Yanagida T, Mohammadzadeh T, Kamhawi S, Nakao M, Sadjjadi SM, Hijjawi N, Abdel-Hafez SK, Sako Y, Okamoto M, Ito A, 2012. Genetic polymorphisms of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in the Middle East. Parasitol Int 61: 599–603.
Nakao M, Yanagida T, Konyaev S, Lavikainen A, Odnokurtsev VA, Zaikov VA, Ito A, 2013. Mitochondrial phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae) with emphasis on relationships among Echinococcus canadensis genotypes. Parasitology 140: 1595–1601.
McManus DP, 2013. Current status of the genetics and molecular taxonomy of Echinococcus species. Parasitology 11: 1–7.
Schantz PM, Chai J, Craig PS, Eckert J, Jenkins DJ, Macpherson CNL, Thakur A, 1995. Epidemiology and control of hydatid disease. Thompson RCA, Lymbery AJ, eds. Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CAB International, 233–331.
Cruz-Reyes A, Constantine CC, Boxell AC, Hobbs RP, Thompson RC, 2007. Echinococcus granulosus from Mexican pigs is the same strain as that in Polish pigs. J Helminthol 81: 287–292.
Salinas-Lopez N, Jimenez-Guzman F, Cruz-Reyes A, 1996. Presence of Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863) Lühe, 1910 in Lynx rufus texensis Allen, 1895 from San Fernando, Tamaulipas state, in north-east Mexico. Int J Parasitol 26: 793–796.
Maravilla P, Thompson RCA, Palacios-Ruiz JA, Estcourt A, Ramirez-Solis E, Mondragon de la Peña C, Moreno-Moller M, Cardenas-Mejia A, Mata-Miranda P, Aguirre-Alcantara MT, Bonilla-Rodriguez C, Flisser A, 2004. Echinococcus granulosus cattle strain identification in an autochthonous case of cystic echinococcosis in central Mexico. Acta Trop 92: 231–236.
Villalobos N, González LM, Morales J, de Aluja AS, Jiménez MI, Blanco MA, Harrison LJ, Parhouse RM, Gárate T, 2007. Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes (G1 and G7) isolated from pigs in Mexico. Vet Parasitol 147: 185–189.
Schneider R, Gollackner B, Schindl M, Tucek G, Auer H, 2010. Echinococcus canadensis G7 (pig strain): an underestimated cause of cystic echinococcosis in Austria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 871–874.
Dybicz M, Gierczak A, Dąbrowska J, Rdzanek Ł, Michałowicz B, 2013. Molecular diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in humans from central Poland. Parasitol Int 62: 364–367.
Sharma M, Fomda BA, Mazta S, Sehgal R, Bagicha Singh B, Malla N, 2013. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure analysis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto complex based on mitochondrial DNA signature. PLoS ONE 8: 12.
Allan JC, Craig PS, Garcia Noval J, Mencos F, Liu D, Wang Y, Wen H, Zhou P, Stringer R, Rogan M, Zeyhle E, 1992. Coproantigen detection for immunodiagnosis of echinococcosis and taeniasis in dogs and humans. Parasitology 104: 347–356.
Moro PL, Lopera L, Bonifacio N, Gonzales A, Gilman RH, Moro H, 2005. Risk factors for canine echinococcosis in an endemic area of Peru. Vet Parasitol 130: 99–104.
Bowles J, McManus DP, 1994. Genetic characterization of the Asian Taenia, a newly described taeniid cestode of humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 33–44.
Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ, 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity and progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4673–4680.
Edgar RC, 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res 32: 1792–1797.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S, 2011. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2731–2739.
Posada D, Crandall KA, 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818.
Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F, Nielsen R, Bollback JP, 2001. Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science 14: 2310–2314.
Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Röhl A, 1999. Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16: 37–48.
Rozas J, Sanchez-Del Barrio JC, Messeguer X, Rozas R, 2006. DNA Sequence Polymorphism (DNAsp) ver. 4.10.9. Barcelona, Spain: Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Barcelona.
Schaneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L, 2000. ARLEQUIN: a Software for Population Genetics Data Analysis. Geneva: University of Geneva.
Haag KL, Zaha A, Araújo AM, Gottstein B, 1997. Reduced genetic variability within coding and non-coding regions of the Echinococcus multilocularis genome. Parasitology 115: 521–529.
Gorbachev VV, 2012. Effect of random sample size on the accuracy of nucleotide diversity estimation. Genetika 48: 880–884.
Casulli A, Interisano M, Sreter T, Chitimia L, Kirkova Z, La Rosa G, Pozio E, 2012. Genetic variability of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Europe inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Infect Genet Evol 12: 377–383.
Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, Ito A, 2013. Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Int J Parasitol 43: 1017–1029.
