ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud (MPPS), 2013. Boletines Epidemiologicos (2002–2012). Available at: http://www.mpps.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=section&id=4:boletin-epidemiologico&Itemid=915. Accessed March 3, 2013.
-
2.
San Martin JL, Brathwaite O, Zambrano B, Solorzano JO, Bouckenooghe A, Dayan GH, Guzman MG, 2010. The epidemiology of dengue in the Americas over the last three decades: a worrisome reality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 128–135.
-
3.
Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, Drake JM, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, Sankoh O, Myers MF, George DB, Jaenisch T, Wint GR, Simmons CP, Scott TW, Farrar JJ, Hay SI, 2013. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature 496: 504–507.
-
4.
Barrera R, Navarro JC, Mora JD, Dominguez D, Gonzalez J, 1995. Public service deficiencies and Aedes aegypti breeding sites in Venezuela. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 29: 193–205.
-
5.
Barrera R, Delgado N, Jimenez M, Villalobos I, Romero I, 2000. Stratification of a city with hyperendemic dengue hemorrhagic fever. Rev Panam Salud Publica 8: 225–233.
-
6.
Barrera R, Delgado N, Jimenez M, Valero S, 2002. Eco-epidemiological factors associated with hyperendemic dengue haemorrhagic fever in Maracay city, Venezuela. Dengue Bull 26: 84–94.
-
7.
Kuno G, 1995. Review of the factors modulating dengue transmission. Epidemiol Rev 17: 321–335.
-
8.
Westaway E, Blok J, 1997. Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of flaviviruses. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. London, UK: CAB International, 147–173.
-
9.
World Health Organization, 2012. Dengue and Severe Dengue. Fact Sheet Number 117. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/. Accessed July 10, 2013.
-
10.
Gubler DJ, 1998. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 11: 480–496.
-
11.
World Health Organization, 2009. Dengue Net. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/denguenet/en/index.html. Accessed April 21, 2009.
-
12.
Gubler DJ, 2002. Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends Microbiol 10: 100–103.
-
13.
Kyle JL, Harris E, 2008. Global spread and persistence of dengue. Annu Rev Microbiol 62: 71–92.
-
14.
Barrera R, Avila J, Gonzalez-Tellez S, 1993. Unreliable supply of potable water and elevated Aedes aegypti larval indices: a causal relationship? J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 189–195.
-
15.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, 2003. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas: lessons and challenges. J Clin Virol 27: 1–13.
-
16.
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 1977. Dengue in the Caribbean, 1977. Proceedings of a workshop held in, Montego Bay, Jamaica, May 8–11, 1978. PAHO Sci Publ. 1979, 375.
-
17.
Uzcategui NY, Camacho D, Comach G, Cuello de Uzcategui R, Holmes EC, Gould EA, 2001. Molecular epidemiology of dengue type 2 virus in Venezuela: evidence for in situ virus evolution and recombination. J Gen Virol 82: 2945–2953.
-
18.
Uzcategui NY, Comach G, Camacho D, Salcedo M, Cabello de Quintana M, Jimenez M, Sierra G, Cuello de Uzcategui R, James WS, Turner S, Holmes EC, Gould EA, 2003. Molecular epidemiology of dengue virus type 3 in Venezuela. J Gen Virol 84: 1569–1575.
-
19.
Gubler DJ, Clark GG, 1995. Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever: the emergence of a global health problem. Emerg Infect Dis 1: 55–57.
-
20.
Camacho DE, Alvarez M, Rodriguez-Henriquez F, de Quintana M, Soler M, Chiarello A, Sierra G, Comach G, 2003. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infections in Aragua state, Venezuela: October 1997–December 1998. Invest Clin 44: 91–103.
-
21.
Rico-Hesse R, 1990. Molecular evolution and distribution of dengue viruses type 1 and 2 in nature. Virology 174: 479–493.
-
22.
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 1990. Dengue hemorrhagic fever in Venezuela. Epidemiol Bull 11: 7–9.
-
23.
Rico-Hesse R, Harrison LM, Salas RA, Tovar D, Nisalak A, Ramos C, Boshell J, de Mesa MT, Nogueira RM, da Rosa AT, 1997. Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology 230: 244–251.
-
24.
