ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Antinori A, Larussa D, Cingolani A, Lorenzini P, Bossolasco S, Finazzi MG, Bongiovanni M, Guaraldi G, Grisetti S, Vigo B, Gigli B, Mariano A, Dalle Nogare ER, De Marco M, Moretti F, Corsi P, Abrescia N, Rellecati P, Castagna A, Mussini C, Ammassari A, Cinque P, d'Arminio Monforte A, 2004. Prevalence, associated factors, and prognostic determinants of AIDS-related toxoplasmic encephalitis in the era of advanced highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1681–1691.
-
2.
Jones JL, Hanson DL, Chu SY, Ciesielski CA, Kaplan JE, Ward JW, Navin TR, 1996. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected persons: risk factors and trends. The Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of Disease Group. AIDS 10: 1393–1399.
-
3.
Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Widdowson MA, Roy SL, Jones JL, Griffin PM, 2011. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States – major pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 7–15.
-
4.
Dubey JP, Jones JL, 2008. Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States. Int J Parasitol 38: 1257–1278.
-
5.
Ho YC, Sun HY, Chen MY, Hsieh SM, Sheng WH, Chang SC, 2008. Clinical presentation and outcome of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 41: 386–392.
-
6.
Montoya JG, Liesenfeld D, 2004. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 363: 1965–1976.
-
7.
Fuentes I, Rubio JM, Ramírez C, Alvar J, 2001. Genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains associated with human toxoplasmosis in Spain: direct analysis from clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 39: 1566–1570.
-
8.
Robert-Gangneux F, Dardé ML, 2012. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 25: 264–296.
-
9.
Falusi O, French AL, Seaberg EC, Tien PC, Watts DH, Minkoff H, Piessens E, Kovacs A, Anastos K, Cohen MH, 2002. Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma seropositivity in women with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 35: 1414–1417.
-
10.
Bartelink ML, Hoek L, Freriks JP, Rutten GE, 1998. Infections in patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 40: 15–19.
-
11.
Bretagne S, Costa JM, Foulet F, Jabot-Lestang L, Baud-Camus F, Cordonnier C, 2000. Prospective study of Toxoplasma reactivation by polymerase chain reaction in allogeneic stem-cell transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2: 127–132.
-
12.
Voegele L, Cheerva AC, Bertolone S, 2013. Cerebral toxoplasmosis after tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplant for neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 35: e50–e52.
-
13.
Jones JL, Roberts JM, 2012. Toxoplasmosis hospitalizations in the United States, 2008, and trends, 1993–2008. Clin Infect Dis 54: e58–e61.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 1992. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Available at: www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/. Accessed July 10, 2012.
-
15.
National Center for Health Statistics; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); US Census Bureau, 2011. United States Bridged-Race Population Estimates 2010 - NCHS. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm. Accessed October 10, 2013.
-
16.
United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2005. Protection of Human Subjects. Title 45 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt 46. Available at: http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/documents/OHRPRegulations.pdf. Accessed April 29, 2014.
-
17.
National Center for Health Statistics, 2007. Bridged-Race Intercensal Estimates of the July 1, 2000–July 1, 2009. United States Resident Population from the Vintage 2006 Postcensal Series by Year, County, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Prepared Under Collaborative Arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm. Accessed April 29, 2014.
-
18.
National Center for Health Statistics, 2010. Life Expectancies for 2000–2010 Were Calculated Using a Revised Methodology and May Differ from Those Previously Published. National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2008. Available at: http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0104.pdf. Accessed July 11, 2012.
-
19.
Redelings MD, Wise M, Sorvillo F, 2007. Using multiple cause-of-death data to investigate associations and causality between conditions listed on the death certificate. Am J Epidemiol 166: 104–108.
-
20.
Bradley CJ, Yabroff KR, Dahman B, Feuer EJ, Mariotto A, Brown ML, 2008. Productivity costs of cancer mortality in the United States: 2000–2020. J Natl Cancer Inst 100: 1763–1770.
-
21.
Grosse SD, Krueger KV, Mvundura M, 2009. Economic productivity by age and sex: 2007 estimates for the United States. Med Care 47: S94–S103.
-
22.
Lipscomb J, Weinstein MC, Torrance GW, 1996. Time preference. Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC, eds. Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 214–246.
-
23.
Weinstein MC, Siegel JE, Gold MR, Kamlet MS, Russell LB, 1996. Recommendations of the panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. JAMA 276: 1253–1258.
