Arboviruses in birds. Thomas NJ, Hunter DB, Atkinson CT, eds. Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 17–62.
-
14.
Kronenwetter-Koepel TA, Meece JK, Miller CA, Reed KD, 2005. Surveillance of above-and below-ground mosquito breeding habitats in a rural midwestern community: baseline data for larvicidal control measures against West Nile Virus vectors. Clin Med Res 3: 3–12.
-
15.
Kolman JM, Folk C, Hudec K, Reddy GN, 1976. Serologic examination of birds from the area of southern Moravia for the presence of antibodies against arboviruses of the groups alfa, flavo, Uukuniemi, Turlock and Bunyamwera supergroup II wild living birds. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 23: 251–255.
-
16.
Calisher CH, Karabatsos N, 1988. Arbovirus serogroups: definition and geographic distribution. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, Vol. I. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 19–57.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 260 | 212 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 271 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 80 | 11 | 0 |
Antibody Prevalence of Select Arboviruses in Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) in the Great Lakes Region and Atlantic Coast of the United States
Kerri Pedersen
Kerri Pedersen
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, Michigan; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, Massachusetts
Search for other papers by Kerri Pedersen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Kerri Pedersen in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
David R. Marks
David R. Marks
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, Michigan; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, Massachusetts
Search for other papers by David R. Marks in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by David R. Marks in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Dustin M. Arsnoe
Dustin M. Arsnoe
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, Michigan; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, Massachusetts
Search for other papers by Dustin M. Arsnoe in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Dustin M. Arsnoe in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Sarah N. Bevins
Sarah N. Bevins
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, Michigan; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, Massachusetts
Search for other papers by Sarah N. Bevins in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Sarah N. Bevins in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Eryu Wang
Eryu Wang
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, Michigan; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, Massachusetts
Search for other papers by Eryu Wang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Eryu Wang in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Scott C. Weaver
Scott C. Weaver
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, Michigan; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, Massachusetts
Search for other papers by Scott C. Weaver in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Scott C. Weaver in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Randall M. Mickley
Randall M. Mickley
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, Michigan; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, Massachusetts
Search for other papers by Randall M. Mickley in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Randall M. Mickley in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Thomas J. DeLiberto
Thomas J. DeLiberto
US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, Colorado; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, Michigan; Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, Michigan; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, Massachusetts
Search for other papers by Thomas J. DeLiberto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Thomas J. DeLiberto in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Mute swans (Cygnus olor) are an invasive species in the United States. The dramatic increase in their populations in localized areas has led to various problems, among them competition with native species and attacks on humans by aggressive swans. However, very little is known about the ability of these swans to transmit pathogens to humans, domestic birds, or wildlife or participate in enzootic maintenance. To learn more about select pathogens that mute swans may harbor, a survey was conducted from April of 2011 to August of 2012 in the Great Lakes region and localized areas of the Atlantic coast, which revealed serologic evidence of arbovirus exposure in mute swans. Of 497 mute swans tested, antibodies were detected for eastern equine encephalitis (4.8%), St. Louis encephalitis (1.4%), West Nile (1.2%), and Turlock (0.6%) viruses. Samples were also tested for evidence of antibodies to La Crosse virus, but none were positive.
Author Notes
Financial support: Funding for a portion of the field sample collection and testing efforts was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service through Interagency Agreement APHIS-WS: 12-7226-4861-IA as part of their Avian Health and Disease Program.
Authors' addresses: Kerri Pedersen, Sarah N. Bevins, and Thomas J. DeLiberto, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: Kerri.Pedersen@aphis.usda.gov, Sarah.N.Bevins@aphis.usda.gov, and Thomas.J.DeLiberto@aphis.usda.gov. David R. Marks, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Okemos, MI, E-mail: David.R.Marks@aphis.usda.gov. Dustin M. Arsnoe, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Division, Gladstone, MI, E-mail: ArsnoeD@michigan.gov. Eryu Wang and Scott C. Weaver, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mails: erwang@utmb.edu and sweaver@utmb.edu. Randall M. Mickley, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services, Wildlife Services, Sutton, MA, E-mail: Randall.M.Mickley@aphis.usda.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Kramer LD, Styer LM, Ebel GD, 2008. A global perspective on the epidemiology of West Nile virus. Annu Rev Entomol 53: 61–81.
-
2.
McLean RG, 2006. West Nile virus in North American birds. Ornitol Monogr 60: 44–64.
-
3.
Nemeth NM, Beckett S, Edwards E, Klenk K, Komar N, 2007. Avian mortality surveillance for West Nile virus in Colorado. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 431–437.
-
4.
Beaty BJ, Calisher CH, Shope RE, 1995. Arboviruses. Lennette EH, Lennette DA, Lennette ET, eds. Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial, and Chlamydial Infections. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, 189–212.
-
5.
Scott TW, McLean RG, Francy DB, Mitchell CJ, Card CS, 1983. Experimental infections of birds with Turlock Virus. J Wildl Dis 19: 82–85.
-
6.
Twining JE, 1987. Mute Swans of the Atlantic Coast. Wickford, RI: Dutch Island Press.
-
7.
Bailey M, Petrie SA, Badzinski SS, 2008. Diet of mute swans in lower Great Lakes coastal marshes. J Wildl Manage 72: 726–732.
-
8.
Therres G, Brinker D, 2004. Mute swan interaction with other birds in Chesapeake Bay. Perry MC, ed. Mute Swans and Their Chesapeake Bay Habitats: Proceedings of a Symposium. Reston, VA: US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey, 43–46.
-
9.
Hubálek Z, 2004. An annotated checklist of pathogenic microorganisms associated with migratory birds. J Wildl Dis 40: 639–659.
-
10.
Stamm DD, 1966. Relationships of birds and arboviruses. Auk 83: 84–97.
-
11.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011. St. Louis Encephalitis, Epidemiology and Geographic Distribution. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/sle/technical/epi.html. Accessed July 24, 2014.
-
12.
Ciaranca MA, Allin CC, Jones GS, 1997. Mute swan (Cygnus olor). Poole A, ed. The Birds of North America Online. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
-
13.
McLean RG, Ubico SR, 2008. Arboviruses in birds. Thomas NJ, Hunter DB, Atkinson CT, eds. Infectious Diseases of Wild Birds. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing, 17–62.
-
14.
Kronenwetter-Koepel TA, Meece JK, Miller CA, Reed KD, 2005. Surveillance of above-and below-ground mosquito breeding habitats in a rural midwestern community: baseline data for larvicidal control measures against West Nile Virus vectors. Clin Med Res 3: 3–12.
-
15.
Kolman JM, Folk C, Hudec K, Reddy GN, 1976. Serologic examination of birds from the area of southern Moravia for the presence of antibodies against arboviruses of the groups alfa, flavo, Uukuniemi, Turlock and Bunyamwera supergroup II wild living birds. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 23: 251–255.
-
16.
Calisher CH, Karabatsos N, 1988. Arbovirus serogroups: definition and geographic distribution. Monath TP, ed. The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, Vol. I. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 19–57.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 260 | 212 | 26 |
| Full Text Views | 271 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 80 | 11 | 0 |