Salas RA, Tovar D, Barreto A, de Miller E, Leitmeyer K, Rico-Hesse R, 1998. Serotypes and genotypes of dengue virus circulating in Venezuela, 1990–1997. Acta Cient Venez 49 (Suppl 1): 33–37.
-
25.
Navarro J, Zorrilla A, Moncada N, 2009. First record of Aedes albopictus (skuse) in Venezuela. Its importance as dengue vector and actions to address it. Bol Mal Salud Amb 49: 161–166.
-
26.
Ali M, Wagatsuma Y, Emch M, Breiman RF, 2003. Use of a geographic information system for defining spatial risk for dengue transmission in Bangladesh: role for Aedes albopictus in an urban outbreak. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 634–640.
-
27.
Comach G, Blair PJ, Sierra G, Guzman D, Soler M, de Quintana MC, Bracho-Labadie M, Camacho D, Russell KL, Olson JG, Kochel TJ, 2009. Dengue virus infections in a cohort of schoolchildren from Maracay, Venezuela: a 2-year prospective study. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9: 87–92.
-
28.
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INAMEH). Available at: http://www.inameh.gob.ve/pestadistico.php. Accessed June 14, 2012.
-
29.
World Medical Association (WMA), 2013. Declaration of Helsinki—Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Available at: http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/. Accessed April 12, 2013.
-
30.
Clarke D, Casals J, 1958. Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod-borne viruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 7: 561–573.
-
31.
World Health Organization, 1997. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, 2nd Ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
32.
Balmaseda A, 2002. Manual de procedimientos de técnicas para el diagnóstico del dengue. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Oficina regional de la Organización Mundial de la salud. Available at: http://www.paho.org/Spanish/AD/DPC/CD/manual-procedimientos-tecnicos.pdf. Accessed September 18, 2012.
-
33.
Waterman SH, Novak RJ, Sather GE, Bailey RE, Rios I, Gubler DJ, 1985. Dengue transmission in two Puerto Rican communities in 1982. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 625–632.
-
34.
UN-HABITAT, 2003. Slums of the World: The Face of Urban Poverty in the New Millennium? United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) Report. United Nations, Nairobi, Kenya.
-
35.
Rodriguez-Roche R, Villegas E, Cook S, Poh Kim PA, Hinojosa Y, Rosario D, Villalobos I, Bendezu H, Hibberd ML, Guzman MG, 2012. Population structure of the dengue viruses, Aragua, Venezuela, 2006–2007. Insights into dengue evolution under hyperendemic transmission. Infect Genet Evol 12: 332–344.
-
36.
Siqueira-Junior JB, Maciel IJ, Barcellos C, Souza WV, Carvalho MS, Nascimento NE, Oliveira RM, Morais-Neto O, Martelli CM, 2008. Spatial point analysis based on dengue surveys at household level in central Brazil. BMC Public Health 8: 361.
-
37.
Morrison AC, Minnick SL, Rocha C, Forshey BM, Stoddard ST, Getis A, Focks DA, Russell KL, Olson JG, Blair PJ, Watts DM, Sihuincha M, Scott TW, Kochel TJ, 2010. Epidemiology of dengue virus in Iquitos, Peru 1999 to 2005: interepidemic and epidemic patterns of transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e670.
-
38.
Navarrete-Espinosa J, Acevedo-Vales JA, Huerta-Hernandez E, Torres-Barranca J, Gavaldon-Rosas DG, 2006. Prevalence of dengue and leptospira antibodies in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 48: 220–228.
-
39.
Braga C, Luna CF, Martelli CM, de Souza WV, Cordeiro MT, Alexander N, de Albuquerque M de F, Junior JC, Marques ET, 2010. Seroprevalence and risk factors for dengue infection in socio-economically distinct areas of Recife, Brazil. Acta Trop 113: 234–240.
-
40.
Honorio NA, Nogueira RM, Codeco CT, Carvalho MS, Cruz OG, Magalhaes M de A, de Araujo JM, de Araujo ES, Gomes MQ, Pinheiro LS, da Silva Pinel C, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R, 2009. Spatial evaluation and modelling of dengue seroprevalence and vector density in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e545.
-
41.
Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Tellez Y, Imhoff L, Rodriguez Y, Saborio SI, Mercado JC, Perez L, Videa E, Almanza E, Kuan G, Reyes M, Saenz L, Amador JJ, Harris E, 2006. High seroprevalence of antibodies against dengue virus in a prospective study of schoolchildren in Managua, Nicaragua. Trop Med Int Health 11: 935–942.
