ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mo AX, Agosti JM, Walson JL, Hall BF, Gordon L, 2014. Schistosomiasis elimination strategies and potential role of a vaccine in achieving global health goals. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 54–60.
-
2.
Barsoum RS, Esmat G, El-Baz T, 2013. Human schistosomiasis: clinical perspective: review. J Adv Res 4: 433–444.
-
3.
El-Baz T, Esmat G, 2013. Hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis: review. J Adv Res 4: 445–452.
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4.
Barsoum RS, 2013. Urinary schistosomiasis: review. J Adv Res 4: 453–459.
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5.
King CH, Olbrych SK, Soon M, Singer ME, Carter J, Colley DG, 2011. Utility of repeated praziquantel dosing in the treatment of schistosomiasis in high-risk communities in Africa: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1321.
-
6.
Black CL, Steinauer ML, Mwinzi PN, Evan Secor W, Karanja DM, Colley DG, 2009. Impact of intense, longitudinal retreatment with praziquantel on cure rates of schistosomiasis mansoni in a cohort of occupationally exposed adults in western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 14: 450–457.
-
7.
Barakat R, El Morshedy H, 2011. Efficacy of two praziquantel treatments among primary school children in an area of high Schistosoma mansoni endemicity, Nile Delta, Egypt. Parasitology 138: 440–446.
-
8.
Erko B, Degarege A, Tadesse K, Mathiwos A, Legesse M, 2012. Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2: 235–239.
-
9.
Tallima H, El Ridi R, 2007. Praziquantel binds Schistosoma mansoni adult worm actin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 29: 570–575.
-
10.
Gnanasekar M, Salunkhe AM, Mallia AK, He YX, Kalyanasundaram R, 2009. Praziquantel affects the regulatory myosin light chain of Schistosoma mansoni. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 1054–1060.
-
11.
Wang W, Wang L, Liang YS, 2012. Susceptibility or resistance of praziquantel in human schistosomiasis: a review. Parasitol Res 111: 1871–1877.
-
12.
Utzinger J, Keiser J, Shuhua X, Tanner M, Singer BH, 2003. Combination chemotherapy of schistosomiasis in laboratory studies and clinical trials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 1487–1495.
-
13.
Cioli D, Valle C, Angelucci F, Miele AE, 2008. Will new antischistosomal drugs finally emerge? Trends Parasitol 24: 379–382.
-
14.
Abdul-Ghani R, Loutfy N, el-Sahn A, Hassan A, 2009. Current chemotherapy arsenal for schistosomiasis mansoni: alternatives and challenges. Parasitol Res 104: 955–965.
-
15.
El Ridi RAF, Tallima HA-M, 2013. Novel therapeutic and prevention approaches for schistosomiasis: review. J Adv Res 4: 467–478.
-
16.
El Ridi R, Aboueldahab M, Tallima H, Salah M, Mahana N, Fawzi S, Mohamed SH, Fahmy OM, 2010. In vitro and in vivo activities of arachidonic acid against Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 3383–3389.
-
17.
El Ridi R, Tallima H, Salah M, Aboueldahab M, Fahmy OM, Al-Halbosiy MF, Mahmoud SS, 2012. Arachidonic acid efficacy and mechanism of action in treatment of hamsters infected with Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium. Int J Antimicrob Agents 39: 232–239.
-
18.
Redman CA, Kennington S, Spathopoulou T, Kusel JR, 1997. Interconversion of sphingomyelin and ceramide in adult Schistosoma mansoni. Mol Biochem Parasitol 90: 145–153.
-
19.
Robinson BS, Hii CS, Poulos A, Ferrante A, 1997. Activation of neutral sphingomyelinase in human neutrophils by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Immunology 91: 274–280.
-
20.
El Ridi R, Tallima H, 2006. Equilibrium in lung schistosomula sphingomyelin breakdown and biosynthesis allows very small molecules, but not antibody, to access proteins at the host-parasite interface. J Parasitol 92: 730–737.
-
21.
Tallima H, Al-Halbosiy MF, El Ridi R, 2011. Enzymatic activity and immunolocalization of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium neutral sphingomyelinase. Mol Biochem Parasitol 178: 23–28.
-
22.
Migliardo F, Tallima H, El Ridi R, 2014. Is there a sphingomyelin-based hydrogen bond barrier at the mammalian host-schistosome parasite interface? Cell Biochem Biophys 68: 359–367.
-
23.
Brash AR, 2001. Arachidonic acid as a bioactive molecule. J Clin Invest 107: 1339–1345.
-
24.
Serhan CN, 2005. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxins are the first lipid mediators of endogenous anti-inflammation and resolution. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 73: 141–162.
-
25.
Zhou L, Nilsson A, 2001. Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues. J Lipid Res 42: 1521–1542.
-
26.
