Author:
- A Call for Eradication, Elimination, and Integration
- STHs may Facilitate Plasmodium Transmission
- Expected Health and Development Impacts on Malaria and STH Reduction
- Ivermectin and Albendazole MDA Impacts on Malaria Parasite Transmission
- Ivermectin and Albendazole MDA for STH Transmission Control
- Conclusions
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Rationale for the Coadministration of Albendazole and Ivermectin to Humans for Malaria Parasite Transmission Control
Kevin C. Kobylinski
Kevin C. Kobylinski
Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory, Australia; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Deployed Warfighter Protection Program, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Haoues Alout
Haoues Alout
Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory, Australia; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Deployed Warfighter Protection Program, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Brian D. Foy
Brian D. Foy
Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory, Australia; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Deployed Warfighter Protection Program, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Archie Clements
Archie Clements
Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory, Australia; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Deployed Warfighter Protection Program, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Poom Adisakwattana
Poom Adisakwattana
Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory, Australia; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Deployed Warfighter Protection Program, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Brett E. Swierczewski
Brett E. Swierczewski
Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory, Australia; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Deployed Warfighter Protection Program, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Jason H. Richardson
Jason H. Richardson
Entomology Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capitol Territory, Australia; Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland; Deployed Warfighter Protection Program, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, Maryland
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Recently there have been calls for the eradication of malaria and the elimination of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). Malaria and STHs overlap in distribution, and STH infections are associated with increased risk for malaria. Indeed, there is evidence that suggests that STH infection may facilitate malaria transmission. Malaria and STH coinfection may exacerbate anemia, especially in pregnant women, leading to worsened child development and more adverse pregnancy outcomes than these diseases would cause on their own. Ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) to humans for malaria parasite transmission suppression is being investigated as a potential malaria elimination tool. Adding albendazole to ivermectin MDAs would maximize effects against STHs. A proactive, integrated control platform that targets malaria and STHs would be extremely cost-effective and simultaneously reduce human suffering caused by multiple diseases. This paper outlines the benefits of adding albendazole to ivermectin MDAs for malaria parasite transmission suppression.
Author Notes
Financial support: Funding for laboratory investigation was provided by the Military Infectious Disease Research Program. Part of this research was performed while K.C.K. held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research. H.A. and B.D.F. acknowledge funding from National Institutes of Health Grant 1R01AI094349-01A1 and thank Benjamin Krajacich, Jacob Meyers, Nathan Grubaugh, Massamba Sylla, Moussa Sarr, Lawrence Fakoli III, Fatorma Bolay, and Roch Dabiré for their work facilitating the field collections.
Authors' addresses: Kevin C. Kobylinski, Entomology Department, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: kobylinskikevin@yahoo.com. Haoues Alout and Brian D. Foy, Arthropod-Borne and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, E-mails: Haoues@rams.colostate.edu and brian.foy@colostate.edu. Archie Clements, Research School of Population Health, College of Medicine Biology and Environment, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, E-mail: archie.clements@anu.edu. Poom Adisakwattana, Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, E-mail: poom.adi@mahidol.ac.th. Brett E. Swierczewski, Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, E-mail: brett.e.swierczewski.mil@mail.mil. Jason H. Richardson, Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Silver Spring, MD, E-mail: Jason.h.richardson.mil@mail.mil.
- A Call for Eradication, Elimination, and Integration
- STHs may Facilitate Plasmodium Transmission
- Expected Health and Development Impacts on Malaria and STH Reduction
- Ivermectin and Albendazole MDA Impacts on Malaria Parasite Transmission
- Ivermectin and Albendazole MDA for STH Transmission Control
- Conclusions
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