- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Clinical feature of patients.
- Results of microscopic examination, culture, PCR, and real-time PCR methods.
- Comparison of sensitivities and specificities of microscopic examination, culture, PCR, and real-time PCR methods.
- Results of high-resolution melting curve real-time PCR.
- Results of ITS1 DNA sequencing.
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Olliaro P, 2012. Standards for cutaneous Leishmaniasis clinical trials published. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdr/news/2013/leishmaniasis. Accessed November 21, 2013.
-
2.
Douba MD, Abbas O, Wali A, Nassany J, Aouf A, Tibbi MS, Kibbi AG, Kurban M, 2012. Chronic cutaneous lesihmaniasis, a great mimicker with various clinical presentations: 12 years experience from Aleppo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 26: 1224–1229.
-
3.
Yemisen M, Ulas Y, Celik H, Aksoy N, 2012. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 7172 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa, between 2001 and 2008. Int J Dermatol 51: 300–304.
-
4.
Daneshbod Y, Oryan A, Davarmanesh M, Shirian S, Negahban S, Aledavood A, Davarpanah MA, Soleimanpoor H, Daneshbod K, 2011. Clinical, histopathologic, and cytologic diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis and literatute review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 135: 478–482.
-
5.
Azmi K, Nasereddin A, Eregat S, Schnur L, Schonian G, Abdeen Z, 2011. Methods incorporating a polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism and their use as a ‘gold standard’ in diagnosing Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 71: 151–155.
-
6.
Bari AU, 2012. Clinical spectrum of cutaneous leishmaniasis: an overview from Pakistan. Dermatol Online J 18: 4.
-
7.
Lopez FA, Hay RJ, 2004. Parasitic worms and protozoa. Burns T, Breathnack S, Cox N, Giffiths C, eds. Rook's Text of Dermatology, Vol. 2, 7th Ed. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Science Ltd., 35.32–35.47.
-
8.
Weigle KA, Labrada LA, Lozano C, Santrich C, Barker DC, 2002. PCR-based diagnosis of acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (viannia). J Clin Microbiol 40: 601–606.
-
9.
Shahbazi F, Shahabi S, Kazemi B, Mohebali M, Abadi AR, Zare Z, 2008. Evaluation of PCR assay in diagnosis and identification of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a comparison with the parasitological methods. Parasitol Res 103: 1159–1162.
-
10.
Meymandi SS, Bahmanyar M, Dabiri S, Aflatonian MR, Bahmanyar S, Meymandi MS, 2010. Comparison of cytologic giemsa and real-time polymerase chain reaction technique for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis on scraping smears. Acta Cytol 54: 539–545.
-
11.
Oliveira DM, Lonardoni MV, Teodoro U, Silveria TG, 2011. Comparison of different primers for PCR-based diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Braz J Infect Dis 15: 204–210.
-
12.
Rodrigues EH, Felinto de Brito ME, Mendonça MG, Werkhauser RP, Coutinho EM, Souza WV, Militao de Albuquerque F, Jardim ML, Abath FG, 2002. Evaluation of PCR for diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in an area of endemicity in northeastern Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 40: 3572–3576.
-
13.
Chargui N, Bastien P, Kallel K, Haouas N, Akrout FM, Masmoudi A, Zili J, Chaker E, Othman AD, Azaiez R, Crobu L, Mezhoud H, Babba H, 2005. Usefulness of PCR in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 762–768.
-
14.
Marfurt J, Nasereddin A, Niederwieser I, Jaffe CL, Beck HP, Felger I, 2003. Identification and differentiation of Leishmania species in clinical samples by PCR amplification of the miniexon sequence and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol 41: 3147–3153.
-
15.
Belli A, Rodriguez B, Aviles H, Harris E, 1998. Simplified polymerase chain reaction detection of new world Leishmania in clinical specimens of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 102–109.
-
16.
Nicolas L, Prina R, Lang T, Milon G, 2002. Real-time PCR for detection and quantitation of Leishmania in mouse tissues. J Clin Microbiol 40: 1666–1669.
-
17.
Talmi-Frank D, Nasereddin A, Schnur LF, Schönian G, Töz SO, Jaffe CL, Baneth G, 2010. Detection and identification of old world Leishmania by high resolution melt analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e581.
-
18.
Demirel R, Erdoğan S, 2009. Determination of high risk regions of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkey using spatial analysis. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 33: 8–14.
-
19.
Uzun S, Uslular C, Yucel A, Acar MA, Ozpoyraz M, Memisoglu HR, 1999. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: evaluation of 3074 cases in the Cukurova region, Turkey. Br J Dermatol 140: 347–350.
-
20.