Kelley DS, Taylor PC, Nelson GJ, Schmidt PC, Mackey BE, Kyle D, 1997. Effects of dietary arachidonic acid on human immune response. Lipids 32: 449–456.
-
27.
Kelley DS, Taylor PC, Nelson GJ, Mackey BE, 1998. Arachidonic acid supplementation enhances synthesis of eicosanoids without suppressing immune functions in young healthy men. Lipids 33: 125–130.
-
28.
Harbige LS, 2003. Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: a question of n-6 essentiality and the balance between n-6 and n-3. Lipids 38: 323–341.
-
29.
Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Rimm E, Kris-Etherton P, Rudel LL, Appel LJ, Engler MM, Engler MB, Sacks F, 2009. Omega-6 fatty acids and risk for cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Nutrition Subcommittee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 119: 902–907.
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30.
Roberts MD, Iosia M, Kerksick CM, Taylor LW, Campbell B, Wilborn CD, Harvey T, Cooke M, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Wilson R, Jitomir J, Willoughby D, Kreider RB, 2007. Effects of arachidonic acid supplementation on training adaptations in resistance-trained males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 4: 21.
-
31.
Kato K, Miura M, 1954. Comparative examinations of faecal thick smear techniques with cellophane paper covers. Kisechugaku Zasshi 3: 35–37.
-
32.
Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J, 1972. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14: 397–400.
-
33.
Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH, 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226: 497–509.
-
34.
Morrison WR, Smith LM, 1964. Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride–methanol. J Lipid Res 5: 600–608.
-
35.
El Ridi R, Shoemaker CB, Farouk F, El Sherif NH, Afifi A, 2001. Human T- and B-cell responses to Schistosoma mansoni recombinant glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase correlate with resistance to reinfection with S. mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium after chemotherapy. Infect Immun 69: 237–244.
-
36.
Keiser J, Chollet J, Xiao SH, Mei JY, Jiao PY, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2009. Mefloquine—an aminoalcohol with promising antischistosomal properties in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e350.
-
37.
Keiser J, Vargas M, Doenhoff MJ, 2010. Activity of artemether and mefloquine against juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni in athymic and immuno-competent NMRI mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 112–114.
-
38.
Keiser J, N'Guessan NA, Adoubryn KD, Silué KD, Vounatsou P, Hatz C, Utzinger J, N'Goran EK, 2010. Efficacy and safety of mefloquine, artesunate, mefloquine-artesunate, and praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium: randomized, exploratory open-label trial. Clin Infect Dis 50: 1205–1213.
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39.
Ingram K, Duthaler U, Vargas M, Ellis W, Keiser J, 2013. Disposition of mefloquine and enpiroline is highly influenced by a chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57: 4506–4511.
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Xiao SH, 2013. Mefloquine, a new type of compound against schistosomes and other helminthes in experimental studies. Parasitol Res 112: 3723–3740.
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Efficacy and Safety of Arachidonic Acid for Treatment of Schistosoma mansoni-Infected Children in Menoufiya, Egypt
Sahar Selim
Sahar Selim
Department of Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Human Evidence Department, DSM North America, Columbia, Maryland; Research and Development Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
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Ola El Sagheer
Ola El Sagheer
Department of Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Human Evidence Department, DSM North America, Columbia, Maryland; Research and Development Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
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Azza El Amir
Azza El Amir
Department of Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Human Evidence Department, DSM North America, Columbia, Maryland; Research and Development Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
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Rashida Barakat
Rashida Barakat
Department of Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Human Evidence Department, DSM North America, Columbia, Maryland; Research and Development Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
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Kevin Hadley
Kevin Hadley
Department of Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Human Evidence Department, DSM North America, Columbia, Maryland; Research and Development Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
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Maaike J. Bruins
Maaike J. Bruins
Department of Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Human Evidence Department, DSM North America, Columbia, Maryland; Research and Development Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
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Rashika El Ridi
Rashika El Ridi
Department of Parasitology, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Human Evidence Department, DSM North America, Columbia, Maryland; Research and Development Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands
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Arachidonic acid (ARA), an omega-6 fatty acid, kills juvenile and adult schistosomes in vitro and displays highly significant and safe therapeutic effects in mice and hamsters infected with Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium. This study aims to examine the efficacy and safety of ARA in treatment of school-age children infected with S. mansoni. In total, 66 S. mansoni-infected schoolchildren (20–23 children/study arm) received a single dose of 40 mg/kg praziquantel (PZQ), ARA (10 mg/kg per day for 15 days), or PZQ combined with ARA. The children were examined before and after treatment for worm egg counts in stool and blood biochemical and immunological parameters. ARA proved to be as efficacious as PZQ in treatment of schoolchildren with low infection intensity (78% and 85% cure rates, respectively). For moderate-intensity infection, the ARA and PZQ combination led to 100% cure rate. Biochemical, hematological, and immunological parameters were either unchanged or ameliorated after ARA therapy.
