ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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de Mast Q, Groot E, Asih PB, Syafruddin D, Oosting M, Sebastian S, Ferwerda B, Netea MG, de Groot PG, van der Ven AJ, Fijnheer R, 2009. ADAMTS13 deficiency with elevated levels of ultra-large and active von Willebrand factor in P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 492–498.
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Malaria-Induced Splenic Infarction
Jeong-Hwan Hwang
Jeong-Hwan Hwang
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Chang-Seop Lee
Chang-Seop Lee
Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Current site
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Splenic infarction is a rare complication of malaria. We report two recent cases of splenic infarction after Plasmodium vivax infection. No systematic review of malaria-induced splenic infarction was available, therefore we conducted a systematic review of the English, French, and Spanish literature in PubMed and KoreaMed for reports of malaria-associated splenic infarction from 1960 to 2012. Of the 40 cases collected on splenic infarction by Plasmodium species, 23 involved P. vivax, 11 Plasmodium falciparum, one Plasmodium ovale, and five a mixed infection of P. vivax and P. falciparum. Of the 40 cases, 2 (5.0%) involved splenectomy and 5 (12.5%) were accompanied by splenic rupture. The median time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 8.5 days (range, 3–90 days). Improved findings after treatment were observed in 8 (88.9%) of 9 patients with splenic infarction on follow-up by computed tomography or ultrasonography. All patients survived after treatment with the exception of one patient with cerebral malaria. Clinicians should consider the possibility of splenic infarction when malaria-infected patients have left upper quadrant pain.
Author Notes
Financial support: This paper was supported by research funds from Chonbuk National University in 2013. This paper was supported by Fund of Chonbuk National University Hospital Research Institute of Clinical Medicine.
Authors' addresses: Jeong-Hwan Hwang, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, E-mail: smilehwang77@hanmail.net. Chang-Seop Lee, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea, E-mail: lcsmd@jbnu.ac.kr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Stanley J, 1997. Malaria. Emerg Med Clin North Am 15: 113–155.
-
2.
World Health Organization, 2013. World Malaria Report. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2013/report/en/. Accessed May 20, 2014.
-
3.
Cox-Singh J, Davis TM, Lee KS, Shamsul SS, Matusop A, Ratnam S, Rahman HA, Conway DJ, Singh B, 2010. Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening. Clin Infect Dis 46: 165–171.
-
4.
Anstey NM, Douglas NM, Poespoprodjo JR, Price RN, 2012. Plasmodium vivax: clinical spectrum, risk factors and pathogenesis. Adv Parasitol 80: 151–201.
-
5.
Zingman BS, Viner BL, 1993. Splenic complications in malaria: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 16: 223–232.
-
6.
Bonnard P, Guiard-Schmid JB, Develoux M, Rozenbaum W, Pialoux G, 2005. Splenic infarction during acute malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 82–86.
-
7.
Jung EJ, Choo EJ, Kim TH, Jeon MH, Lee EJ, Cho YS, Lee HY, Kim JY, 2008. Two cases of vivax malaria accompanied by splenic complications (such as splenic rupture and splenic infarction). Infect Chemother 40: 179–183.
-
8.
Cho HJ, Kim KH, Kim JI, Ahn CH, Yoo SJ, Lim KW, Kim JS, 2008. Splenic infarction caused by vivax malaria. J Korean Surg Soc 75: 213–215.
-
9.
Jeong SK, Oh YM, Choi SM, Choi KH, Lee WJ, Kim SK, 2002. Clinical manifestations of vivax malaria diagnosed patients. J Korean Soc Emerg Med 13: 187–192.
-
10.
Barber BE, William T, Grigg MJ, Menon J, Auburn S, Marfurt J, Anstey NM, Yeo TW, 2013. A prospective comparative study of knowlesi, falciparum, and vivax malaria in Sabah, Malaysia: high proportion with severe disease from Plasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium vivax but no mortality with early referral and artesunate therapy. Clin Infect Dis 56: 383–397.
-
11.