-
42.
Thai KT, Binh TQ, Giao PT, Phuong HL, Hung le Q, Van Nam N, Nga TT, Groen J, Nagelkerke N, de Vries PJ, 2005. Seroprevalence of dengue antibodies, annual incidence and risk factors among children in southern Vietnam. Trop Med Int Health 10: 379–386.
-
43.
Sabchareon A, Wallace D, Sirivichayakul C, Limkittikul K, Chanthavanich P, Suvannadabba S, Jiwariyavej V, Dulyachai W, Pengsaa K, Wartel TA, Moureau A, Saville M, Bouckenooghe A, Viviani S, Tornieporth NG, Lang J, 2012. Protective efficacy of the recombinant, live-attenuated, CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine in Thai schoolchildren: a randomised, controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet 380: 1559–1567.
-
44.
Burke DS, Nisalak A, Johnson DE, Scott RM, 1988. A prospective study of dengue infections in Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38: 172–180.
-
45.
Graham RR, Juffrie M, Tan R, Hayes CG, Laksono I, Ma'roef C, Erlin, Sutaryo, Porter KR, Halstead SB, 1999. A prospective seroepidemiologic study on dengue in children four to nine years of age in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. I. Studies in 1995–1996. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 412–419.
-
46.
Yew YW, Ye T, Ang LW, Ng LC, Yap G, James L, Chew SK, Goh KT, 2009. Seroepidemiology of dengue virus infection among adults in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore 38: 667–675.
-
47.
Brunkard JM, Robles Lopez JL, Ramirez J, Cifuentes E, Rothenberg SJ, Hunsperger EA, Moore CG, Brussolo RM, Villarreal NA, Haddad BM, 2007. Dengue fever seroprevalence and risk factors, Texas-Mexico border, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1477–1483.
-
48.
World Health Organization and the World Bank, 2002. Dying for Change: Poor People's Experience of Health and Ill Health. The Voices of the Poor Study. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
49.
Instituto Nacional de Estadístitca (INE). Available at: http://www.ine.gov.ve/. Accessed June 2012.
-
50.
San Martin JL, Brathwaite-Dick O, 2007. Integrated strategy for dengue prevention and control in the region of the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Publica 21: 55–63.
-
51.
Gubler DJ, 2011. Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21(st) century. Trop Med Health 39: 3–11.
-
52.
Morrison AC, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Scott TW, Rosenberg R, 2008. Defining challenges and proposing solutions for control of the virus vector Aedes aegypti. PLoS Med 5: e68.
-
53.
Hayes JM, Garcia-Rivera E, Flores-Reyna R, Suarez-Rangel G, Rodriguez-Mata T, Coto-Portillo R, Baltrons-Orellana R, Mendoza-Rodriguez E, De Garay BF, Jubis-Estrada J, Hernandez-Argueta R, Biggerstaff BJ, Rigau-Perez JG, 2003. Risk factors for infection during a severe dengue outbreak in El Salvador in 2000. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 629–633.
-
54.
Hawley WA, Reiter P, Copeland RS, Pumpuni CB, Craig GB Jr, 1987. Aedes albopictus in North America: probable introduction in used tires from northern Asia. Science 236: 1114–1116.
-
55.
Moore CG, Cline BL, Ruiz-Tiben E, Lee D, Romney-Joseph H, Rivera-Correa E, 1978. Aedes aegypti in Puerto Rico: nevironmental determinants of larval abundance and relation to dengue virus transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27: 1225–1231.
-
56.
Yee DA, Allgood D, Kneitel JM, Kuehn KA, 2012. Constitutive differences between natural and artificial container mosquito habitats: vector communities, resources, microorganisms, and habitat parameters. J Med Entomol 49: 482–491.
-
57.
Vanwambeke SO, van Benthem BH, Khantikul N, Burghoorn-Maas C, Panart K, Oskam L, Lambin EF, Somboon P, 2006. Multi-level analyses of spatial and temporal determinants for dengue infection. Int J Health Geogr 5: 5.
-
58.
Pham HV, Doan HT, Phan TT, Minh NN, 2011. Ecological factors associated with dengue fever in a Central Highlands province, Vietnam. BMC Infect Dis 11: 172.