Bourreau E, Ronet C, Darcissac E, Lise MC, Sainte Marie D, Clity E, Tacchini-Cottier F, Couppie P, Launois P, 2009. Intralesional regulatory T-cell suppressive function during human acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis. Infect Immun 77: 1465–1474.
-
21.
Ghasemian M, Maraghi S, Samarbafzadeh AR, Jelowdar A, Kalantari M, 2011. The PCR-based detection and identification of the parasites causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Iranian city of Ahvaz. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 105: 209–215.
-
22.
da Silva RN, Amorim AC, Brandao RM, de Andrade HM, Yokoo M, Ribeiro ML, Bartchewsky W, Socorro-Silva A, de Castro JA, do Monte SJ, 2010. Real-Time PCR in clinical practice: a powerful tool for evaluating Leishmania chagasi loads in naturally infected dogs. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 104: 137–143.
-
23.
Spanakos G, Patsoula E, Kremastinou T, Saroglou G, Vakalis N, 2002. Development of a PCR-based method for diagnosis of Leishmania in blood samples. Mol Cell Probes 16: 415–420.
-
24.
Bensoussan E, Nasereddin A, Jonas F, Schnur LF, Jaffe CL, 2006. Comparison of PCR assays for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 44: 1435–1439.
-
25.
Carson C, Quinnell RJ, Holden J, Garcez LM, Deborggraeve S, Courtenay O, 2010. Comparison of Leishmania OligoC-Tes T PCR with conventional and real-time PCR for diagnosis of canine Leishmania infection. J Clin Microbiol 48: 3325–3330.
-
26.
Ben Abda I, de Monbrison F, Bousslimi N, Aoun K, Bouratbine A, Picot S, 2011. Advantages and limits of real-time PCR assay and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism for the identification of cutaneous Leishmania species in Tunisia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 17–22.
-
27.
Jirku M, Zemanova E, Al-Jawabreh A, Schönian G, Lukes J, 2006. Development of a direct species-specific PCR assay for differential diagnosis of Leishmania tropica. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 55: 75–79.
-
28.
Mimori T, Matsumoto T, Calvopina MH, Gomez EA, Saya H, Katakura K, Nonaka S, Shamsuzzaman SM, Hashiguchi Y, 2002. Usefulness of sampling with cotton swab for PCR-diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Acta Trop 81: 197–202.
-
29.
Oliveria FS, Pirmez C, Pires MQ, Brazil RP, Pacheco RS, 2005. PCR-based diagnosis for detection of Leishmania in skin and blood of rodents from an endemic area of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Vet Parasitol 129: 219–227.
-
30.
Boggild AK, Ramos AP, Valencia BM, Veland N, Calderon F, Arevalo J, Low DE, Llanos-Cuentas A, 2011. Diagnostic performance of filter paper lesion impression PCR for secondarily infected ulcers and nonulcerative lesions caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 49: 1097–1100.
-
31.
Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, 2008. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, section 33. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001–2007.
-
32.
Bailey MS, Lockwood DN, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Dermatol 25: 203–211.
-
33.
Toz SO, Culha G, Zeyrek FY, Ertabaklar H, Alkan MZ, Vardarlı AT, Gunduz C, Ozbel Y, 2013. A real-time ITS1-PCR based method in the diagnosis and species identification of Leishmania parasite from human and dog clinical samples in Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e2205.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 394 | 189 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 453 | 38 | 16 |
| PDF Downloads | 138 | 14 | 0 |
Comparison of Clinical Samples and Methods in Chronic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Fadime Eroglu
Fadime Eroglu
Emine-Baheddin Nakıboglu Medicine Faculty, Medical Microbiology Department, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Medicine Faculty, Dermatology Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Medicine Faculty, Parasitology Department, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
Search for other papers by Fadime Eroglu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Fadime Eroglu in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Soner Uzun
Soner Uzun
Emine-Baheddin Nakıboglu Medicine Faculty, Medical Microbiology Department, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Medicine Faculty, Dermatology Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Medicine Faculty, Parasitology Department, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
Search for other papers by Soner Uzun in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Soner Uzun in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Ismail Soner Koltas
Ismail Soner Koltas
Emine-Baheddin Nakıboglu Medicine Faculty, Medical Microbiology Department, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey; Medicine Faculty, Dermatology Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey; Medicine Faculty, Parasitology Department, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
Search for other papers by Ismail Soner Koltas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Ismail Soner Koltas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
This study aimed at finding out the most effective clinical samples and methods in chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CCL). Smear, aspiration fluid, and filter paper samples were taken from 104 skin lesions of suspected cases with CCL, and they were compared using microscopic examination, culture, and molecular methods. We characterized four different forms of CCL and identified the causative agents in CCL forms using high-resolution melting curve real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. We observed that smear was detected to be the most sensitive (63.5%) among clinical samples, and real-time polymerase chain reaction method was the most sensitive (96.8%) among the methods used in diagnosis of CCL. We identified 68.8% Leishmania tropica and 31.2% L. infantum in papular lesions, 69.2% L. infantum and 30.8% L. tropica in nodular lesions, 57.9% L. tropica and 42.1% L. major in ulcerating plaque lesions, and 55.5% L. tropica and 44.5% L. major in noduloulcerative lesions in CCL patients.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Fadime Eroglu, Emine-Baheddin Nakıboglu Medicine Faculty, Medical Microbiology Department, Zirve University, Gaziantep, Turkey, E-mail: eroglufadime@hotmail.com. Ismail Soner Koltas, Medicine Faculty, Parasitology Department, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey, E-mail: koltas@cu.edu.tr. Soner Uzun, Medicine Faculty, Dermatology Department, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey, E-mail: sonuzun@hotmail.com.