Author Notes
Financial support: Funding was provided by DSM North America.
Authors' addresses: Sahar Selim, Parasitology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Menoufiya, Egypt, E-mail: saharselim@yahoo.com. Ola El Sagheer, Azza El Amir, and Rashika El Ridi, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt, E-mails: ola_immu@yahoo.com, azzaelamir@yahoo.com, and rashika@mailer.eun.eg. Rashida Barakat, Tropical Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, E-mail: rashidabarakat@yahoo.com. Kevin Hadley, Human Evidence Department, DSM North America, Columbia, MD, E-mail: kevin.hadley@DSM.com. Maaike J. Bruins, Research and Development Department, DSM Biotechnology Center, Delft, The Netherlands, E-mail: maaike.bruins@DSM.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Mo AX, Agosti JM, Walson JL, Hall BF, Gordon L, 2014. Schistosomiasis elimination strategies and potential role of a vaccine in achieving global health goals. Am J Trop Med Hyg 90: 54–60.
-
2.
Barsoum RS, Esmat G, El-Baz T, 2013. Human schistosomiasis: clinical perspective: review. J Adv Res 4: 433–444.
-
3.
El-Baz T, Esmat G, 2013. Hepatic and intestinal schistosomiasis: review. J Adv Res 4: 445–452.
-
4.
Barsoum RS, 2013. Urinary schistosomiasis: review. J Adv Res 4: 453–459.
-
5.
King CH, Olbrych SK, Soon M, Singer ME, Carter J, Colley DG, 2011. Utility of repeated praziquantel dosing in the treatment of schistosomiasis in high-risk communities in Africa: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1321.
-
6.
Black CL, Steinauer ML, Mwinzi PN, Evan Secor W, Karanja DM, Colley DG, 2009. Impact of intense, longitudinal retreatment with praziquantel on cure rates of schistosomiasis mansoni in a cohort of occupationally exposed adults in western Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 14: 450–457.
-
7.
Barakat R, El Morshedy H, 2011. Efficacy of two praziquantel treatments among primary school children in an area of high Schistosoma mansoni endemicity, Nile Delta, Egypt. Parasitology 138: 440–446.
-
8.
Erko B, Degarege A, Tadesse K, Mathiwos A, Legesse M, 2012. Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, southern Ethiopia. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2: 235–239.
-
9.
Tallima H, El Ridi R, 2007. Praziquantel binds Schistosoma mansoni adult worm actin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 29: 570–575.
-
10.
Gnanasekar M, Salunkhe AM, Mallia AK, He YX, Kalyanasundaram R, 2009. Praziquantel affects the regulatory myosin light chain of Schistosoma mansoni. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 1054–1060.
-
11.
Wang W, Wang L, Liang YS, 2012. Susceptibility or resistance of praziquantel in human schistosomiasis: a review. Parasitol Res 111: 1871–1877.
-
12.
Utzinger J, Keiser J, Shuhua X, Tanner M, Singer BH, 2003. Combination chemotherapy of schistosomiasis in laboratory studies and clinical trials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47: 1487–1495.
-
13.
Cioli D, Valle C, Angelucci F, Miele AE, 2008. Will new antischistosomal drugs finally emerge? Trends Parasitol 24: 379–382.
-
14.
Abdul-Ghani R, Loutfy N, el-Sahn A, Hassan A, 2009. Current chemotherapy arsenal for schistosomiasis mansoni: alternatives and challenges. Parasitol Res 104: 955–965.
-
15.
El Ridi RAF, Tallima HA-M, 2013. Novel therapeutic and prevention approaches for schistosomiasis: review. J Adv Res 4: 467–478.
-
16.
El Ridi R, Aboueldahab M, Tallima H, Salah M, Mahana N, Fawzi S, Mohamed SH, Fahmy OM, 2010. In vitro and in vivo activities of arachidonic acid against Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54: 3383–3389.
-
17.
El Ridi R, Tallima H, Salah M, Aboueldahab M, Fahmy OM, Al-Halbosiy MF, Mahmoud SS, 2012. Arachidonic acid efficacy and mechanism of action in treatment of hamsters infected with Schistosoma mansoni or S. haematobium. Int J Antimicrob Agents 39: 232–239.
-
18.
Redman CA, Kennington S, Spathopoulou T, Kusel JR, 1997. Interconversion of sphingomyelin and ceramide in adult Schistosoma mansoni. Mol Biochem Parasitol 90: 145–153.
-
19.
Robinson BS, Hii CS, Poulos A, Ferrante A, 1997. Activation of neutral sphingomyelinase in human neutrophils by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Immunology 91: 274–280.
-
20.
El Ridi R, Tallima H, 2006. Equilibrium in lung schistosomula sphingomyelin breakdown and biosynthesis allows very small molecules, but not antibody, to access proteins at the host-parasite interface. J Parasitol 92: 730–737.