-
24.
Halfhill TR, 2012. Tom's Inflation Calculator, v7.5.3. Copyright 1997–2012. Available at: http://www.halfhill.com/inflation.html. Accessed October 1, 2012.
-
25.
Bristow BN, Casil J, Sorvillo F, Basurto-Dávila R, Kuo T, 2013. Melanoma-related mortality and productivity losses in the USA, 1990–2008. Melanoma Res 23: 331–335.
-
26.
Moschetti K, Barragan N, Basurto-Dávila R, Cummings PL, Sorvillo F, Kuo T, 2014. Mortality and productivity losses from Alzheimer disease among U.S. adults aged 40 to 64 years, 1999 to 2010. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, in press.
-
27.
Batz MB, Hoffman S, Morris JG Jr, 2011. Ranking the Risks: The 10 Pathogen-Food Combinations with the Greatest Burden on Public Health. Gainesville, FL: Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida.
-
28.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Global Health–Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, 2013. Parasites–Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection). Available at: www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/prevent.html. Accessed June 22, 2014.
-
29.
Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Sanders-Lewis K, Wilson M, 2007. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States, 1999–2004, decline from the prior decade. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 405–410.
-
30.
Dubey JP, Hill DE, Jones JL, Hightower AW, Kirckland E, Roberts JM, Marcet PL, Lehmann T, Vianna MC, Miska K, Sreekumar C, Kwok OC, Shen SK, Gamble HR, 2005. Prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the United States: risk assessment to consumers. J Parasitol 91: 1082–1093.
-
31.
Jones JL, Sehgal M, Maguire JH, 2002. Toxoplasmosis-associated deaths among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the United States, 1992–1998. Clin Infect Dis 15: 1161.
-
32.
Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KK, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); National Institutes of Health; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America, 2009. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep 58: 1–207.
-
33.
Luft BJ, Hafner R, Korzun AH, Leport C, Antoniskis D, Bosler EM, Bourland DD 3rd, Uttamchandani R, Fuhrer J, Jacobson J, Morlat P, Vilde JL, Remington JS, 1993. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Members of the ACTG 077p/ANRS 009 Study Team. N Engl J Med 329: 995–1000.
-
34.
Dannemann B, McCutchan JA, Israelski D, Antoniskis D, Leport C, Luft B, Nussbaum J, Clumeck N, Morlat P, Chiu J, Vilde JL, Orellana M, Feigal D, Bartok A, Heseltine P, Leedom J, Remington J, 1992. Treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS: randomized trial comparing pyrimethamine plus clindamycin to pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine. The California Collaborative Treatment Group. Ann Intern Med 116: 33–43.
-
35.
Nissapatorn V, 2009. Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS: a living legacy. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 40: 1158–1178.
-
36.
Hessol NA, Buchbinder SP, Colbert D, Scheer S, Underwood R, Barnhart JL, O'Malley PM, Doll LS, Lifson AR, 1992. Impact of HIV infection on mortality and accuracy of AIDS reporting on death certificates. Am J Public Health 82: 561–564.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 878 | 775 | 58 |
| Full Text Views | 424 | 15 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 114 | 15 | 0 |
Trends, Productivity Losses, and Associated Medical Conditions Among Toxoplasmosis Deaths in the United States, 2000–2010
Patricia L. Cummings
Patricia L. Cummings
Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
Search for other papers by Patricia L. Cummings in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Patricia L. Cummings in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Tony Kuo
Tony Kuo
Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
Search for other papers by Tony Kuo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Tony Kuo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Marjan Javanbakht
Marjan Javanbakht
Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
Search for other papers by Marjan Javanbakht in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Marjan Javanbakht in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Frank Sorvillo
Frank Sorvillo
Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California; Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
Search for other papers by Frank Sorvillo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Frank Sorvillo in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Few studies have quantified toxoplasmosis mortality, associated medical conditions, and productivity losses in the United States. We examined national multiple cause of death data and estimated productivity losses caused by toxoplasmosis during 2000–2010. A matched case–control analysis examined associations between comorbid medical conditions and toxoplasmosis deaths. In total, 789 toxoplasmosis deaths were identified during the 11-year study period. Blacks and Hispanics had the highest toxoplasmosis mortality compared with whites. Several medical conditions were associated with toxoplasmosis deaths, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lymphoma, leukemia, and connective tissue disorders. The number of toxoplasmosis deaths with an HIV codiagnosis declined from 2000 to 2010; the numbers without such a codiagnosis remained static. Cumulative disease-related productivity losses for the 11-year period were nearly $815 million. Although toxoplasmosis mortality has declined in the last decade, the infection remains costly and is an important cause of preventable death among non-HIV subgroups.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Patricia L. Cummings and Tony Kuo, Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, E-mails: pcummings@ph.lacounty.gov and tkuo@ph.lacounty.gov. Marjan Javanbakht and Frank Sorvillo, Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, E-mails: javan@ucla.edu and fsorvill@ucla.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Antinori A, Larussa D, Cingolani A, Lorenzini P, Bossolasco S, Finazzi MG, Bongiovanni M, Guaraldi G, Grisetti S, Vigo B, Gigli B, Mariano A, Dalle Nogare ER, De Marco M, Moretti F, Corsi P, Abrescia N, Rellecati P, Castagna A, Mussini C, Ammassari A, Cinque P, d'Arminio Monforte A, 2004. Prevalence, associated factors, and prognostic determinants of AIDS-related toxoplasmic encephalitis in the era of advanced highly active antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis 39: 1681–1691.