-
59.
Mammen MP, Pimgate C, Koenraadt CJ, Rothman AL, Aldstadt J, Nisalak A, Jarman RG, Jones JW, Srikiatkhachorn A, Ypil-Butac CA, Getis A, Thammapalo S, Morrison AC, Libraty DH, Green S, Scott TW, 2008. Spatial and temporal clustering of dengue virus transmission in Thai villages. PLoS Med 5: e205.
-
60.
Rodriguez-Figueroa L, Rigau-Perez JG, Suarez EL, Reiter P, 1995. Risk factors for dengue infection during an outbreak in Yanes, Puerto Rico in 1991. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 496–502.
-
62.
Endy TP, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, 2002. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol 156: 40–51.
-
63.
McBride WJ, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, 2000. Dengue viral infections; pathogenesis and epidemiology. Microbes Infect 2: 1041–1050.
-
64.
Perez-Pinto EE, Molina de Fernandez DE, 2009. Focal resistance to organosynthetic insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Linneaus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) from different municipalities in Aragua state, Venezuela. Bol Mal Salud Amb 49: 143–150.
-
65.
Newton EA, Reiter P, 1992. A model of the transmission of dengue fever with an evaluation of the impact of ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticide applications on dengue epidemics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 709–720.
-
66.
Luz PM, Vanni T, Medlock J, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP, 2011. Dengue vector control strategies in an urban setting: an economic modelling assessment. Lancet 377: 1673–1680.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1504 | 1120 | 33 |
| Full Text Views | 619 | 18 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 256 | 18 | 1 |
Dengue Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Past and Recent Viral Transmission in Venezuela: A Comprehensive Community-Based Study
Zoraida I. Velasco-Salas
Zoraida I. Velasco-Salas
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela; Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Inmunoserología Viral, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela; Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
Search for other papers by Zoraida I. Velasco-Salas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Zoraida I. Velasco-Salas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Gloria M. Sierra
Gloria M. Sierra
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela; Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Inmunoserología Viral, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela; Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
Search for other papers by Gloria M. Sierra in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Gloria M. Sierra in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Diamelis M. Guzmán
Diamelis M. Guzmán
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela; Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Inmunoserología Viral, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela; Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
Search for other papers by Diamelis M. Guzmán in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Diamelis M. Guzmán in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Julio Zambrano
Julio Zambrano
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela; Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Inmunoserología Viral, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela; Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
Search for other papers by Julio Zambrano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Julio Zambrano in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Daniel Vivas
Daniel Vivas
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela; Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Inmunoserología Viral, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela; Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
Search for other papers by Daniel Vivas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Daniel Vivas in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Guillermo Comach
Guillermo Comach
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela; Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Inmunoserología Viral, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela; Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
Search for other papers by Guillermo Comach in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Guillermo Comach in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Jan C. Wilschut
Jan C. Wilschut
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela; Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Inmunoserología Viral, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela; Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
Search for other papers by Jan C. Wilschut in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Jan C. Wilschut in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Adriana Tami
Adriana Tami
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela; Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Laboratorio de Inmunoserología Viral, Departamento de Virología, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela; Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela; Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Valencia, Venezuela
