ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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1.
Mead P, 2009. Lyme Disease. Available at: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2010/chapter-5/lyme-disease.aspx. Accessed October 6, 2009.
-
2.
Steere AC, Hardin JA, Malawista SE, 1978. Lyme arthritis: a new clinical entity. Hosp Pract 13: 143–158.
-
3.
Lyme Disease. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms. Accessed April 11, 2014.
-
4.
Maes E, Lecomte P, Ray N, 1998. A cost-of-illness study of Lyme disease in the United States. Clin Ther 20: 993–1008.
-
5.
Steere AC, 1982. Lyme disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 31: 367–368.
-
6.
Waller LA, Goodwin BJ, Wilson ML, Ostfeld RS, Marshall SL, Hayes EB, 2007. Spatio-temporal patterns in county-level incidence and reporting of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States, 1990–2000. Environ Ecol Stat 14: 83–100.
-
7.
Kitron U, Kazmierczak JJ, 1997. Spatial analysis of the distribution of Lyme disease in Wisconsin. Am J Epidemiol 145: 558–566.
-
8.
Eisen RJ, Lane RS, Fritz CL, Eisen L, 2006. Spatial patterns of Lyme disease risk in California based disease incidence data and modeling of vector-tick exposure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 669–676.
-
9.
Bacon RM, Kugeler KJ, Mead PS, 2008. Surveillance for Lyme disease – United States, 1992–2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 57: 1–9.
-
10.
Virginia Department of Health (VDH), 2008. Reportable Disease Surveillance in Virginia (Annual Reports) 1996–2008. Richmond, VA: VDH Office of Epidemiology.
-
11.
Waller L, Gotway C, 2004. Applied Spatial Statistics for Public Health Data, 1st Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.
-
12.
Seukep SE, Kolivras KN, Hong Y, Li J, Parisley SP, Campbell JB, Gaines DN, Dymond RL. An examination of the demographic and environmental variables correlated with lyme disease emergence in Virginia. Submitted to EcoHealth.
-
13.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System for Lyme Disease. Available at: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/NNDSS/script/conditionsummary.aspx?CondID=100. Accessed December 12, 2013.
-
14.
Lyme Disease, 1996 Case Definition. Available at: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/NNDSS/script/casedef.aspx?CondYrID=750&DatePub=1/1/1996%2012:00:00%20AM. Accessed April 11, 2014.
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15.
Lyme Disease, 2008 Case Definition. Available at: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/NNDSS/script/casedef.aspx?CondYrID=751&DatePub=1/1/2008%2012:00:00%20AM. Accessed April 11, 2014.
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17.
Jackson LE, Levine JF, Hilborn ED, 2006. A comparison of analysis units for associating Lyme disease with forest-edge habitat. Community Ecol 7: 189–197.
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18.
Silverman B, 1986. Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
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19.
The R Project for Statistical Computing, 2013. R. Available at: http://www.r-project.org/. Accessed December 12, 2013.
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20.
Kulldorff M, 1997. A spatial scan statistic. Comm Stat Theory Methods 26: 1481–1496.
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21.
Kulldorff M, 1998. GIS and health. Gatrell A, Loytonen M, eds. Statistical Methods for Spatial Epidemiology: Tests for Randomness. London, England: Taylor & Francis, 49–62.
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22.
Hjalmars U, Kulldorff M, Gustafsson G, Nagarwalla N, 1996. Childhood leukaemia in Sweden: using GIS and a spatial scan-statistic for cluster detection. Stat Med 15: 707–715.
-
23.
Viel JF, Arveux P, Baverel J, Cahn JY, 2000. Soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma clusters around a municipal solid waste incinerator with high dioxin emission levels. Am J Epidemiol 152: 13–19.
-
24.
Lian M, Warner RD, Alexander JL, Kenneth RD, 2007. Using geographic information systems and spatial and space-time scan statistics for a population-based risk analysis of the 2002 equine West Nile epidemic in six contiguous regions of Texas. Int J Health Geogr 6: 42.
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25.
Huang L, Tiwari RC, Zou Z, Kulldorff M, Feuer EJ, 2009. Weighted normal spatial scan statistic for heterogeneous population data. J Am Stat Assoc 104: 886–898.
-
26.
Kulldorff M, Athas WF, Feuer EJ, Miller BA, Key CR, 1998. Evaluating cluster alarms: a space-time scan statistic and brain cancer in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Am J Public Health 88: 1377–1380.
-
27.
Kulldorff M, 2001. Prospective time periodic geographical disease surveillance using a scan statistic. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 164: 61–72.
-
28.
Sonesson C, 2007. A CUSUM framework for detection of space-time disease clusters using scan statistics. Stat Med 26: 4770–4789.
-
29.
Jackson LE, Hilborn ED, Thomas JC, 2006. Towards landscape design guidelines for reducing Lyme disease risk. Int J Epidemiol 35: 315–322.
-
30.
Chaput EK, Meek JI, Heimer R, 2002. Spatial analysis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis near Lyme, Connecticut. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 943–948.
-
31.