Thompson RCA, 2008. The taxonomy, phylogeny and transmission of Echinococcus. Exp Parasitol 119: 439–446.
Thompson RCA, Lymbety JL, 1995. Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CAB International, 51–87.
Rodriguez-Prado U, Gutierrez-Marin A, Martinez-Ocaña J, Romero-Valdovinos M, Olivo-Diaz A, Hernandez-Castro R, Flisser A, Maravilla P, Martinez-Maya JJ, 2014. Coprological and ultrasonographic study in dogs and sheep of a suburban community in the Estado de México in search of Echinococcus spp. Veterinaria (Mex) 44: S53–S58.
Nakao M, McManus DP, Schantz PM, Craig PS, Ito A, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitocondrial genome. Parasitology 134: 713–722.
Moro PL, Nakao M, Ito A, Schantz PM, Cavero C, Cabrera L, 2009. Molecular identification of Echinococcus isolates from Peru. Parasitol Int 58: 184–186.
Konyaev SV, Yanagida T, Ingovatova GM, Shoikhet YN, Nakao M, Sako Y, Bondarev AY, Ito A, 2012. Molecular identification of human echinococcosis in the Altai region of Russia. Parasitol Int 61: 711–714.
Bardonnet K, Piarroux R, Dia L, Schneegans F, Beurdeley A, Godot V, Vuitton DA, 2002. Combined eco-epidemiological and molecular biology approaches to assess Echinococcus granulosus transmission to humans in Mauritania: occurrence of the ‘camel’ strain and human cystic echinococcosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 383–386.
Thompson RC, Boxell AC, Ralston BJ, Constantine CC, Hobbs RP, Shury T, Olson ME, 2006. Molecular and morphological characterization of Echinococcus in cervids from North America. Parasitology 132: 439–447.
Maillard S, Benchikh-Elfegoun MC, Knapp J, Bart JM, Koskei P, Gottstein B, Piarroux R, 2007. Taxonomic position and geographical distribution of the common sheep G1 and camel G6 strains of Echinococcus granulosus in three African countries. Parasitol Res 100: 495–503.
Moks E, Jogisalu I, Valdmann H, Saarma U, 2008. First report of Echinococcus granulosus G8 in Eurasia and a reappraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of ‘genotypes’ G5-G10. Parasitology 135: 647–654.
Hailemariam Z, Nakao M, Menkir S, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, Okamoto M, Ito A, 2012. Molecular identification of unilocular hydatid cysts from domestic ungulates in Ethiopia: implications for human infections. Parasitol Int 61: 375–377.
Varcasia A, Canu S, Kogkos A, Pipia AP, Scala A, Garippa G, Seimenis A, 2007. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and goats of Peloponnesus, Greece. Parasitol Res 101: 1135–1139.
Lavikainen A, Lehtinen MJ, Meri T, Hirvelä-Koski V, Meri S, 2003. Molecular genetic characterization of the Fennoscandian cervid strain, a new genotypic group (G10) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 127: 207–215.
Bart JM, Morariu S, Knapp J, Ilie MS, Pitulescu M, Anghel A, Cosoroaba I, Piarroux R, 2006. Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania. Parasitol Res 98: 130–137.
Piccoli L, Bazzocchi C, Brunetti E, Mihailescu P, Bandi C, Mastalier B, Cordos I, Beuran M, Popa LG, Meroni V, Genco F, Cretu C, 2013. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in south-eastern Romania: evidence of G1-G3 and G6-G10 complexes in humans. Clin Microbiol Infect 19: 578–582.
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We evaluated the genetic variation of Echinococcus G7 strain in larval and adult stages using a fragment of the mitochondrial cox1 gen. Viscera of pigs, bovines, and sheep and fecal samples of dogs were inspected for cystic and canine echinococcosis, respectively; only pigs had hydatid cysts. Bayesian inferences grouped the sequences in an E. canadensis G7 cluster, suggesting that, in Mexico, this strain might be mainly present. Additionally, the population genetic and network analysis showed that E. canadensis in Mexico is very diverse and has probably been introduced several times from different sources. Finally, a scarce genetic differentiation between G6 (camel strain) and G7 (pig strain) populations was identified.
Authors' addresses: Ulises Rodriguez-Prado and Jose Juan Martinez-Maya, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, DF, Mexico, E-mails: amodelmerol123@yahoo.com and jjmm@unam.mx. Diego Emiliano Jimenez-Gonzalez, Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, Direccion General de Educacion Superior Tecnologica (DGEST), Mexico, DF, Mexico, E-mail: diego_emiliano_j@hotmail.com. Guillermina Avila and Ana Flisser, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiologia y Parasitologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, DF, Mexico, E-mails: guilleavila2000@yahoo.com and flisser@unam.mx. Armando E. Gonzalez, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru, E-mail: agonzale@jhsph.edu. Williams Arony Martinez-Flores, Rigoberto Hernandez-Castro, Mirza Romero-Valdovinos, Fernando Martinez-Hernandez, and Pablo Maravilla, Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez,” Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, Mexico, DF, Mexico, E-mails: arony@live.com.mx, rigo37@gmail.com, mirzagrv@yahoo.com, fherxyz@yahoo.com, and maravillap@yahoo.com. Carmen Mondragon de la Peña, Centro de Biologia Experimental, Universidad Autonoma de Zacatecas, DF, Mexico, E-mail: hidatidosiszac@hotmail.com.
