ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Lengeler C, 2004. Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD000363.
-
2.
Lim SS, Fullman N, Stokes A, Ravishankar N, Masiye F, Murray CJL, Gakidou E, 2011. Net benefits: a multicountry analysis of observational data examining associations between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and health outcomes. PLoS Med 8: e1001091.
-
3.
Gimnig JE, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, Vulule JM, Schoute E, Kamau L, Phillips-Howard PA, Kuile Ter FO, Nahlen BL, Hawley WA, 2003. Effect of permethrin-treated bed nets on the spatial distribution of malaria vectors in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl): 115–120.
-
4.
Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Kuile Ter FO, Terlouw DJ, Vulule JM, Ombok M, Nahlen BL, Gimnig JE, Kariuki SK, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, 2003. Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl): 121–127.
-
5.
Binka F, Indome F, Smith T, 1998. Impact of spatial distribution of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on child mortality in rural northern Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 80–85.
-
6.
Howard SC, Omumbo J, Nevill C, Some ES, Donnelly CA, Snow RW, 2000. Evidence for a mass community effect of insecticide-treated bednets on the incidence of malaria on the Kenyan coast. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 357–360.
-
7.
Klinkenberg E, Onwona-Agyeman KA, McCall PJ, Wilson MD, Bates I, Verhoeff FH, Barnish G, Donnelly MJ, 2010. Cohort trial reveals community impact of insecticide-treated nets on malariometric indices in urban Ghana. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 104: 496–503.
-
8.
Killeen GF, Smith TA, Ferguson HM, Mshinda H, Abdulla S, Lengeler C, Kachur SP, 2007. Preventing childhood malaria in Africa by protecting adults from mosquitoes with insecticide-treated nets. PLoS Med 4: e229.
-
9.
Gosoniu L, Vounatsou P, Tami A, Nathan R, Grundmann H, Lengeler C, 2008. Spatial effects of mosquito bednets on child mortality. BMC Public Health 8: 356.
-
10.
Flaxman AD, Fullman N, Otten MW, Menon M, Cibulskis RE, Ng M, Murray CJL, Lim SS, 2010. Rapid scaling up of insecticide-treated bed net coverage in Africa and its relationship with development assistance for health: a systematic synthesis of supply, distribution, and household survey data. PLoS Med 7: e1000328.
-
11.
Roll Back Malaria; MEASURE Evaluation; World Health Organization; Unicef, 2004. Guidelines for Core Populatin Coverage Indicators for Roll Back Malaria: To Be Obtained from Household Surveys. Calverton, MD: MEASURE Evaluation.
-
12.
Filmer D, Pritchett LH, 2001. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data—or tears: an application to educational enrolments in states of India. Demography 38: 115–132.
-
13.
Hay SI, Guerra CA, Gething PW, Patil AP, Tatem AJ, Noor AM, Kabaria CW, Manh BH, Elyazar IRF, Brooker S, Smith DL, Moyeed RA, Snow RW, 2009. A world malaria map: Plasmodium falciparum endemicity in 2007. PLoS Med 6: e1000048.
-
14.
Craig MH, Snow RW, le Sueur D, 1999. A climate-based distribution model of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasitol Today 15: 105–111.
-
15.
Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, 2011. Lme4: Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using S4 Classes. Available at: http://CRARNR-projectorg/package=lme4. Accessed December 1, 2010.
-
16.
R Development Core Team, 2010. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available at: http://wwwR-projectorg/.
-
17.
Ho D, Imai K, King G, Stuart EA, 2007. MatchIt: Nonparametric Preprocessing for Parametric Causal Inference. Citeseer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
-
18.
Choe MK, 1981. Fitting the age pattern of infant and child mortality with the Weibull survival distribution. Asian Pac Cens Forum 7: 10–13.
-
19.
Andersen PK, Klein JP, Knudsen KM, Tabanera y Palacios R, 1997. Estimation of variance in Cox's regression model with shared gamma frailties. Biometrics 53: 1475–1484.
-
20.
Griffin JT, Hollingsworth TD, Okell LC, Churcher TS, White M, Hinsley W, Bousema T, Drakeley CJ, Ferguson NM, Basáñez MG, Ghani AC, 2010. Reducing Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa: a model-based evaluation of intervention strategies. PLoS Med 7: e1000324.