- Introduction
- Materials and Methods
- Results
- Clinical feature of patients.
- Results of microscopic examination, culture, PCR, and real-time PCR methods.
- Comparison of sensitivities and specificities of microscopic examination, culture, PCR, and real-time PCR methods.
- Results of high-resolution melting curve real-time PCR.
- Results of ITS1 DNA sequencing.
- Discussion
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Olliaro P, 2012. Standards for cutaneous Leishmaniasis clinical trials published. Available at: http://www.who.int/tdr/news/2013/leishmaniasis. Accessed November 21, 2013.
-
2.
Douba MD, Abbas O, Wali A, Nassany J, Aouf A, Tibbi MS, Kibbi AG, Kurban M, 2012. Chronic cutaneous lesihmaniasis, a great mimicker with various clinical presentations: 12 years experience from Aleppo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 26: 1224–1229.
-
3.
Yemisen M, Ulas Y, Celik H, Aksoy N, 2012. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 7172 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Sanliurfa, between 2001 and 2008. Int J Dermatol 51: 300–304.
-
4.
Daneshbod Y, Oryan A, Davarmanesh M, Shirian S, Negahban S, Aledavood A, Davarpanah MA, Soleimanpoor H, Daneshbod K, 2011. Clinical, histopathologic, and cytologic diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis and literatute review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 135: 478–482.
-
5.
Azmi K, Nasereddin A, Eregat S, Schnur L, Schonian G, Abdeen Z, 2011. Methods incorporating a polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism and their use as a ‘gold standard’ in diagnosing Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 71: 151–155.
-
6.
Bari AU, 2012. Clinical spectrum of cutaneous leishmaniasis: an overview from Pakistan. Dermatol Online J 18: 4.
-
7.
Lopez FA, Hay RJ, 2004. Parasitic worms and protozoa. Burns T, Breathnack S, Cox N, Giffiths C, eds. Rook's Text of Dermatology, Vol. 2, 7th Ed. Oxford, United Kingdom: Blackwell Science Ltd., 35.32–35.47.
-
8.
Weigle KA, Labrada LA, Lozano C, Santrich C, Barker DC, 2002. PCR-based diagnosis of acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (viannia). J Clin Microbiol 40: 601–606.
-
9.
Shahbazi F, Shahabi S, Kazemi B, Mohebali M, Abadi AR, Zare Z, 2008. Evaluation of PCR assay in diagnosis and identification of cutaneous leishmaniasis: a comparison with the parasitological methods. Parasitol Res 103: 1159–1162.
-
10.
Meymandi SS, Bahmanyar M, Dabiri S, Aflatonian MR, Bahmanyar S, Meymandi MS, 2010. Comparison of cytologic giemsa and real-time polymerase chain reaction technique for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis on scraping smears. Acta Cytol 54: 539–545.
-
11.
Oliveira DM, Lonardoni MV, Teodoro U, Silveria TG, 2011. Comparison of different primers for PCR-based diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Braz J Infect Dis 15: 204–210.
-
12.
Rodrigues EH, Felinto de Brito ME, Mendonça MG, Werkhauser RP, Coutinho EM, Souza WV, Militao de Albuquerque F, Jardim ML, Abath FG, 2002. Evaluation of PCR for diagnosis of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in an area of endemicity in northeastern Brazil. J Clin Microbiol 40: 3572–3576.
-
13.
Chargui N, Bastien P, Kallel K, Haouas N, Akrout FM, Masmoudi A, Zili J, Chaker E, Othman AD, Azaiez R, Crobu L, Mezhoud H, Babba H, 2005. Usefulness of PCR in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Tunisia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 99: 762–768.
-
14.
Marfurt J, Nasereddin A, Niederwieser I, Jaffe CL, Beck HP, Felger I, 2003. Identification and differentiation of Leishmania species in clinical samples by PCR amplification of the miniexon sequence and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol 41: 3147–3153.