Yanagida T, Mohammadzadeh T, Kamhawi S, Nakao M, Sadjjadi SM, Hijjawi N, Abdel-Hafez SK, Sako Y, Okamoto M, Ito A, 2012. Genetic polymorphisms of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in the Middle East. Parasitol Int 61: 599–603.
Nakao M, Yanagida T, Konyaev S, Lavikainen A, Odnokurtsev VA, Zaikov VA, Ito A, 2013. Mitochondrial phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae) with emphasis on relationships among Echinococcus canadensis genotypes. Parasitology 140: 1595–1601.
McManus DP, 2013. Current status of the genetics and molecular taxonomy of Echinococcus species. Parasitology 11: 1–7.
Schantz PM, Chai J, Craig PS, Eckert J, Jenkins DJ, Macpherson CNL, Thakur A, 1995. Epidemiology and control of hydatid disease. Thompson RCA, Lymbery AJ, eds. Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CAB International, 233–331.
Cruz-Reyes A, Constantine CC, Boxell AC, Hobbs RP, Thompson RC, 2007. Echinococcus granulosus from Mexican pigs is the same strain as that in Polish pigs. J Helminthol 81: 287–292.
Salinas-Lopez N, Jimenez-Guzman F, Cruz-Reyes A, 1996. Presence of Echinococcus oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863) Lühe, 1910 in Lynx rufus texensis Allen, 1895 from San Fernando, Tamaulipas state, in north-east Mexico. Int J Parasitol 26: 793–796.
Maravilla P, Thompson RCA, Palacios-Ruiz JA, Estcourt A, Ramirez-Solis E, Mondragon de la Peña C, Moreno-Moller M, Cardenas-Mejia A, Mata-Miranda P, Aguirre-Alcantara MT, Bonilla-Rodriguez C, Flisser A, 2004. Echinococcus granulosus cattle strain identification in an autochthonous case of cystic echinococcosis in central Mexico. Acta Trop 92: 231–236.
Villalobos N, González LM, Morales J, de Aluja AS, Jiménez MI, Blanco MA, Harrison LJ, Parhouse RM, Gárate T, 2007. Molecular identification of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes (G1 and G7) isolated from pigs in Mexico. Vet Parasitol 147: 185–189.
Schneider R, Gollackner B, Schindl M, Tucek G, Auer H, 2010. Echinococcus canadensis G7 (pig strain): an underestimated cause of cystic echinococcosis in Austria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 871–874.
Dybicz M, Gierczak A, Dąbrowska J, Rdzanek Ł, Michałowicz B, 2013. Molecular diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis in humans from central Poland. Parasitol Int 62: 364–367.
Sharma M, Fomda BA, Mazta S, Sehgal R, Bagicha Singh B, Malla N, 2013. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure analysis of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto complex based on mitochondrial DNA signature. PLoS ONE 8: 12.
Allan JC, Craig PS, Garcia Noval J, Mencos F, Liu D, Wang Y, Wen H, Zhou P, Stringer R, Rogan M, Zeyhle E, 1992. Coproantigen detection for immunodiagnosis of echinococcosis and taeniasis in dogs and humans. Parasitology 104: 347–356.
Moro PL, Lopera L, Bonifacio N, Gonzales A, Gilman RH, Moro H, 2005. Risk factors for canine echinococcosis in an endemic area of Peru. Vet Parasitol 130: 99–104.
Bowles J, McManus DP, 1994. Genetic characterization of the Asian Taenia, a newly described taeniid cestode of humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg 50: 33–44.
Thompson JD, Higgins DG, Gibson TJ, 1994. CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity and progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, positions-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22: 4673–4680.
Edgar RC, 2004. MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Res 32: 1792–1797.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S, 2011. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2731–2739.
Posada D, Crandall KA, 1998. Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818.
Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F, Nielsen R, Bollback JP, 2001. Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science 14: 2310–2314.
Bandelt HJ, Forster P, Röhl A, 1999. Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16: 37–48.
Rozas J, Sanchez-Del Barrio JC, Messeguer X, Rozas R, 2006. DNA Sequence Polymorphism (DNAsp) ver. 4.10.9. Barcelona, Spain: Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Barcelona.