Search for other papers by Adriana Tami in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Search for other papers by Adriana Tami in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Dengue transmission in Venezuela has become perennial and a major public health problem. The increase in frequency and magnitude of recent epidemics prompted a comprehensive community-based cross-sectional study of 2,014 individuals in high-incidence neighborhoods of Maracay, Venezuela. We found a high seroprevalence (77.4%), with 10% of people experiencing recent infections. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that poverty-related socioeconomic factors (place and duration of residence, crowding, household size, and living in a shack) and factors/constraints related to intradomiciliary potential mosquito breeding sites (storing water and used tires) were linked with a greater risk of acquiring a dengue infection. Our results also suggest that transmission occurs mainly at home. The combination of increasingly crowded living conditions, growing population density, precarious homes, and water storage issues caused by enduring problems in public services in Maracay are the most likely factors that determine the permanent dengue transmission and the failure of vector control programs.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study received financial support from Shell de Venezuela, Industrias Venezolanas de Iluminación S.A. (IVISA), Ferretería Hermanos Fridegotto, PC Actual Valencia according to the Organic Law of Science, Technology and Innovation (LOCTI; Certification Number DGCAFIDCTI/204-214-10) and was approved by the Coordinación de Aplicación de Fondos e Incentivos para el Desarrollo de Planes de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Financial support was also through the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología e Innovación (FONACIT; Project 2011000303, Contract Number 201100129), Venezuelan Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Venezuela. The project was also partly financed by the Vollmer Foundation of Venezuela and the Department of Medical Microbiology, Molecular Virology Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Authors' addresses: Zoraida I. Velasco-Salas, Jan C. Wilschut, and Adriana Tami, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, E-mails: z.velasco@umcg.nl, zvelasco@uc.edu.ve, J.C.Wilschut@umcg.nl, and a.tami@umcg.nl. Gloria M. Sierra, Diamelis M. Guzmán, and Guillermo Comach, Laboratorio Regional de Diagnóstico e Investigación del Dengue y otras Enfermedades Virales (LARDIDEV), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Carabobo (BIOMED-UC), Maracay, Venezuela, E-mails: gmsierrac@yahoo.com, diaguz17@yahoo.es, and gcomach@yahoo.com. Julio Zambrano, Instituto Nacional de Higiene “Rafael Rangel,” Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud, Caracas, Venezuela, E-mail: jcz_2000@yahoo.com. Daniel Vivas, Unidad de Proyectos de Aragua, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo, Maracay, Venezuela, E-mail: vivaszdaniel@yahoo.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Salud (MPPS), 2013. Boletines Epidemiologicos (2002–2012). Available at: http://www.mpps.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=section&id=4:boletin-epidemiologico&Itemid=915. Accessed March 3, 2013.
-
2.
San Martin JL, Brathwaite O, Zambrano B, Solorzano JO, Bouckenooghe A, Dayan GH, Guzman MG, 2010. The epidemiology of dengue in the Americas over the last three decades: a worrisome reality. Am J Trop Med Hyg 82: 128–135.
-
3.
Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, Drake JM, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, Sankoh O, Myers MF, George DB, Jaenisch T, Wint GR, Simmons CP, Scott TW, Farrar JJ, Hay SI, 2013. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature 496: 504–507.
-
4.
Barrera R, Navarro JC, Mora JD, Dominguez D, Gonzalez J, 1995. Public service deficiencies and Aedes aegypti breeding sites in Venezuela. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 29: 193–205.
-
5.
Barrera R, Delgado N, Jimenez M, Villalobos I, Romero I, 2000. Stratification of a city with hyperendemic dengue hemorrhagic fever. Rev Panam Salud Publica 8: 225–233.
-
6.
Barrera R, Delgado N, Jimenez M, Valero S, 2002. Eco-epidemiological factors associated with hyperendemic dengue haemorrhagic fever in Maracay city, Venezuela. Dengue Bull 26: 84–94.
-
7.
Kuno G, 1995. Review of the factors modulating dengue transmission. Epidemiol Rev 17: 321–335.
-
8.
Westaway E, Blok J, 1997. Taxonomy and evolutionary relationships of flaviviruses. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. London, UK: CAB International, 147–173.
-
9.
World Health Organization, 2012. Dengue and Severe Dengue. Fact Sheet Number 117. Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en/. Accessed July 10, 2013.
-
10.
Gubler DJ, 1998. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clin Microbiol Rev 11: 480–496.
-
11.
World Health Organization, 2009. Dengue Net. Available at: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/dengue/denguenet/en/index.html. Accessed April 21, 2009.
-
12.
Gubler DJ, 2002. Epidemic dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever as a public health, social and economic problem in the 21st century. Trends Microbiol 10: 100–103.
-
13.
Kyle JL, Harris E, 2008. Global spread and persistence of dengue. Annu Rev Microbiol 62: 71–92.
-
14.
Barrera R, Avila J, Gonzalez-Tellez S, 1993. Unreliable supply of potable water and elevated Aedes aegypti larval indices: a causal relationship? J Am Mosq Control Assoc 9: 189–195.
-
15.
Guzman MG, Kouri G, 2003. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Americas: lessons and challenges. J Clin Virol 27: 1–13.
-
16.
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 1977. Dengue in the Caribbean, 1977. Proceedings of a workshop held in, Montego Bay, Jamaica, May 8–11, 1978. PAHO Sci Publ. 1979, 375.