-
2.
Jones JL, Hanson DL, Chu SY, Ciesielski CA, Kaplan JE, Ward JW, Navin TR, 1996. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV-infected persons: risk factors and trends. The Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of Disease Group. AIDS 10: 1393–1399.
-
3.
Scallan E, Hoekstra RM, Angulo FJ, Tauxe RV, Widdowson MA, Roy SL, Jones JL, Griffin PM, 2011. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States – major pathogens. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 7–15.
-
4.
Dubey JP, Jones JL, 2008. Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and animals in the United States. Int J Parasitol 38: 1257–1278.
-
5.
Ho YC, Sun HY, Chen MY, Hsieh SM, Sheng WH, Chang SC, 2008. Clinical presentation and outcome of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 41: 386–392.
-
6.
Montoya JG, Liesenfeld D, 2004. Toxoplasmosis. Lancet 363: 1965–1976.
-
7.
Fuentes I, Rubio JM, Ramírez C, Alvar J, 2001. Genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains associated with human toxoplasmosis in Spain: direct analysis from clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 39: 1566–1570.
-
8.
Robert-Gangneux F, Dardé ML, 2012. Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 25: 264–296.
-
9.
Falusi O, French AL, Seaberg EC, Tien PC, Watts DH, Minkoff H, Piessens E, Kovacs A, Anastos K, Cohen MH, 2002. Prevalence and predictors of Toxoplasma seropositivity in women with and at risk for human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Infect Dis 35: 1414–1417.
-
10.
Bartelink ML, Hoek L, Freriks JP, Rutten GE, 1998. Infections in patients with type 2 diabetes in general practice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 40: 15–19.
-
11.
Bretagne S, Costa JM, Foulet F, Jabot-Lestang L, Baud-Camus F, Cordonnier C, 2000. Prospective study of Toxoplasma reactivation by polymerase chain reaction in allogeneic stem-cell transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2: 127–132.
-
12.
Voegele L, Cheerva AC, Bertolone S, 2013. Cerebral toxoplasmosis after tandem high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplant for neuroblastoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 35: e50–e52.
-
13.
Jones JL, Roberts JM, 2012. Toxoplasmosis hospitalizations in the United States, 2008, and trends, 1993–2008. Clin Infect Dis 54: e58–e61.
-
14.
World Health Organization, 1992. International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Available at: www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/. Accessed July 10, 2012.
-
15.
National Center for Health Statistics; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); US Census Bureau, 2011. United States Bridged-Race Population Estimates 2010 - NCHS. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm. Accessed October 10, 2013.
-
16.
United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2005. Protection of Human Subjects. Title 45 Code of Federal Regulations, Pt 46. Available at: http://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/documents/OHRPRegulations.pdf. Accessed April 29, 2014.
-
17.
National Center for Health Statistics, 2007. Bridged-Race Intercensal Estimates of the July 1, 2000–July 1, 2009. United States Resident Population from the Vintage 2006 Postcensal Series by Year, County, Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Prepared Under Collaborative Arrangement with the U.S. Census Bureau. Available at: www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm. Accessed April 29, 2014.
-
18.
National Center for Health Statistics, 2010. Life Expectancies for 2000–2010 Were Calculated Using a Revised Methodology and May Differ from Those Previously Published. National Vital Statistics Reports (NVSR), Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2008. Available at: http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0104.pdf. Accessed July 11, 2012.