-
21.
Fegan G, Noor A, Akhwale W, Cousens S, Snow R, 2007. Effect of expanded insecticide-treated bednet coverage on child survival in rural Kenya: a longitudinal study. Lancet 370: 1035–1039.
-
22.
Rowland M, Bouma M, Ducornez D, Durrani N, Rozendaal J, Schapira A, Sondorp E, 1996. Pyrethroid-impregnated bed nets for personal protection against malaria for Afghan refugees. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 357–361.
-
23.
Larsen DA, Keating J, Miller J, Bennett A, Changufu C, Katebe C, Eisele TP, 2010. Barriers to insecticide-treated mosquito net possession 2 years after a mass free distribution campaign in Luangwa District, Zambia. PLoS ONE 5: e13129.
-
24.
Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, Jha P, Campbell H, Walker CF, Cibulskis R, Eisele T, Liu L, Mathers C; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF, 2010. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 375: 1969–1987.
-
25.
Eisele TP, Larsen DA, Anglewicz PA, Keating J, Yukich J, Bennett A, Hutchinson P, Steketee RW, 2012. Malaria prevention in pregnancy, birthweight, and neonatal mortality: a meta-analysis of 32 national cross-sectional datasets in Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 12: 942–949.
-
26.
Smith DL, Dushoff J, Snow RW, Hay SI, 2005. The entomological inoculation rate and Plasmodium falciparum infection in African children. Nature 438: 492–495.
-
27.
Bretscher MT, Maire N, Chitnis N, Felger I, Owusu-Agyei S, Smith T, 2011. The distribution of Plasmodium falciparum infection durations. Epidemics 3: 109–118.
-
28.
Eisele TP, Keating J, Littrell M, Larsen D, Macintyre K, 2009. Assessment of insecticide-treated bednet use among children and pregnant women across 15 countries using standardized national surveys. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 209–214.
-
29.
Kilian A, Byamukama W, Pigeon O, Atieli F, Duchon S, Phan C, 2008. Long-term field performance of a polyester-based long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net in rural Uganda. Malar J 7: 49.
-
30.
Erlanger TE, Enayati AA, Hemingway J, Mshinda H, Tami A, Lengeler C, 2004. Field issues related to effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets in Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol 18: 153–160.
-
31.
Sreehari U, Raghavendra K, Rizvi MMA, Dash AP, 2009. Wash resistance and efficacy of three long-lasting insecticidal nets assessed from bioassays on Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles stephensi. Trop Med Int Health 14: 597–602.
-
32.
Rehman AM, Coleman M, Schwabe C, Baltazar G, Matias A, Gomes IR, Yellott L, Aragon C, Nchama GN, Mzilahowa T, Rowland M, Kleinschmidt I, 2011. How much does malaria vector control quality matter: the epidemiological impact of holed nets and inadequate indoor residual spraying. PLoS ONE 6: e19205.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1599 | 1473 | 42 |
| Full Text Views | 399 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 106 | 16 | 0 |
Community Coverage with Insecticide-Treated Mosquito Nets and Observed Associations with All-Cause Child Mortality and Malaria Parasite Infections
David A. Larsen
David A. Larsen
Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Paul Hutchinson
Paul Hutchinson
Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Adam Bennett
Adam Bennett
Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Joshua Yukich
Joshua Yukich
Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Philip Anglewicz
Philip Anglewicz
Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Joseph Keating
Joseph Keating
Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Thomas P. Eisele
Thomas P. Eisele
Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York; Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California; Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Randomized trials and mathematical modeling suggest that insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) provide community-level protection to both those using ITNs and those without individual access. Using nationally representative household survey datasets from 17 African countries, we examined whether community ITN coverage is associated with malaria infections in children < 5 years old and all-cause child mortality (ACCM) among children < 5 years old in households with one or more ITNs versus without any type of mosquito net (treated or untreated). Increasing ITN coverage (> 50%) was protective against malaria infections and ACCM for children in households with an ITN, although this protection was not conferred to children in households without ITNs in these data. Children in households with ITNs were protected against malaria infections and ACCM with ITN coverage > 30%, but this protection was not significant with ITN coverage < 30%. Results suggest that ITNs are more effective with higher ITN coverage.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was funded by a subagreement with the Malaria Control and Evaluation Partnership in Africa (MACEPA), a PATH project with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Authors' addresses: David A. Larsen, Department of Public Health, Food Studies and Nutrition, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, and Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, E-mail: dalarsen@syr.edu. Paul Hutchinson and Philip Anglewicz, Department of Global Health Systems and Development, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, E-mails: phutchin@tulane.edu and panglewi@tulane.edu. Adam Bennett, Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, CA, E-mail: bennetta2@globalhealth.ucsf.edu. Joshua Yukich, Joseph Keating, and Thomas P. Eisele, Center for Applied Malaria Research and Evaluation, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, E-mails: jyukich@tulane.edu, jkeating@tulane.edu, and teisele@tulane.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Lengeler C, 2004. Insecticide-treated bed nets and curtains for preventing malaria. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2: CD000363.