Glavanakov S, White D, Caraco T, Lapenis A, Robinson GR, Szymanski BK, Maniatty WA, 2001. Lyme disease in New York State: spatial pattern at a regional scale. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 538–545.
-
32.
Mather TN, Wilson ML, Moore SI, Ribeiro JMC, Spielman A, 1989. Comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi). Am J Epidemiol 130: 143–150.
-
33.
Barbour AG, Fish D, 1993. The biological and social phenomenon of Lyme disease. Science 260: 1610–1616.
-
34.
Boone JD, McGwire KC, Otteson EW, DeBaca RS, Kuhn EA, Villard P, Brussard PF, St Jeor SC, 2000. Remote sensing and geographic information systems: charting Sin Nombre virus infections in deer mice. Emerg Infect Dis 6: 248–258.
-
35.
Rogers DJ, Randolph SE, Snow RW, Hay SI, 2002. Satellite imagery in the study and forecast of malaria. Nature 415: 710–715.
-
36.
Maupin GO, Fish D, Zultowsky J, Campos EG, Piesman J, 1991. Landscape ecology of Lyme disease in a residential area of Westchester County, New York. Am J Epidemiol 133: 1105–1113.
-
37.
Li S, Hartemink N, Speybroeck N, Vanwambeke SO, 2012. Consequences of landscape fragmentation on lyme disease risk: a cellular automata approach. PLoS ONE 7: e39612.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 276 | 191 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 388 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 145 | 10 | 0 |
Spatial and Temporal Emergence Pattern of Lyme Disease in Virginia
Jie Li
Jie Li
Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia
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Korine N. Kolivras
Korine N. Kolivras
Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia
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Yili Hong
Yili Hong
Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia
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Yuanyuan Duan
Yuanyuan Duan
Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia
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Sara E. Seukep
Sara E. Seukep
Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia
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Stephen P. Prisley
Stephen P. Prisley
Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia
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James B. Campbell
James B. Campbell
Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia
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David N. Gaines
David N. Gaines
Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia; Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, Virginia
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The emergence of infectious diseases over the past several decades has highlighted the need to better understand epidemics and prepare for the spread of diseases into new areas. As these diseases expand their geographic range, cases are recorded at different geographic locations over time, making the analysis and prediction of this expansion complicated. In this study, we analyze spatial patterns of the disease using a statistical smoothing analysis based on areal (census tract level) count data of Lyme disease cases in Virginia from 1998 to 2011. We also use space and space–time scan statistics to reveal the presence of clusters in the spatial and spatiotemporal distribution of Lyme disease. Our results confirm and quantify the continued emergence of Lyme disease to the south and west in states along the eastern coast of the United States. The results also highlight areas where education and surveillance needs are highest.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was supported by National Science Foundation Grant BCS-1122876 to Virginia Tech.
Authors' addresses: Jie Li, Yili Hong, and Yuanyuan Duan, Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, E-mails: jieli@vt.edu, yilihong@vt.edu, and yyduan@vt.edu. Korine N. Kolivras, Sara E. Seukep, and James B. Campbell, Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, E-mails: korine@vt.edu, sdymond@vt.edu, and jayhawk@vt.edu. Stephen P. Prisley, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, E-mail: prisley@vt.edu. David N. Gaines, Office of Epidemiology, Virginia Department of Health, Richmond, VA, E-mail: David.Gaines@vdh.virginia.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mead P, 2009. Lyme Disease. Available at: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2010/chapter-5/lyme-disease.aspx. Accessed October 6, 2009.
-
2.
Steere AC, Hardin JA, Malawista SE, 1978. Lyme arthritis: a new clinical entity. Hosp Pract 13: 143–158.
-
3.
Lyme Disease. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/signs_symptoms. Accessed April 11, 2014.
-
4.
Maes E, Lecomte P, Ray N, 1998. A cost-of-illness study of Lyme disease in the United States. Clin Ther 20: 993–1008.
-
5.
Steere AC, 1982. Lyme disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 31: 367–368.
-
6.
Waller LA, Goodwin BJ, Wilson ML, Ostfeld RS, Marshall SL, Hayes EB, 2007. Spatio-temporal patterns in county-level incidence and reporting of Lyme disease in the northeastern United States, 1990–2000. Environ Ecol Stat 14: 83–100.
-
7.
Kitron U, Kazmierczak JJ, 1997. Spatial analysis of the distribution of Lyme disease in Wisconsin. Am J Epidemiol 145: 558–566.
-
8.
Eisen RJ, Lane RS, Fritz CL, Eisen L, 2006. Spatial patterns of Lyme disease risk in California based disease incidence data and modeling of vector-tick exposure. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 669–676.
-
9.
Bacon RM, Kugeler KJ, Mead PS, 2008. Surveillance for Lyme disease – United States, 1992–2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 57: 1–9.
-
10.
Virginia Department of Health (VDH), 2008. Reportable Disease Surveillance in Virginia (Annual Reports) 1996–2008. Richmond, VA: VDH Office of Epidemiology.
-
11.