-
17.
Uzcategui NY, Camacho D, Comach G, Cuello de Uzcategui R, Holmes EC, Gould EA, 2001. Molecular epidemiology of dengue type 2 virus in Venezuela: evidence for in situ virus evolution and recombination. J Gen Virol 82: 2945–2953.
-
18.
Uzcategui NY, Comach G, Camacho D, Salcedo M, Cabello de Quintana M, Jimenez M, Sierra G, Cuello de Uzcategui R, James WS, Turner S, Holmes EC, Gould EA, 2003. Molecular epidemiology of dengue virus type 3 in Venezuela. J Gen Virol 84: 1569–1575.
-
19.
Gubler DJ, Clark GG, 1995. Dengue/dengue hemorrhagic fever: the emergence of a global health problem. Emerg Infect Dis 1: 55–57.
-
20.
Camacho DE, Alvarez M, Rodriguez-Henriquez F, de Quintana M, Soler M, Chiarello A, Sierra G, Comach G, 2003. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue virus infections in Aragua state, Venezuela: October 1997–December 1998. Invest Clin 44: 91–103.
-
21.
Rico-Hesse R, 1990. Molecular evolution and distribution of dengue viruses type 1 and 2 in nature. Virology 174: 479–493.
-
22.
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 1990. Dengue hemorrhagic fever in Venezuela. Epidemiol Bull 11: 7–9.
-
23.
Rico-Hesse R, Harrison LM, Salas RA, Tovar D, Nisalak A, Ramos C, Boshell J, de Mesa MT, Nogueira RM, da Rosa AT, 1997. Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas. Virology 230: 244–251.
-
24.
Salas RA, Tovar D, Barreto A, de Miller E, Leitmeyer K, Rico-Hesse R, 1998. Serotypes and genotypes of dengue virus circulating in Venezuela, 1990–1997. Acta Cient Venez 49 (Suppl 1): 33–37.
-
25.
Navarro J, Zorrilla A, Moncada N, 2009. First record of Aedes albopictus (skuse) in Venezuela. Its importance as dengue vector and actions to address it. Bol Mal Salud Amb 49: 161–166.
-
26.
Ali M, Wagatsuma Y, Emch M, Breiman RF, 2003. Use of a geographic information system for defining spatial risk for dengue transmission in Bangladesh: role for Aedes albopictus in an urban outbreak. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 634–640.
-
27.
Comach G, Blair PJ, Sierra G, Guzman D, Soler M, de Quintana MC, Bracho-Labadie M, Camacho D, Russell KL, Olson JG, Kochel TJ, 2009. Dengue virus infections in a cohort of schoolchildren from Maracay, Venezuela: a 2-year prospective study. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 9: 87–92.
-
28.
Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INAMEH). Available at: http://www.inameh.gob.ve/pestadistico.php. Accessed June 14, 2012.
-
29.
World Medical Association (WMA), 2013. Declaration of Helsinki—Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Available at: http://www.wma.net/en/30publications/10policies/b3/. Accessed April 12, 2013.
-
30.
Clarke D, Casals J, 1958. Techniques for hemagglutination and hemagglutination-inhibition with arthropod-borne viruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 7: 561–573.
-
31.
World Health Organization, 1997. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever: Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention and Control, 2nd Ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
32.
Balmaseda A, 2002. Manual de procedimientos de técnicas para el diagnóstico del dengue. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Oficina regional de la Organización Mundial de la salud. Available at: http://www.paho.org/Spanish/AD/DPC/CD/manual-procedimientos-tecnicos.pdf. Accessed September 18, 2012.
-
33.
Waterman SH, Novak RJ, Sather GE, Bailey RE, Rios I, Gubler DJ, 1985. Dengue transmission in two Puerto Rican communities in 1982. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 625–632.
-
34.
UN-HABITAT, 2003. Slums of the World: The Face of Urban Poverty in the New Millennium? United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) Report. United Nations, Nairobi, Kenya.
-
35.
Rodriguez-Roche R, Villegas E, Cook S, Poh Kim PA, Hinojosa Y, Rosario D, Villalobos I, Bendezu H, Hibberd ML, Guzman MG, 2012. Population structure of the dengue viruses, Aragua, Venezuela, 2006–2007. Insights into dengue evolution under hyperendemic transmission. Infect Genet Evol 12: 332–344.
