ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Statistics of the WHO, 2012. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva: WHO.
-
2.
Adjuik M, Smith T, Clark S, Todd J, Garrib B, Kinfu Y, Kahn K, Mola M, Ashraf A, Masanja H, Adazu K, Sacarlal J, Alam N, Marra M, Gbangou A, Mwageni E, Binka F, 2006. Cause-specific mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa and Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 84: 181–188.
-
3.
Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Sokhna C, Tall A, Diatta G, Bassene H, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Rickettsia felis, a common cause of uneruptive fever in rural Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1140–1142.
-
4.
Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Bassene H, Tall A, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2012. Description of “Yaaf”, the vesicular fever caused by acute Rickettsia felis infection in Senegal. J Infect 66: 536–540.
-
5.
Maina AN, Knobel DL, Jiang J, Halliday J, Feikin DR, Cleaveland S, Ng'ang'a Z, Junghae M, Breiman RF, Richards AL, Njenga MK, 2012. Rickettsia felis infection in febrile patients, western Kenya, 2007–2010. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 328–331.
-
6.
Richards AL, Jiang J, Omulo S, Dare R, Abdirahman K, Ali A, Sharif SK, Feikin DR, Breiman RF, Njenga MK, 2010. Human Infection with Rickettsia felis, Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1081–1086.
-
7.
Mediannikov O, Trape JF, Diatta G, Parola P, Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2010. Rickettsia africae, western Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 571–573.
-
8.
Mediannikov O, Diatta G, Fenollar F, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Tick-borne rickettsioses, neglected emerging diseases in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e821.
-
9.
Mediannikov O, Sidelnikov Y, Ivanov L, Fournier PE, Tarasevich I, Raoult D, 2006. Far eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis: identification of two new cases and tick vector. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 80–88.
-
10.
Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2004. Suicide PCR on skin biopsy specimens for diagnosis of rickettsioses. J Clin Microbiol 42: 3428–3434.
-
11.
Wang JM, Hudson BJ, Watts MR, Karagiannis T, Fisher NJ, Anderson C, Roffey P, 2009. Diagnosis of Queensland tick typhus and African tick bite fever by PCR of lesion swabs. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 963–965.
-
12.
Lee SH, Kim DM, Cho YS, Yoon SH, Shim SK, 2006. Usefulness of eschar PCR for diagnosis of scrub typhus. J Clin Microbiol 44: 1169–1171.
-
13.
Bechah Y, Socolovschi C, Raoult D, 2011. Identification of rickettsial infections by using cutaneous swab specimens and PCR. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 83–86.
-
14.
Mouffok N, Socolovschi C, Benabdellah A, Renvoise A, Parola P, Raoult D, 2011. Diagnosis of rickettsioses from eschar swab samples, Algeria. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1968–1969.
-
15.
Myers T, Lalani T, Dent M, Jiang J, Daly PL, Maguire JD, Richards AL, 2013. Detecting Rickettsia parkeri infection from eschar swab specimens. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 778–780.
-
16.
Sokhna C, Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Trape JF, Drancourt M, Raoult D, 2013. Point-of-care laboratory of pathogen diagnosis in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e1999.
-
17.
Trape JF, Rogier C, Konate L, Diagne N, Bouganali H, Canque B, Legros F, Badji A, Ndiaye G, Ndiaye P, 1994. The Dielmo project: a longitudinal study of natural malaria infection and the mechanisms of protective immunity in a community living in a holoendemic area of Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51: 123–137.
-
18.
Parola P, Paddock CD, Socolovschi C, Labruna MB, Mediannikov O, Kernif T, Abdad MY, Stenos J, Bitam I, Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2013. Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. Clin Microbiol Rev 26: 657–702.
-
19.
Walker DH, Gay RM, Valdes-Dapena M, 1981. The occurrence of eschars in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. J Am Acad Dermatol 4: 571–576.
-
20.
Roucher C, Mediannikov O, Diatta G, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2012. A new Rickettsia species found in fleas collected from human dwellings and from domestic cats and dogs in Senegal. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 12: 360–365.
-
21.
Mediannikov O, Socolovschi C, Edouard S, Fenollar F, Mouffok N, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Niangaly H, Doumbo O, Lekana-Douki JB, Znazen A, Sarih M, Ratmanov P, Richet H, Ndiath O, Sokhna C, Parola P, Raoult D, 2013. Common epidemiology of Rickettsia felis infection and malaria, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1775–1783.
-
22.
Keita AK, Mediannikov O, Ratmanov P, Diatta G, Bassene H, Roucher C, Tall A, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, Fenollar F, 2013. Looking for Tropheryma whipplei source and reservoir in rural Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 339–343.
-
23.
Parola P, Diatta G, Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Tall A, Bassene H, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2011. Tick-borne relapsing fever borreliosis, rural Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 883–885.