Waller L, Gotway C, 2004. Applied Spatial Statistics for Public Health Data, 1st Ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience.
-
12.
Seukep SE, Kolivras KN, Hong Y, Li J, Parisley SP, Campbell JB, Gaines DN, Dymond RL. An examination of the demographic and environmental variables correlated with lyme disease emergence in Virginia. Submitted to EcoHealth.
-
13.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System for Lyme Disease. Available at: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/NNDSS/script/conditionsummary.aspx?CondID=100. Accessed December 12, 2013.
-
14.
Lyme Disease, 1996 Case Definition. Available at: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/NNDSS/script/casedef.aspx?CondYrID=750&DatePub=1/1/1996%2012:00:00%20AM. Accessed April 11, 2014.
-
15.
Lyme Disease, 2008 Case Definition. Available at: http://wwwn.cdc.gov/NNDSS/script/casedef.aspx?CondYrID=751&DatePub=1/1/2008%2012:00:00%20AM. Accessed April 11, 2014.
-
17.
Jackson LE, Levine JF, Hilborn ED, 2006. A comparison of analysis units for associating Lyme disease with forest-edge habitat. Community Ecol 7: 189–197.
-
18.
Silverman B, 1986. Density Estimation for Statistics and Data Analysis. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
-
19.
The R Project for Statistical Computing, 2013. R. Available at: http://www.r-project.org/. Accessed December 12, 2013.
-
20.
Kulldorff M, 1997. A spatial scan statistic. Comm Stat Theory Methods 26: 1481–1496.
-
21.
Kulldorff M, 1998. GIS and health. Gatrell A, Loytonen M, eds. Statistical Methods for Spatial Epidemiology: Tests for Randomness. London, England: Taylor & Francis, 49–62.
-
22.
Hjalmars U, Kulldorff M, Gustafsson G, Nagarwalla N, 1996. Childhood leukaemia in Sweden: using GIS and a spatial scan-statistic for cluster detection. Stat Med 15: 707–715.
-
23.
Viel JF, Arveux P, Baverel J, Cahn JY, 2000. Soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma clusters around a municipal solid waste incinerator with high dioxin emission levels. Am J Epidemiol 152: 13–19.
-
24.
Lian M, Warner RD, Alexander JL, Kenneth RD, 2007. Using geographic information systems and spatial and space-time scan statistics for a population-based risk analysis of the 2002 equine West Nile epidemic in six contiguous regions of Texas. Int J Health Geogr 6: 42.
-
25.
Huang L, Tiwari RC, Zou Z, Kulldorff M, Feuer EJ, 2009. Weighted normal spatial scan statistic for heterogeneous population data. J Am Stat Assoc 104: 886–898.
-
26.
Kulldorff M, Athas WF, Feuer EJ, Miller BA, Key CR, 1998. Evaluating cluster alarms: a space-time scan statistic and brain cancer in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Am J Public Health 88: 1377–1380.
-
27.
Kulldorff M, 2001. Prospective time periodic geographical disease surveillance using a scan statistic. J R Stat Soc Ser A Stat Soc 164: 61–72.
-
28.
Sonesson C, 2007. A CUSUM framework for detection of space-time disease clusters using scan statistics. Stat Med 26: 4770–4789.
-
29.
Jackson LE, Hilborn ED, Thomas JC, 2006. Towards landscape design guidelines for reducing Lyme disease risk. Int J Epidemiol 35: 315–322.
-
30.
Chaput EK, Meek JI, Heimer R, 2002. Spatial analysis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis near Lyme, Connecticut. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 943–948.
-
31.
Glavanakov S, White D, Caraco T, Lapenis A, Robinson GR, Szymanski BK, Maniatty WA, 2001. Lyme disease in New York State: spatial pattern at a regional scale. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 538–545.
-
32.
Mather TN, Wilson ML, Moore SI, Ribeiro JMC, Spielman A, 1989. Comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete (Borrelia burgdorferi). Am J Epidemiol 130: 143–150.
-
33.
Barbour AG, Fish D, 1993. The biological and social phenomenon of Lyme disease. Science 260: 1610–1616.
-
34.
Boone JD, McGwire KC, Otteson EW, DeBaca RS, Kuhn EA, Villard P, Brussard PF, St Jeor SC, 2000. Remote sensing and geographic information systems: charting Sin Nombre virus infections in deer mice. Emerg Infect Dis 6: 248–258.
-
35.
Rogers DJ, Randolph SE, Snow RW, Hay SI, 2002. Satellite imagery in the study and forecast of malaria. Nature 415: 710–715.
-
36.
Maupin GO, Fish D, Zultowsky J, Campos EG, Piesman J, 1991. Landscape ecology of Lyme disease in a residential area of Westchester County, New York. Am J Epidemiol 133: 1105–1113.
-
37.
Li S, Hartemink N, Speybroeck N, Vanwambeke SO, 2012. Consequences of landscape fragmentation on lyme disease risk: a cellular automata approach. PLoS ONE 7: e39612.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 276 | 191 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 388 | 10 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 145 | 10 | 0 |