-
36.
Siqueira-Junior JB, Maciel IJ, Barcellos C, Souza WV, Carvalho MS, Nascimento NE, Oliveira RM, Morais-Neto O, Martelli CM, 2008. Spatial point analysis based on dengue surveys at household level in central Brazil. BMC Public Health 8: 361.
-
37.
Morrison AC, Minnick SL, Rocha C, Forshey BM, Stoddard ST, Getis A, Focks DA, Russell KL, Olson JG, Blair PJ, Watts DM, Sihuincha M, Scott TW, Kochel TJ, 2010. Epidemiology of dengue virus in Iquitos, Peru 1999 to 2005: interepidemic and epidemic patterns of transmission. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e670.
-
38.
Navarrete-Espinosa J, Acevedo-Vales JA, Huerta-Hernandez E, Torres-Barranca J, Gavaldon-Rosas DG, 2006. Prevalence of dengue and leptospira antibodies in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 48: 220–228.
-
39.
Braga C, Luna CF, Martelli CM, de Souza WV, Cordeiro MT, Alexander N, de Albuquerque M de F, Junior JC, Marques ET, 2010. Seroprevalence and risk factors for dengue infection in socio-economically distinct areas of Recife, Brazil. Acta Trop 113: 234–240.
-
40.
Honorio NA, Nogueira RM, Codeco CT, Carvalho MS, Cruz OG, Magalhaes M de A, de Araujo JM, de Araujo ES, Gomes MQ, Pinheiro LS, da Silva Pinel C, Lourenco-de-Oliveira R, 2009. Spatial evaluation and modelling of dengue seroprevalence and vector density in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3: e545.
-
41.
Balmaseda A, Hammond SN, Tellez Y, Imhoff L, Rodriguez Y, Saborio SI, Mercado JC, Perez L, Videa E, Almanza E, Kuan G, Reyes M, Saenz L, Amador JJ, Harris E, 2006. High seroprevalence of antibodies against dengue virus in a prospective study of schoolchildren in Managua, Nicaragua. Trop Med Int Health 11: 935–942.
-
42.
Thai KT, Binh TQ, Giao PT, Phuong HL, Hung le Q, Van Nam N, Nga TT, Groen J, Nagelkerke N, de Vries PJ, 2005. Seroprevalence of dengue antibodies, annual incidence and risk factors among children in southern Vietnam. Trop Med Int Health 10: 379–386.
-
43.
Sabchareon A, Wallace D, Sirivichayakul C, Limkittikul K, Chanthavanich P, Suvannadabba S, Jiwariyavej V, Dulyachai W, Pengsaa K, Wartel TA, Moureau A, Saville M, Bouckenooghe A, Viviani S, Tornieporth NG, Lang J, 2012. Protective efficacy of the recombinant, live-attenuated, CYD tetravalent dengue vaccine in Thai schoolchildren: a randomised, controlled phase 2b trial. Lancet 380: 1559–1567.
-
44.
Burke DS, Nisalak A, Johnson DE, Scott RM, 1988. A prospective study of dengue infections in Bangkok. Am J Trop Med Hyg 38: 172–180.
-
45.
Graham RR, Juffrie M, Tan R, Hayes CG, Laksono I, Ma'roef C, Erlin, Sutaryo, Porter KR, Halstead SB, 1999. A prospective seroepidemiologic study on dengue in children four to nine years of age in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. I. Studies in 1995–1996. Am J Trop Med Hyg 61: 412–419.
-
46.
Yew YW, Ye T, Ang LW, Ng LC, Yap G, James L, Chew SK, Goh KT, 2009. Seroepidemiology of dengue virus infection among adults in Singapore. Ann Acad Med Singapore 38: 667–675.
-
47.
Brunkard JM, Robles Lopez JL, Ramirez J, Cifuentes E, Rothenberg SJ, Hunsperger EA, Moore CG, Brussolo RM, Villarreal NA, Haddad BM, 2007. Dengue fever seroprevalence and risk factors, Texas-Mexico border, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 1477–1483.
-
48.
World Health Organization and the World Bank, 2002. Dying for Change: Poor People's Experience of Health and Ill Health. The Voices of the Poor Study. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
49.