-
21.
Tallima H, Al-Halbosiy MF, El Ridi R, 2011. Enzymatic activity and immunolocalization of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium neutral sphingomyelinase. Mol Biochem Parasitol 178: 23–28.
-
22.
Migliardo F, Tallima H, El Ridi R, 2014. Is there a sphingomyelin-based hydrogen bond barrier at the mammalian host-schistosome parasite interface? Cell Biochem Biophys 68: 359–367.
-
23.
Brash AR, 2001. Arachidonic acid as a bioactive molecule. J Clin Invest 107: 1339–1345.
-
24.
Serhan CN, 2005. Lipoxins and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxins are the first lipid mediators of endogenous anti-inflammation and resolution. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 73: 141–162.
-
25.
Zhou L, Nilsson A, 2001. Sources of eicosanoid precursor fatty acid pools in tissues. J Lipid Res 42: 1521–1542.
-
26.
Kelley DS, Taylor PC, Nelson GJ, Schmidt PC, Mackey BE, Kyle D, 1997. Effects of dietary arachidonic acid on human immune response. Lipids 32: 449–456.
-
27.
Kelley DS, Taylor PC, Nelson GJ, Mackey BE, 1998. Arachidonic acid supplementation enhances synthesis of eicosanoids without suppressing immune functions in young healthy men. Lipids 33: 125–130.
-
28.
Harbige LS, 2003. Fatty acids, the immune response, and autoimmunity: a question of n-6 essentiality and the balance between n-6 and n-3. Lipids 38: 323–341.
-
29.
Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Rimm E, Kris-Etherton P, Rudel LL, Appel LJ, Engler MM, Engler MB, Sacks F, 2009. Omega-6 fatty acids and risk for cardiovascular disease: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Nutrition Subcommittee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation 119: 902–907.
-
30.
Roberts MD, Iosia M, Kerksick CM, Taylor LW, Campbell B, Wilborn CD, Harvey T, Cooke M, Rasmussen C, Greenwood M, Wilson R, Jitomir J, Willoughby D, Kreider RB, 2007. Effects of arachidonic acid supplementation on training adaptations in resistance-trained males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 4: 21.
-
31.
Kato K, Miura M, 1954. Comparative examinations of faecal thick smear techniques with cellophane paper covers. Kisechugaku Zasshi 3: 35–37.
-
32.
Katz N, Chaves A, Pellegrino J, 1972. A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in schistosomiasis mansoni. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 14: 397–400.
-
33.
Folch J, Lees M, Sloane Stanley GH, 1957. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem 226: 497–509.
-
34.
Morrison WR, Smith LM, 1964. Preparation of fatty acid methyl esters and dimethylacetals from lipids with boron fluoride–methanol. J Lipid Res 5: 600–608.
-
35.
El Ridi R, Shoemaker CB, Farouk F, El Sherif NH, Afifi A, 2001. Human T- and B-cell responses to Schistosoma mansoni recombinant glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase correlate with resistance to reinfection with S. mansoni or Schistosoma haematobium after chemotherapy. Infect Immun 69: 237–244.
-
36.
Keiser J, Chollet J, Xiao SH, Mei JY, Jiao PY, Utzinger J, Tanner M, 2009. Mefloquine—an aminoalcohol with promising antischistosomal properties in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e350.
-
37.
Keiser J, Vargas M, Doenhoff MJ, 2010. Activity of artemether and mefloquine against juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni in athymic and immuno-competent NMRI mice. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 112–114.
-
38.
Keiser J, N'Guessan NA, Adoubryn KD, Silué KD, Vounatsou P, Hatz C, Utzinger J, N'Goran EK, 2010. Efficacy and safety of mefloquine, artesunate, mefloquine-artesunate, and praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium: randomized, exploratory open-label trial. Clin Infect Dis 50: 1205–1213.
-
39.
Ingram K, Duthaler U, Vargas M, Ellis W, Keiser J, 2013. Disposition of mefloquine and enpiroline is highly influenced by a chronic Schistosoma mansoni infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 57: 4506–4511.
-
40.
Xiao SH, 2013. Mefloquine, a new type of compound against schistosomes and other helminthes in experimental studies. Parasitol Res 112: 3723–3740.
-
41.
Barakat R, Elmorshedy H, Fenwick A, 2005. Efficacy of myrrh in the treatment of human Schistosomiasis mansoni. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 365–367.
-
42.
Botros S, Sayed H, El-Dusoki H, Sabry H, Rabie I, El-Ghannam M, Hassanein M, El-Wahab YA, Engels D, 2005. Efficacy of mirazid in comparison with praziquantel in Egyptian Schistosoma mansoni-infected school children and households. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 119–123.
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