-
19.
Redelings MD, Wise M, Sorvillo F, 2007. Using multiple cause-of-death data to investigate associations and causality between conditions listed on the death certificate. Am J Epidemiol 166: 104–108.
-
20.
Bradley CJ, Yabroff KR, Dahman B, Feuer EJ, Mariotto A, Brown ML, 2008. Productivity costs of cancer mortality in the United States: 2000–2020. J Natl Cancer Inst 100: 1763–1770.
-
21.
Grosse SD, Krueger KV, Mvundura M, 2009. Economic productivity by age and sex: 2007 estimates for the United States. Med Care 47: S94–S103.
-
22.
Lipscomb J, Weinstein MC, Torrance GW, 1996. Time preference. Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC, eds. Cost Effectiveness in Health and Medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 214–246.
-
23.
Weinstein MC, Siegel JE, Gold MR, Kamlet MS, Russell LB, 1996. Recommendations of the panel on cost-effectiveness in health and medicine. JAMA 276: 1253–1258.
-
24.
Halfhill TR, 2012. Tom's Inflation Calculator, v7.5.3. Copyright 1997–2012. Available at: http://www.halfhill.com/inflation.html. Accessed October 1, 2012.
-
25.
Bristow BN, Casil J, Sorvillo F, Basurto-Dávila R, Kuo T, 2013. Melanoma-related mortality and productivity losses in the USA, 1990–2008. Melanoma Res 23: 331–335.
-
26.
Moschetti K, Barragan N, Basurto-Dávila R, Cummings PL, Sorvillo F, Kuo T, 2014. Mortality and productivity losses from Alzheimer disease among U.S. adults aged 40 to 64 years, 1999 to 2010. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, in press.
-
27.
Batz MB, Hoffman S, Morris JG Jr, 2011. Ranking the Risks: The 10 Pathogen-Food Combinations with the Greatest Burden on Public Health. Gainesville, FL: Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida.
-
28.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Global Health–Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, 2013. Parasites–Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection). Available at: www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/prevent.html. Accessed June 22, 2014.
-
29.
Jones JL, Kruszon-Moran D, Sanders-Lewis K, Wilson M, 2007. Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States, 1999–2004, decline from the prior decade. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 405–410.
-
30.
Dubey JP, Hill DE, Jones JL, Hightower AW, Kirckland E, Roberts JM, Marcet PL, Lehmann T, Vianna MC, Miska K, Sreekumar C, Kwok OC, Shen SK, Gamble HR, 2005. Prevalence of viable Toxoplasma gondii in beef, chicken, and pork from retail meat stores in the United States: risk assessment to consumers. J Parasitol 91: 1082–1093.
-
31.
Jones JL, Sehgal M, Maguire JH, 2002. Toxoplasmosis-associated deaths among human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the United States, 1992–1998. Clin Infect Dis 15: 1161.
-
32.
Kaplan JE, Benson C, Holmes KK, Brooks JT, Pau A, Masur H; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC); National Institutes of Health; HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Disease Society of America, 2009. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents: recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep 58: 1–207.
-
33.
Luft BJ, Hafner R, Korzun AH, Leport C, Antoniskis D, Bosler EM, Bourland DD 3rd, Uttamchandani R, Fuhrer J, Jacobson J, Morlat P, Vilde JL, Remington JS, 1993. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Members of the ACTG 077p/ANRS 009 Study Team. N Engl J Med 329: 995–1000.
-
34.
Dannemann B, McCutchan JA, Israelski D, Antoniskis D, Leport C, Luft B, Nussbaum J, Clumeck N, Morlat P, Chiu J, Vilde JL, Orellana M, Feigal D, Bartok A, Heseltine P, Leedom J, Remington J, 1992. Treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS: randomized trial comparing pyrimethamine plus clindamycin to pyrimethamine plus sulfadiazine. The California Collaborative Treatment Group. Ann Intern Med 116: 33–43.
-
35.
Nissapatorn V, 2009. Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS: a living legacy. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 40: 1158–1178.
-
36.
Hessol NA, Buchbinder SP, Colbert D, Scheer S, Underwood R, Barnhart JL, O'Malley PM, Doll LS, Lifson AR, 1992. Impact of HIV infection on mortality and accuracy of AIDS reporting on death certificates. Am J Public Health 82: 561–564.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 878 | 775 | 58 |
| Full Text Views | 424 | 15 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 114 | 15 | 0 |