Instituto Nacional de Estadístitca (INE). Available at: http://www.ine.gov.ve/. Accessed June 2012.
-
50.
San Martin JL, Brathwaite-Dick O, 2007. Integrated strategy for dengue prevention and control in the region of the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Publica 21: 55–63.
-
51.
Gubler DJ, 2011. Dengue, urbanization and globalization: the unholy trinity of the 21(st) century. Trop Med Health 39: 3–11.
-
52.
Morrison AC, Zielinski-Gutierrez E, Scott TW, Rosenberg R, 2008. Defining challenges and proposing solutions for control of the virus vector Aedes aegypti. PLoS Med 5: e68.
-
53.
Hayes JM, Garcia-Rivera E, Flores-Reyna R, Suarez-Rangel G, Rodriguez-Mata T, Coto-Portillo R, Baltrons-Orellana R, Mendoza-Rodriguez E, De Garay BF, Jubis-Estrada J, Hernandez-Argueta R, Biggerstaff BJ, Rigau-Perez JG, 2003. Risk factors for infection during a severe dengue outbreak in El Salvador in 2000. Am J Trop Med Hyg 69: 629–633.
-
54.
Hawley WA, Reiter P, Copeland RS, Pumpuni CB, Craig GB Jr, 1987. Aedes albopictus in North America: probable introduction in used tires from northern Asia. Science 236: 1114–1116.
-
55.
Moore CG, Cline BL, Ruiz-Tiben E, Lee D, Romney-Joseph H, Rivera-Correa E, 1978. Aedes aegypti in Puerto Rico: nevironmental determinants of larval abundance and relation to dengue virus transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27: 1225–1231.
-
56.
Yee DA, Allgood D, Kneitel JM, Kuehn KA, 2012. Constitutive differences between natural and artificial container mosquito habitats: vector communities, resources, microorganisms, and habitat parameters. J Med Entomol 49: 482–491.
-
57.
Vanwambeke SO, van Benthem BH, Khantikul N, Burghoorn-Maas C, Panart K, Oskam L, Lambin EF, Somboon P, 2006. Multi-level analyses of spatial and temporal determinants for dengue infection. Int J Health Geogr 5: 5.
-
58.
Pham HV, Doan HT, Phan TT, Minh NN, 2011. Ecological factors associated with dengue fever in a Central Highlands province, Vietnam. BMC Infect Dis 11: 172.
-
59.
Mammen MP, Pimgate C, Koenraadt CJ, Rothman AL, Aldstadt J, Nisalak A, Jarman RG, Jones JW, Srikiatkhachorn A, Ypil-Butac CA, Getis A, Thammapalo S, Morrison AC, Libraty DH, Green S, Scott TW, 2008. Spatial and temporal clustering of dengue virus transmission in Thai villages. PLoS Med 5: e205.
-
60.
Rodriguez-Figueroa L, Rigau-Perez JG, Suarez EL, Reiter P, 1995. Risk factors for dengue infection during an outbreak in Yanes, Puerto Rico in 1991. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 496–502.
-
62.
Endy TP, Chunsuttiwat S, Nisalak A, Libraty DH, Green S, Rothman AL, Vaughn DW, Ennis FA, 2002. Epidemiology of inapparent and symptomatic acute dengue virus infection: a prospective study of primary school children in Kamphaeng Phet, Thailand. Am J Epidemiol 156: 40–51.
-
63.
McBride WJ, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, 2000. Dengue viral infections; pathogenesis and epidemiology. Microbes Infect 2: 1041–1050.
-
64.
Perez-Pinto EE, Molina de Fernandez DE, 2009. Focal resistance to organosynthetic insecticides in Aedes aegypti (Linneaus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) from different municipalities in Aragua state, Venezuela. Bol Mal Salud Amb 49: 143–150.
-
65.
Newton EA, Reiter P, 1992. A model of the transmission of dengue fever with an evaluation of the impact of ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticide applications on dengue epidemics. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 709–720.
-
66.
Luz PM, Vanni T, Medlock J, Paltiel AD, Galvani AP, 2011. Dengue vector control strategies in an urban setting: an economic modelling assessment. Lancet 377: 1673–1680.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1504 | 1120 | 33 |
| Full Text Views | 619 | 18 | 1 |
| PDF Downloads | 256 | 18 | 1 |