Schaneider S, Roessli D, Excoffier L, 2000. ARLEQUIN: a Software for Population Genetics Data Analysis. Geneva: University of Geneva.
Haag KL, Zaha A, Araújo AM, Gottstein B, 1997. Reduced genetic variability within coding and non-coding regions of the Echinococcus multilocularis genome. Parasitology 115: 521–529.
Gorbachev VV, 2012. Effect of random sample size on the accuracy of nucleotide diversity estimation. Genetika 48: 880–884.
Casulli A, Interisano M, Sreter T, Chitimia L, Kirkova Z, La Rosa G, Pozio E, 2012. Genetic variability of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto in Europe inferred by mitochondrial DNA sequences. Infect Genet Evol 12: 377–383.
Nakao M, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, Ito A, 2013. Phylogenetic systematics of the genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae). Int J Parasitol 43: 1017–1029.
Thompson RCA, 2008. The taxonomy, phylogeny and transmission of Echinococcus. Exp Parasitol 119: 439–446.
Thompson RCA, Lymbety JL, 1995. Echinococcus and Hydatid Disease. Wallingford, United Kingdom: CAB International, 51–87.
Rodriguez-Prado U, Gutierrez-Marin A, Martinez-Ocaña J, Romero-Valdovinos M, Olivo-Diaz A, Hernandez-Castro R, Flisser A, Maravilla P, Martinez-Maya JJ, 2014. Coprological and ultrasonographic study in dogs and sheep of a suburban community in the Estado de México in search of Echinococcus spp. Veterinaria (Mex) 44: S53–S58.
Nakao M, McManus DP, Schantz PM, Craig PS, Ito A, 2007. A molecular phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus inferred from complete mitocondrial genome. Parasitology 134: 713–722.
Moro PL, Nakao M, Ito A, Schantz PM, Cavero C, Cabrera L, 2009. Molecular identification of Echinococcus isolates from Peru. Parasitol Int 58: 184–186.
Konyaev SV, Yanagida T, Ingovatova GM, Shoikhet YN, Nakao M, Sako Y, Bondarev AY, Ito A, 2012. Molecular identification of human echinococcosis in the Altai region of Russia. Parasitol Int 61: 711–714.
Bardonnet K, Piarroux R, Dia L, Schneegans F, Beurdeley A, Godot V, Vuitton DA, 2002. Combined eco-epidemiological and molecular biology approaches to assess Echinococcus granulosus transmission to humans in Mauritania: occurrence of the ‘camel’ strain and human cystic echinococcosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 383–386.
Thompson RC, Boxell AC, Ralston BJ, Constantine CC, Hobbs RP, Shury T, Olson ME, 2006. Molecular and morphological characterization of Echinococcus in cervids from North America. Parasitology 132: 439–447.
Maillard S, Benchikh-Elfegoun MC, Knapp J, Bart JM, Koskei P, Gottstein B, Piarroux R, 2007. Taxonomic position and geographical distribution of the common sheep G1 and camel G6 strains of Echinococcus granulosus in three African countries. Parasitol Res 100: 495–503.
Moks E, Jogisalu I, Valdmann H, Saarma U, 2008. First report of Echinococcus granulosus G8 in Eurasia and a reappraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of ‘genotypes’ G5-G10. Parasitology 135: 647–654.
Hailemariam Z, Nakao M, Menkir S, Lavikainen A, Yanagida T, Okamoto M, Ito A, 2012. Molecular identification of unilocular hydatid cysts from domestic ungulates in Ethiopia: implications for human infections. Parasitol Int 61: 375–377.
Varcasia A, Canu S, Kogkos A, Pipia AP, Scala A, Garippa G, Seimenis A, 2007. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in sheep and goats of Peloponnesus, Greece. Parasitol Res 101: 1135–1139.
Lavikainen A, Lehtinen MJ, Meri T, Hirvelä-Koski V, Meri S, 2003. Molecular genetic characterization of the Fennoscandian cervid strain, a new genotypic group (G10) of Echinococcus granulosus. Parasitology 127: 207–215.
Bart JM, Morariu S, Knapp J, Ilie MS, Pitulescu M, Anghel A, Cosoroaba I, Piarroux R, 2006. Genetic typing of Echinococcus granulosus in Romania. Parasitol Res 98: 130–137.
Piccoli L, Bazzocchi C, Brunetti E, Mihailescu P, Bandi C, Mastalier B, Cordos I, Beuran M, Popa LG, Meroni V, Genco F, Cretu C, 2013. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in south-eastern Romania: evidence of G1-G3 and G6-G10 complexes in humans. Clin Microbiol Infect 19: 578–582.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1457 | 1260 | 60 |
Full Text Views | 579 | 11 | 0 |
PDF Downloads | 81 | 11 | 0 |