Elevation of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels, but Not Angiopoietin 2, in the Plasma of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected African Women with Clinical Kaposi Sarcoma

Susan M. Graham Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital–University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

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Nimerta Rajwans Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital–University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

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Barbra A. Richardson Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital–University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

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Walter Jaoko Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital–University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

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R. Scott McClelland Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital–University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

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Julie Overbaugh Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital–University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

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W. Conrad Liles Departments of Medicine, Global Health, and Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Office of Research Trainees, Toronto General Hospital–University Health Network, and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0209
Volume/Issue:
Volume 91: Issue 4
Page(s):
705–708
Restricted access
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Circulating levels of endothelial activation biomarkers are elevated in during infection with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and may also be increased in Kaposi sarcoma (KS). We compared 23 HIV-1-seropositive women with clinically diagnosed KS with 46 randomly selected controls matched for visit year, CD4 count, and antiretroviral therapy status. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify differences between cases and controls. The odds of clinical KS increased with increasing plasma viral load and with intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) levels above or equal to the median. There was a borderline association between increasing plasma angiopoietin 2 levels and KS. In multivariable modeling including plasma viral load, angiopoietin 2, and ICAM-1, plasma ICAM-1 levels above or equal to the median remained associated with clinical KS (odds ratio = 14.2, 95% confidence interval = 2.3–87.7). Circulating ICAM-1 levels should be evaluated as a potential biomarker for disease progression and treatment response among HIV-infected KS patients.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Susan M. Graham, University of Washington, Box 359909, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104-2499. E-mail: grahamsm@uw.edu

Financial support: This study was supported by a New Investigator Award to Susan M. Graham from the University of Washington Center for AIDS Research, which is supported the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (grant no. P30 AI027757); the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the National Institute on Aging (grants AI-58698 and AI-38518); and by a Canada Research Chair in Infectious Diseases and Inflammation to W. Conrad Liles from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

Disclosure: W. Conrad Liles is listed as a co-inventor on a patent applied for by the University Health Network (Toronto, ON, Canada) to develop point-of-care tests for endothelial activation biomarkers in infectious diseases. All other authors report no conflicts of interest.

Authors' addresses: Susan M. Graham, Barbra A. Richardson, R. Scott McClelland, and W. Conrad Liles, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, E-mails: grahamsm@uw.edu, barbrar@uw.edu, mcclell@uw.edu, and wcliles@uw.edu. Nimerta Rajwans, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, E-mail: nimerta1@hotmail.com. Walter Jaoko, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, E-mail: wjaoko07@gmail.com. Julie Overbaugh, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, E-mail: joverbau@fhcrc.org.

Copyright:
© The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2014
Received:
07 Apr 2014
|
Accepted:
03 Jun 2014
|
Published Online:
01 Oct 2014
Cover The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Print ISSN:
0002-9637
Online ISSN:
1476-1645
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