Rodríguez-Morales AJ, Sánchez E, Vargas M, Piccolo C, Colina R, Arria M, Franco-Paredes C, 2005. Occurrence of thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Clin Infect Dis 41: 130–131.
-
12.
Cinquetti G, Banal F, Rondel C, Plancade D, de Saint Roman C, Adriamanantena D, Ragot C, Védy S, Graffin B, 2010. Splenic infarction during Plasmodium ovale acute malaria: first case reported. Malar J 9: 288.
-
13.
Kim A, Park YK, Lee JS, Chung MH, Kim ES, 2007. A case of symptomatic splenic infarction in vivax malaria. Korean J Parasitol 45: 55–58.
-
14.
Imbert P, Rapp C, Buffet PA, 2009. Pathological rupture of the spleen in malaria: analysis of 55 cases (1958–2008). Travel Med Infect Dis 7: 147–159.
-
15.
Nores M, Phillips EH, Morgenstern L, Hiatt JR, 1998. The clinical spectrum of splenic infarction. Am Surg 64: 182–188.
-
16.
Mohanty D, Ghosh K, Nandwani SK, Shetty S, Phillips C, Rizvi S, Parmar BD, 1997. Fibrinolysis, inhibitors of blood coagulation, and monocyte derived coagulant activity in acute malaria. Am J Hematol 54: 23–29.
-
17.
Vogetseder A, Ospelt C, Reindl M, Schober M, Schmutzhard E, 2004. Time course of coagulation parameters, cytokines and adhesion molecules in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int Health 9: 767–773.
-
18.
de Mast Q, Groot E, Asih PB, Syafruddin D, Oosting M, Sebastian S, Ferwerda B, Netea MG, de Groot PG, van der Ven AJ, Fijnheer R, 2009. ADAMTS13 deficiency with elevated levels of ultra-large and active von Willebrand factor in P. falciparum and P. vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 492–498.
-
19.
Francischetti IM, 2008. Does activation of the blood coagulation cascade have a role in malaria pathogenesis? Trends Parasitol 24: 258–263.
-
20.
Prommano O, Chaisri U, Turner GD, Wilairatana P, Ferguson DJ, Viriyavejakul P, White NJ, Pongponratn E, 2005. A quantitative ultrastructural study of the liver and the spleen in fatal falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 36: 1359–1370.
-
21.
Pongponratn E, Riganti M, Bunnag D, Harinasuta T, 1987. Spleen in falciparum malaria: ultrastructural study. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 18: 491–501.
-
22.
Hemmer CJ, Kern P, Holst FG, Radtke KP, Egbring R, Bierhaus A, Nawroth PP, Dietrich M, 1991. Activation of the host response in human Plasmodium falciparum malaria: relation of parasitemia to tumor necrosis factor/cachectin, thrombin-antithrombin III, and protein C levels. Am J Med 91: 37–44.
-
23.
Anstey NM, Russell B, Yeo TW, Price RN, 2009. The pathophysiology of vivax malaria. Trends Parasitol 25: 220–227.
-
24.
Sinha A, Singh G, Bhat AS, Mohapatra S, Gulati A, Hari P, Samantaray JC, Dinda AK, Agarwal SK, Bagga A, 2013. Thrombotic microangiopathy and acute kidney injury following vivax malaria. Clin Exp Nephrol 17: 66–72.
-
25.
Lubitz JM, 1949. Pathology of the ruptured spleen in acute vivax malaria. Blood 4: 1168–1176.
-
26.
Francischetti IM, Seydel KB, Monteiro RQ, Whitten RO, Erexson CR, Noronha AL, Ostera GR, Kamiza SB, Molyneux ME, Ward JM, Taylor TE, 2007. Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes induce tissue factor expression in endothelial cells and support the assembly of multimolecular coagulation complexes. J Thromb Haemost 5: 155–165.
-
27.
Turner GD, Ly VC, Nguyen TH, Tran TH, Nguyen HP, Bethell D, Wyllie S, Louwrier K, Fox SB, Gatter KC, Day NP, Tran TH, White NJ, Berendt AR, 1998. Systemic endothelial activation occurs in both mild and severe malaria. Correlating dermal microvascular endothelial cell phenotype and soluble cell adhesion molecules with disease severity. Am J Pathol 152: 1477–1487.