-
24.
Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Socolovschi C, Diatta G, Bassene H, Molez JF, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Coxiella burnetii in humans and ticks in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e654.
-
25.
Angelakis E, Rolain JM, Raoult D, Brouqui P, 2011. Bartonella quintana in head louse nits. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 62: 244–246.
-
26.
Fenollar F, Mediannikov O, Socolovschi C, Bassene H, Diatta G, Richet H, Tall A, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Tropheryma whipplei bacteremia during fever in rural West Africa. Clin Infect Dis 51: 515–521.
-
27.
Subramanian G, Sekeyova Z, Raoult D, Mediannikov O, 2012. Multiple tick-associated bacteria in Ixodes ricinus from Slovakia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 3: 406–410.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 544 | 457 | 48 |
| Full Text Views | 619 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 257 | 14 | 0 |
Molecular Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria in Eschars from Acute Febrile Patients, Senegal
Oleg Mediannikov
Oleg Mediannikov
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 7278, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
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Cristina Socolovschi
Cristina Socolovschi
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 7278, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
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Matthieu Million
Matthieu Million
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 7278, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
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Cheikh Sokhna
Cheikh Sokhna
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 7278, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
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Hubert Bassene
Hubert Bassene
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 7278, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
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Georges Diatta
Georges Diatta
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 7278, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
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Florence Fenollar
Florence Fenollar
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 7278, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
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Didier Raoult
Didier Raoult
Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique 7278, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France; Campus Commun Université Cheikh Anta Diop-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement of Hann, Dakar, Senegal
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Fever caused by Rickettsia felis was recently shown to play an important role in infectious diseases morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa. We collected 68 cotton swabs from fever-associated eschars in four different regions of Senegal. In 5 of 68 eschar samples (7.4%), we have identified DNA from R. felis. In 49 of 68 eschar samples (72.1%), we have identified DNA from Staphylococcus aureus. In 35 of 68 eschar samples (51.5%), we have identified DNA from Streptococcus pyogenes, and in 4 of 68 eschar samples (5.9%), we have identified DNA from Streptococcus pneumoniae. In 34 cases, S. aureus was found together with S. pyogenes. DNA from R. felis was also found in swabs from the skin of the healthy Senegalese villagers (3 of 60; 5%) but not French urbanites. The presence of S. aureus and S. pyogenes was significantly associated with the presence of eschars in febrile patients compared with the healthy skin from the control group. Finally, we confirmed that Senegal is an endemic region for R. felis, which is found in both eschars and healthy skin swabs.
Author Notes
Financial support: The authors thank the Agence National de Recherche, Grant MALEMAF (Research of Emergent Pathogens in Africa), and the La Fondation Méditerranée Infection for financial support.
Authors' addresses: Oleg Mediannikov, Cristina Socolovschi, Matthieu Million, and Didier Raoult, Faculte de Medecine, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Marseille, France, E-mails: oleg.mediannikov@ird.fr, cristina.socolovschi@univ-amu.fr, matthieumillion@gmail.com, and didier.raoult@gmail.com. Cheikh Sokhna, Hubert Bassene, and Georges Diatta, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes, Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Dakar, Senegal, E-mails: cheikh.sokhna@ird.fr, hubert.bassene@ird.fr, and georges.diatta@ird.fr. Florence Fenollar, Faculté de Médecine, Unité des Rickettsies, Marseille, France, E-mail: florence.fenollar@univ-amu.fr.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Statistics of the WHO, 2012. WHO Technical Report Series. Geneva: WHO.
-
2.
Adjuik M, Smith T, Clark S, Todd J, Garrib B, Kinfu Y, Kahn K, Mola M, Ashraf A, Masanja H, Adazu K, Sacarlal J, Alam N, Marra M, Gbangou A, Mwageni E, Binka F, 2006. Cause-specific mortality rates in sub-Saharan Africa and Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 84: 181–188.
-
3.
Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Sokhna C, Tall A, Diatta G, Bassene H, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Rickettsia felis, a common cause of uneruptive fever in rural Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1140–1142.
-
4.
Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Bassene H, Tall A, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2012. Description of “Yaaf”, the vesicular fever caused by acute Rickettsia felis infection in Senegal. J Infect 66: 536–540.
-
5.
Maina AN, Knobel DL, Jiang J, Halliday J, Feikin DR, Cleaveland S, Ng'ang'a Z, Junghae M, Breiman RF, Richards AL, Njenga MK, 2012. Rickettsia felis infection in febrile patients, western Kenya, 2007–2010. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 328–331.
-
6.
Richards AL, Jiang J, Omulo S, Dare R, Abdirahman K, Ali A, Sharif SK, Feikin DR, Breiman RF, Njenga MK, 2010. Human Infection with Rickettsia felis, Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 1081–1086.
