Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Weaver SC, 2006. Alphavirus infections. Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens, and Practice. Second edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingston, 831–838.
-
2.
Chhabra M, Mittal V, Bhattacharya D, Rana UV, Lal S, 2008. Chikungunya fever: a re-emerging viral infection. Indian J Med Microbiol 26: 5–12.
-
3.
Krauss H, Weber A, Appel M, Enders B, Isenberg HD, Schiefer HG, Slenczka W, Graevenitz AV, Zahner H, 2003. Zoonoses: Infectious Diseases Transmissible from Animals to Humans. Third edition. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press.
-
4.
Renault P, Josseran L, Pierre V, 2008. Chikungunya related fatality rates, Mauritius, India, and Reunion Island. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1327.
-
5.
Burt FJ, Rolph MS, Rulli NE, Mahalingam S, Heise MT, 2012. Chikungunya: a re-emerging virus. Lancet 379: 662–671.
-
6.
Robinson MC, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–53. I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 28–32.
-
7.
Lumsden WH, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–1953. II. General description and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 33–57.
-
8.
Schwartz O, Albert ML, 2010. Biology and pathogenesis of chikungunya virus. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: 491–500.
-
9.
Diallo D, Chen R, Diagne CT, Ba Y, Dia I, Sall AA, Weaver SC, Diallo M, 2013. Bloodfeeding patterns of sylvatic arbovirus vectors in southeastern Senegal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 107: 200–203.
-
10.
Diallo M, Thonnon J, Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D, 1999. Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 281–286.
-
11.
Diallo D, Sall AA, Buenemann M, Chen R, Faye O, Diagne CT, Faye O, Ba Y, Dia I, Watts D, Weaver SC, Hanley KA, Diallo M, 2012. Landscape ecology of sylvatic chikungunya virus and mosquito vectors in southeastern Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1649.
-
12.
Brès P, Camicas JL, Cornet M, Robin Y, Taufflieb R, 1969. Considération sur l'épidémiologie des arboviroses au Sénégal. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 62: 253–259.
-
13.
Digoutte JP, Salaun JJ, Robin Y, Brès P, Cagnard VJ, 1980. Les arboviroses mineures en Afrique Centrale et Occidentale. Med Trop (Mars) 40: 523–533.
-
14.
Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Diallo A, Fontenille D, 1999. Chikungunya virus outbreak in Senegal in 1996 and 1997. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 92: 79–82.
-
15.
Centre de Référence OMS sur la Recherche des Arbovirus et des Fièvres Hémorragiques (CRORA) at Institute Pasteur de Dakar. Virus chikunguya. Available at: www.pasteur.fr/recherche/banques/CRORA/virus/v000030.htm.
-
17.
Tsetsarkin KA, Chen R, Sherman MB, Weaver SC, 2011. Chikungunya virus: evolution and genetic determinants of emergence. Curr Opin Virol 1: 310–317.
-
18.
Volk SM, Chen R, Tsetsarkin KA, Adams P, Garcia TI, Sall AA, Nasar F, Schuh AJ, Holmes EC, Higgs S, Maharaj PD, Brault AC, Weaver SC, 2010. Genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus reveal independent emergences of recent epidemics and various evolutionary rates. J Virol 84: 6497–6504.
-
19.
Schuffenecker I, Iteman I, Michault A, Murri S, Frangeul L, Vaney M-C, Lavenir R, Pardigon N, Reynes J-M, Pettinelli F, Biscornet L, Diancourt L, Michel S, Duquerroy S, Guigon G, Frenkiel M-P, Bréhin A-C, Cubito N, Desprès P, Kunst F, Rey FA, Zeller H, Brisse S, 2006. Genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak. PLoS Med 3: e263.
-
20.
Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Panella AJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Campbell GL, 2007. Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 764–767.
-
21.
Van den Hurk AF, Hall-Mendelin S, Pyke AT, Smith GA, Mackenzie JS, 2010. Vector competence of Australian mosquitoes for chikungunya virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 489–495.
-
22.
Vanlandingham DL, Hong C, Klingler K, Tsetsarkin K, McElroy KL, Powers AM, Lehane MJ, Higgs S, 2005. Differential infectivities of o'nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 616–621.
-
23.
Tsetsarkin KA, Vanlandingham DL, McGee CE, Higgs S, 2007. A single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential. PLoS Pathog 3: 1895–1906.
-
24.
Vazeille M, Moutailler S, Coudrier D, Rousseaux C, Khun H, Huerre M, Thiria J, Dehecq J-SB, Fontenille D, Schuffenecker I, Despres P, Failloux A-B, 2007. Two chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito Aedes albopictus. PLoS ONE 2: e1168.