-
15.
Belli A, Rodriguez B, Aviles H, Harris E, 1998. Simplified polymerase chain reaction detection of new world Leishmania in clinical specimens of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 102–109.
-
16.
Nicolas L, Prina R, Lang T, Milon G, 2002. Real-time PCR for detection and quantitation of Leishmania in mouse tissues. J Clin Microbiol 40: 1666–1669.
-
17.
Talmi-Frank D, Nasereddin A, Schnur LF, Schönian G, Töz SO, Jaffe CL, Baneth G, 2010. Detection and identification of old world Leishmania by high resolution melt analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 12: e581.
-
18.
Demirel R, Erdoğan S, 2009. Determination of high risk regions of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Turkey using spatial analysis. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 33: 8–14.
-
19.
Uzun S, Uslular C, Yucel A, Acar MA, Ozpoyraz M, Memisoglu HR, 1999. Cutaneous leishmaniasis: evaluation of 3074 cases in the Cukurova region, Turkey. Br J Dermatol 140: 347–350.
-
20.
Bourreau E, Ronet C, Darcissac E, Lise MC, Sainte Marie D, Clity E, Tacchini-Cottier F, Couppie P, Launois P, 2009. Intralesional regulatory T-cell suppressive function during human acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania guyanensis. Infect Immun 77: 1465–1474.
-
21.
Ghasemian M, Maraghi S, Samarbafzadeh AR, Jelowdar A, Kalantari M, 2011. The PCR-based detection and identification of the parasites causing human cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Iranian city of Ahvaz. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 105: 209–215.
-
22.
da Silva RN, Amorim AC, Brandao RM, de Andrade HM, Yokoo M, Ribeiro ML, Bartchewsky W, Socorro-Silva A, de Castro JA, do Monte SJ, 2010. Real-Time PCR in clinical practice: a powerful tool for evaluating Leishmania chagasi loads in naturally infected dogs. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 104: 137–143.
-
23.
Spanakos G, Patsoula E, Kremastinou T, Saroglou G, Vakalis N, 2002. Development of a PCR-based method for diagnosis of Leishmania in blood samples. Mol Cell Probes 16: 415–420.
-
24.
Bensoussan E, Nasereddin A, Jonas F, Schnur LF, Jaffe CL, 2006. Comparison of PCR assays for diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 44: 1435–1439.
-
25.
Carson C, Quinnell RJ, Holden J, Garcez LM, Deborggraeve S, Courtenay O, 2010. Comparison of Leishmania OligoC-Tes T PCR with conventional and real-time PCR for diagnosis of canine Leishmania infection. J Clin Microbiol 48: 3325–3330.
-
26.
Ben Abda I, de Monbrison F, Bousslimi N, Aoun K, Bouratbine A, Picot S, 2011. Advantages and limits of real-time PCR assay and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism for the identification of cutaneous Leishmania species in Tunisia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 105: 17–22.
-
27.
Jirku M, Zemanova E, Al-Jawabreh A, Schönian G, Lukes J, 2006. Development of a direct species-specific PCR assay for differential diagnosis of Leishmania tropica. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 55: 75–79.
-
28.
Mimori T, Matsumoto T, Calvopina MH, Gomez EA, Saya H, Katakura K, Nonaka S, Shamsuzzaman SM, Hashiguchi Y, 2002. Usefulness of sampling with cotton swab for PCR-diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Acta Trop 81: 197–202.
-
29.
Oliveria FS, Pirmez C, Pires MQ, Brazil RP, Pacheco RS, 2005. PCR-based diagnosis for detection of Leishmania in skin and blood of rodents from an endemic area of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Vet Parasitol 129: 219–227.
-
30.
Boggild AK, Ramos AP, Valencia BM, Veland N, Calderon F, Arevalo J, Low DE, Llanos-Cuentas A, 2011. Diagnostic performance of filter paper lesion impression PCR for secondarily infected ulcers and nonulcerative lesions caused by cutaneous leishmaniasis. J Clin Microbiol 49: 1097–1100.
-
31.
Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, 2008. Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, section 33. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001–2007.
-
32.
Bailey MS, Lockwood DN, 2007. Cutaneous leishmaniasis. Clin Dermatol 25: 203–211.
-
33.
Toz SO, Culha G, Zeyrek FY, Ertabaklar H, Alkan MZ, Vardarlı AT, Gunduz C, Ozbel Y, 2013. A real-time ITS1-PCR based method in the diagnosis and species identification of Leishmania parasite from human and dog clinical samples in Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9: e2205.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 394 | 189 | 5 |
| Full Text Views | 453 | 38 | 16 |
| PDF Downloads | 138 | 14 | 0 |