-
7.
Mediannikov O, Trape JF, Diatta G, Parola P, Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2010. Rickettsia africae, western Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 16: 571–573.
-
8.
Mediannikov O, Diatta G, Fenollar F, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Tick-borne rickettsioses, neglected emerging diseases in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e821.
-
9.
Mediannikov O, Sidelnikov Y, Ivanov L, Fournier PE, Tarasevich I, Raoult D, 2006. Far eastern tick-borne rickettsiosis: identification of two new cases and tick vector. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1078: 80–88.
-
10.
Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2004. Suicide PCR on skin biopsy specimens for diagnosis of rickettsioses. J Clin Microbiol 42: 3428–3434.
-
11.
Wang JM, Hudson BJ, Watts MR, Karagiannis T, Fisher NJ, Anderson C, Roffey P, 2009. Diagnosis of Queensland tick typhus and African tick bite fever by PCR of lesion swabs. Emerg Infect Dis 15: 963–965.
-
12.
Lee SH, Kim DM, Cho YS, Yoon SH, Shim SK, 2006. Usefulness of eschar PCR for diagnosis of scrub typhus. J Clin Microbiol 44: 1169–1171.
-
13.
Bechah Y, Socolovschi C, Raoult D, 2011. Identification of rickettsial infections by using cutaneous swab specimens and PCR. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 83–86.
-
14.
Mouffok N, Socolovschi C, Benabdellah A, Renvoise A, Parola P, Raoult D, 2011. Diagnosis of rickettsioses from eschar swab samples, Algeria. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1968–1969.
-
15.
Myers T, Lalani T, Dent M, Jiang J, Daly PL, Maguire JD, Richards AL, 2013. Detecting Rickettsia parkeri infection from eschar swab specimens. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 778–780.
-
16.
Sokhna C, Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Trape JF, Drancourt M, Raoult D, 2013. Point-of-care laboratory of pathogen diagnosis in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e1999.
-
17.
Trape JF, Rogier C, Konate L, Diagne N, Bouganali H, Canque B, Legros F, Badji A, Ndiaye G, Ndiaye P, 1994. The Dielmo project: a longitudinal study of natural malaria infection and the mechanisms of protective immunity in a community living in a holoendemic area of Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51: 123–137.
-
18.
Parola P, Paddock CD, Socolovschi C, Labruna MB, Mediannikov O, Kernif T, Abdad MY, Stenos J, Bitam I, Fournier PE, Raoult D, 2013. Update on tick-borne rickettsioses around the world: a geographic approach. Clin Microbiol Rev 26: 657–702.
-
19.
Walker DH, Gay RM, Valdes-Dapena M, 1981. The occurrence of eschars in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. J Am Acad Dermatol 4: 571–576.
-
20.
Roucher C, Mediannikov O, Diatta G, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2012. A new Rickettsia species found in fleas collected from human dwellings and from domestic cats and dogs in Senegal. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 12: 360–365.
-
21.
Mediannikov O, Socolovschi C, Edouard S, Fenollar F, Mouffok N, Bassene H, Diatta G, Tall A, Niangaly H, Doumbo O, Lekana-Douki JB, Znazen A, Sarih M, Ratmanov P, Richet H, Ndiath O, Sokhna C, Parola P, Raoult D, 2013. Common epidemiology of Rickettsia felis infection and malaria, Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 1775–1783.
-
22.
Keita AK, Mediannikov O, Ratmanov P, Diatta G, Bassene H, Roucher C, Tall A, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, Fenollar F, 2013. Looking for Tropheryma whipplei source and reservoir in rural Senegal. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 339–343.
-
23.
Parola P, Diatta G, Socolovschi C, Mediannikov O, Tall A, Bassene H, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2011. Tick-borne relapsing fever borreliosis, rural Senegal. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 883–885.
-
24.
Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Socolovschi C, Diatta G, Bassene H, Molez JF, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Coxiella burnetii in humans and ticks in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e654.
-
25.
Angelakis E, Rolain JM, Raoult D, Brouqui P, 2011. Bartonella quintana in head louse nits. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 62: 244–246.
-
26.
Fenollar F, Mediannikov O, Socolovschi C, Bassene H, Diatta G, Richet H, Tall A, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Tropheryma whipplei bacteremia during fever in rural West Africa. Clin Infect Dis 51: 515–521.
-
27.
Subramanian G, Sekeyova Z, Raoult D, Mediannikov O, 2012. Multiple tick-associated bacteria in Ixodes ricinus from Slovakia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 3: 406–410.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 544 | 457 | 48 |
| Full Text Views | 619 | 12 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 257 | 14 | 0 |