-
25.
Tsetsarkin KA, Weaver SC, 2011. Sequential adaptive mutations enhance efficient vector switching by chikungunya virus and its epidemic emergence. PLoS Pathog 7: e1002412.
-
26.
Vazeille M, Yébakima A, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Andriamahefazafy B, Correira A, Rodrigues JM, Veiga A, Moreira A, Leparc-Goffart I, Grandadam M, Failloux AB, 2013. Oral receptivity of Aedes aegypti from Cape Verde for yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 13: 37–40.
-
27.
Brès P, Chambon L, Pape, Michel R, 1963. Les arbovirus au Senegal. 2: isolement de plusieurs souches. Bull Soc Med Afr Noire Lang Fr 8: 710–712.
-
28.
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG, 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexibles strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24: 4876–4882.
-
29.
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M, 2004. Integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Bioinformat 5: 150–163.
-
30.
Diallo M, Ba Y, Faye O, Soumaré ML, Dia I, Sall AA, 2008. Vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from Senegal for sylvatic and epidemic dengue 2 virus (DENV-2) isolated in West Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 493–498.
-
31.
Gubler DJ, 1997. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever: its history and resurgence as a global public health problem. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. New York: CABI International, 1–22.
-
32.
Bryant JE, Holmes EC, Barret AD, 2007. Out of Africa: a molecular perspective on the introduction of yellow fever virus into Americas. PLoS Pathog 3: e75.
-
33.
Devaux CA, 2012. Emerging and re-emerging viruses: a global challenge illustrated by chikungunya virus outbreaks. World J Virol 1: 11–22.
-
34.
Nikolay B, Diallo M, Faye O, Boye CS, Sall AA, 2012. Vector competence of Culex neavei (Diptera/Culicidae) for Usutu virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 993–996.
-
35.
Chen KC, Kam YW, Lin RT, Ng MM, Ng LF, Chu JJ, 2013. Comparative analysis of the genome sequences and replication profiles of chikungunya virus isolates within the East, Central and South African (ECSA) lineage. Virol J 10: 169.
-
36.
Mourya DT, Banerjee K, 1987. Experimental transmission of chikungunya virus by Aedes vittatus mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 86: 269–271.
-
37.
Dubrulle M, Mousson L, Moutailler S, Vazeille M, Failloux A-B, 2009. Chikungunya virus and Aedes mosquitoes: saliva is infectious as soon as two days after oral infection. PLoS ONE 4: e5895.
-
38.
Kramer LD, Chin Pam Cane RP, Kauffman EB, Mackereth G, 2011. Vector competence of New Zealand mosquitoes for selected arboviruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 182–189.
-
39.
Paupy C, Ollomo B, Kamgang B, Moutailler S, Rousset D, Demanou M, Hervé JP, Leroy E, Simard F, 2010. Comparative role of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in the emergence of dengue and chikungunya in central Africa. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 259–266.
-
40.
Richards SL, Anderson SL, Smartt CT, 2010. Vector competence of Florida mosquitoes for chikungunya virus. J Vector Ecol 35: 439–443.
-
41.
Chadee DD, Ritchie SA, 2010. Efficacy of sticky and standard ovitraps for Aedes aegypti in Trinidad, West Indies. J Vector Ecol 35: 395–400.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 1249 | 1076 | 39 |
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Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes vittatus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Senegal and Cape Verde Archipelago for West African Lineages of Chikungunya Virus
Cheikh T. Diagne
Cheikh T. Diagne
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Oumar Faye
Oumar Faye
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Mathilde Guerbois
Mathilde Guerbois
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Rachel Knight
Rachel Knight
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Diawo Diallo
Diawo Diallo
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Ousmane Faye
Ousmane Faye
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Yamar Ba
Yamar Ba
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Ibrahima Dia
Ibrahima Dia
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Scott C. Weaver
Scott C. Weaver
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Amadou A. Sall
Amadou A. Sall
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Mawlouth Diallo
Mawlouth Diallo
Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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To assess the risk of emergence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in West Africa, vector competence of wild-type, urban, and non-urban Aedes aegypti and Ae. vittatus from Senegal and Cape Verde for CHIKV was investigated. Mosquitoes were fed orally with CHIKV isolates from mosquitoes (ArD30237), bats (CS13-288), and humans (HD180738). After 5, 10, and 15 days of incubation following an infectious blood meal, presence of CHIKV RNA was determined in bodies, legs/wings, and saliva using real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Aedes vittatus showed high susceptibility (50–100%) and early dissemination and transmission of all CHIKV strains tested. Aedes aegypti exhibited infection rates ranging from 0% to 50%. Aedes aegypti from Cape Verde and Kedougou, but not those from Dakar, showed the potential to transmit CHIKV in saliva. Analysis of biology and competence showed relatively high infective survival rates for Ae. vittatus and Ae. aegypti from Cape Verde, suggesting their efficient vector capacity in West Africa.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (grant RO1AI069145).