-
28.
Pongponratn E, Riganti M, Punpoowong B, Aikawa M, 1991. Microvascular sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in human falciparum malaria: a pathological study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 168–175.
-
29.
Pongponratn E, Turner GD, Day NP, Phu NH, Simpson JA, Stepniewska K, Mai NT, Viriyavejakul P, Looareesuwan S, Hien TT, Ferguson DJ, White NJ, 2003. An ultrastructural study of the brain in fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 345–359.
-
30.
Turner GD, Morrison H, Jones M, Davis TM, Looareesuwan S, Buley ID, Gatter KC, Newbold CI, Pukritayakamee S, Nagachinta B, 1994. An immunohistochemical study of the pathology of fatal malaria. Am J Pathol 145: 1057–1069.
-
31.
Nguansangiam S, Day NP, Hien TT, Mai NT, Chaisri U, Riganti M, Dondorp AM, Lee SJ, Phu NH, Turner GD, White NJ, Ferguson DJ, Pongponratn E, 2007. A quantitative ultrastructural study of renal pathology in fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1037–1050.
-
32.
Hanson J, Lam SW, Mahanta KC, Pattnaik R, Alam S, Mohanty S, Hasan MU, Hossain A, Charunwatthana P, Chotivanich K, Maude RJ, Kingston H, Day NP, Mishra S, White NJ, Dondorp AM, 2012. Relative contributions of macrovascular and microvascular dysfunction to disease severity in falciparum malaria. J Infect Dis 206: 571–579.
-
33.
Andrade BB, Reis-Filho A, Souza-Neto SM, Clarêncio J, Camargo LM, Barral A, Barral-Netto M, 2010. Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria exhibits marked inflammatory imbalance. Malar J 9: 13.
-
34.
Ohnishi K, 1999. Serum levels of thrombomodulin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin in the acute phase of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 248–250.
-
35.
Bassat Q, Alonso PL, 2011. Defying malaria: fathoming severe Plasmodium vivax disease. Nat Med 17: 48–49.
-
36.
Carvalho BO, Lopes SC, Nogueira PA, Orlandi PP, Bargieri DY, Blanco YC, Mamoni R, Leite JA, Rodrigues MM, Soares IS, Oliveira TR, Wunderlich G, Lacerda MV, del Portillo HA, Araújo MO, Russell B, Suwanarusk R, Snounou G, Rénia L, Costa FT, 2010. On the cytoadhesion of Plasmodium vivax-infected erythrocytes. J Infect Dis 202: 638–647.
-
37.
Chotivanich K, Udomsangpetch R, Suwanarusk R, Pukrittayakamee S, Wilairatana P, Beeson JG, Day NP, White NJ, 2012. Plasmodium vivax adherence to placental glycosaminoglycans. PLoS ONE 7: e34509.
-
38.
Biswas J, Fogla R, Srinivasan P, Narayan S, Haranath K, Badrinath V, 1996. Ocular malaria: a clinical and histopathologic study. Ophthalmology 103: 1471–1475.
-
39.
Lacerda MV, Fragoso SC, Alecrim MG, Alexandre MA, Magalhães BM, Siqueira AM, Ferreira LC, Araújo JR, Mourão MP, Ferrer M, Castillo P, Martin-Jaular L, Fernandez-Becerra C, del Portillo H, Ordi J, Alonso PL, Bassat Q, 2012. Postmortem characterization of patients with clinical diagnosis of Plasmodium vivax malaria: to what extent does this parasite kill? Clin Infect Dis 55: e67–e74.
-
40.
Deitsch KW, Chitnis CE, 2012. Molecular basis of severe malaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 10130–10131.
-
41.
Buffet PA, Safeukui I, Deplaine G, Brousse V, Prendki V, Thellier M, Turner GD, Mercereau-Puijalon O, 2011. The pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in humans: insights from splenic physiology. Blood 117: 381–392.
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