-
2.
Lim SS, Fullman N, Stokes A, Ravishankar N, Masiye F, Murray CJL, Gakidou E, 2011. Net benefits: a multicountry analysis of observational data examining associations between insecticide-treated mosquito nets and health outcomes. PLoS Med 8: e1001091.
-
3.
Gimnig JE, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, Vulule JM, Schoute E, Kamau L, Phillips-Howard PA, Kuile Ter FO, Nahlen BL, Hawley WA, 2003. Effect of permethrin-treated bed nets on the spatial distribution of malaria vectors in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl): 115–120.
-
4.
Hawley WA, Phillips-Howard PA, Kuile Ter FO, Terlouw DJ, Vulule JM, Ombok M, Nahlen BL, Gimnig JE, Kariuki SK, Kolczak MS, Hightower AW, 2003. Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68 (Suppl): 121–127.
-
5.
Binka F, Indome F, Smith T, 1998. Impact of spatial distribution of permethrin-impregnated bed nets on child mortality in rural northern Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 80–85.
-
6.
Howard SC, Omumbo J, Nevill C, Some ES, Donnelly CA, Snow RW, 2000. Evidence for a mass community effect of insecticide-treated bednets on the incidence of malaria on the Kenyan coast. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94: 357–360.
-
7.
Klinkenberg E, Onwona-Agyeman KA, McCall PJ, Wilson MD, Bates I, Verhoeff FH, Barnish G, Donnelly MJ, 2010. Cohort trial reveals community impact of insecticide-treated nets on malariometric indices in urban Ghana. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 104: 496–503.
-
8.
Killeen GF, Smith TA, Ferguson HM, Mshinda H, Abdulla S, Lengeler C, Kachur SP, 2007. Preventing childhood malaria in Africa by protecting adults from mosquitoes with insecticide-treated nets. PLoS Med 4: e229.
-
9.
Gosoniu L, Vounatsou P, Tami A, Nathan R, Grundmann H, Lengeler C, 2008. Spatial effects of mosquito bednets on child mortality. BMC Public Health 8: 356.
-
10.
Flaxman AD, Fullman N, Otten MW, Menon M, Cibulskis RE, Ng M, Murray CJL, Lim SS, 2010. Rapid scaling up of insecticide-treated bed net coverage in Africa and its relationship with development assistance for health: a systematic synthesis of supply, distribution, and household survey data. PLoS Med 7: e1000328.
-
11.
Roll Back Malaria; MEASURE Evaluation; World Health Organization; Unicef, 2004. Guidelines for Core Populatin Coverage Indicators for Roll Back Malaria: To Be Obtained from Household Surveys. Calverton, MD: MEASURE Evaluation.
-
12.
Filmer D, Pritchett LH, 2001. Estimating wealth effects without expenditure data—or tears: an application to educational enrolments in states of India. Demography 38: 115–132.
-
13.
Hay SI, Guerra CA, Gething PW, Patil AP, Tatem AJ, Noor AM, Kabaria CW, Manh BH, Elyazar IRF, Brooker S, Smith DL, Moyeed RA, Snow RW, 2009. A world malaria map: Plasmodium falciparum endemicity in 2007. PLoS Med 6: e1000048.
-
14.
Craig MH, Snow RW, le Sueur D, 1999. A climate-based distribution model of malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Parasitol Today 15: 105–111.
-
15.
Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, 2011. Lme4: Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using S4 Classes. Available at: http://CRARNR-projectorg/package=lme4. Accessed December 1, 2010.
-
16.
R Development Core Team, 2010. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available at: http://wwwR-projectorg/.
-
17.
Ho D, Imai K, King G, Stuart EA, 2007. MatchIt: Nonparametric Preprocessing for Parametric Causal Inference. Citeseer. Cambridge, MA: Harvard.
-
18.
Choe MK, 1981. Fitting the age pattern of infant and child mortality with the Weibull survival distribution. Asian Pac Cens Forum 7: 10–13.
-
19.
Andersen PK, Klein JP, Knudsen KM, Tabanera y Palacios R, 1997. Estimation of variance in Cox's regression model with shared gamma frailties. Biometrics 53: 1475–1484.
-
20.
Griffin JT, Hollingsworth TD, Okell LC, Churcher TS, White M, Hinsley W, Bousema T, Drakeley CJ, Ferguson NM, Basáñez MG, Ghani AC, 2010. Reducing Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa: a model-based evaluation of intervention strategies. PLoS Med 7: e1000324.
-
21.
Fegan G, Noor A, Akhwale W, Cousens S, Snow R, 2007. Effect of expanded insecticide-treated bednet coverage on child survival in rural Kenya: a longitudinal study. Lancet 370: 1035–1039.
-
22.
Rowland M, Bouma M, Ducornez D, Durrani N, Rozendaal J, Schapira A, Sondorp E, 1996. Pyrethroid-impregnated bed nets for personal protection against malaria for Afghan refugees. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 357–361.
-
23.
Larsen DA, Keating J, Miller J, Bennett A, Changufu C, Katebe C, Eisele TP, 2010. Barriers to insecticide-treated mosquito net possession 2 years after a mass free distribution campaign in Luangwa District, Zambia. PLoS ONE 5: e13129.
-
24.
Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, Jha P, Campbell H, Walker CF, Cibulskis R, Eisele T, Liu L, Mathers C; Child Health Epidemiology Reference Group of WHO and UNICEF, 2010. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet 375: 1969–1987.
-
25.
Eisele TP, Larsen DA, Anglewicz PA, Keating J, Yukich J, Bennett A, Hutchinson P, Steketee RW, 2012. Malaria prevention in pregnancy, birthweight, and neonatal mortality: a meta-analysis of 32 national cross-sectional datasets in Africa. Lancet Infect Dis 12: 942–949.
-
26.
Smith DL, Dushoff J, Snow RW, Hay SI, 2005. The entomological inoculation rate and Plasmodium falciparum infection in African children. Nature 438: 492–495.
-
27.
Bretscher MT, Maire N, Chitnis N, Felger I, Owusu-Agyei S, Smith T, 2011. The distribution of Plasmodium falciparum infection durations. Epidemics 3: 109–118.
-
28.
Eisele TP, Keating J, Littrell M, Larsen D, Macintyre K, 2009. Assessment of insecticide-treated bednet use among children and pregnant women across 15 countries using standardized national surveys. Am J Trop Med Hyg 80: 209–214.
-
29.
Kilian A, Byamukama W, Pigeon O, Atieli F, Duchon S, Phan C, 2008. Long-term field performance of a polyester-based long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net in rural Uganda. Malar J 7: 49.
-
30.
Erlanger TE, Enayati AA, Hemingway J, Mshinda H, Tami A, Lengeler C, 2004. Field issues related to effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets in Tanzania. Med Vet Entomol 18: 153–160.
-
31.
Sreehari U, Raghavendra K, Rizvi MMA, Dash AP, 2009. Wash resistance and efficacy of three long-lasting insecticidal nets assessed from bioassays on Anopheles culicifacies and Anopheles stephensi. Trop Med Int Health 14: 597–602.
-
32.
Rehman AM, Coleman M, Schwabe C, Baltazar G, Matias A, Gomes IR, Yellott L, Aragon C, Nchama GN, Mzilahowa T, Rowland M, Kleinschmidt I, 2011. How much does malaria vector control quality matter: the epidemiological impact of holed nets and inadequate indoor residual spraying. PLoS ONE 6: e19205.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1599 | 1473 | 42 |
| Full Text Views | 399 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 106 | 16 | 0 |