Authors' addresses: Cheikh T. Diagne, Diawo Diallo, Yamar Ba, Ibrahima Dia, and Mawlouth Diallo, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal, E-mails: ctdiagne@pasteur.sn, diawod@yahoo.com, ba@pasteur.sn, dia@pasteur.sn, and diallo@pasteur.sn. Oumar Faye and Amadou A. Sall, Unite des Arbovirus et Virus de Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal, E-mails: oumarfaye@pasteur.sn and asall@pasteur.sn. Mathilde Guerbois, Rachel Knight, and Scott C. Weaver, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mails: maguerbo@utmb.edu, raknight@utmb.edu, and sweaver@utmb.edu. Ousmane Faye, Unite des Arbovirus et Virus de Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal, and Laboratoire d'Ecologie Vectorielle et Parasitaire, Département de Biologie Animale, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal, E-mails: ofaye@pasteur.sn and fayeo@orange.sn.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Weaver SC, 2006. Alphavirus infections. Guerrant RL, Walker DH, Weller PF, eds. Tropical Infectious Diseases: Principles, Pathogens, and Practice. Second edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Churchill Livingston, 831–838.
-
2.
Chhabra M, Mittal V, Bhattacharya D, Rana UV, Lal S, 2008. Chikungunya fever: a re-emerging viral infection. Indian J Med Microbiol 26: 5–12.
-
3.
Krauss H, Weber A, Appel M, Enders B, Isenberg HD, Schiefer HG, Slenczka W, Graevenitz AV, Zahner H, 2003. Zoonoses: Infectious Diseases Transmissible from Animals to Humans. Third edition. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology Press.
-
4.
Renault P, Josseran L, Pierre V, 2008. Chikungunya related fatality rates, Mauritius, India, and Reunion Island. Emerg Infect Dis 14: 1327.
-
5.
Burt FJ, Rolph MS, Rulli NE, Mahalingam S, Heise MT, 2012. Chikungunya: a re-emerging virus. Lancet 379: 662–671.
-
6.
Robinson MC, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–53. I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 28–32.
-
7.
Lumsden WH, 1955. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952–1953. II. General description and epidemiology. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 49: 33–57.
-
8.
Schwartz O, Albert ML, 2010. Biology and pathogenesis of chikungunya virus. Nat Rev Microbiol 8: 491–500.
-
9.
Diallo D, Chen R, Diagne CT, Ba Y, Dia I, Sall AA, Weaver SC, Diallo M, 2013. Bloodfeeding patterns of sylvatic arbovirus vectors in southeastern Senegal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 107: 200–203.
-
10.
Diallo M, Thonnon J, Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D, 1999. Vectors of chikungunya virus in Senegal: current data and transmission cycles. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60: 281–286.
-
11.
Diallo D, Sall AA, Buenemann M, Chen R, Faye O, Diagne CT, Faye O, Ba Y, Dia I, Watts D, Weaver SC, Hanley KA, Diallo M, 2012. Landscape ecology of sylvatic chikungunya virus and mosquito vectors in southeastern Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1649.
-
12.
Brès P, Camicas JL, Cornet M, Robin Y, Taufflieb R, 1969. Considération sur l'épidémiologie des arboviroses au Sénégal. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 62: 253–259.
-
13.
Digoutte JP, Salaun JJ, Robin Y, Brès P, Cagnard VJ, 1980. Les arboviroses mineures en Afrique Centrale et Occidentale. Med Trop (Mars) 40: 523–533.
-
14.
Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Diallo A, Fontenille D, 1999. Chikungunya virus outbreak in Senegal in 1996 and 1997. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 92: 79–82.
-
15.
Centre de Référence OMS sur la Recherche des Arbovirus et des Fièvres Hémorragiques (CRORA) at Institute Pasteur de Dakar. Virus chikunguya. Available at: www.pasteur.fr/recherche/banques/CRORA/virus/v000030.htm.
-
17.
Tsetsarkin KA, Chen R, Sherman MB, Weaver SC, 2011. Chikungunya virus: evolution and genetic determinants of emergence. Curr Opin Virol 1: 310–317.
-
18.
Volk SM, Chen R, Tsetsarkin KA, Adams P, Garcia TI, Sall AA, Nasar F, Schuh AJ, Holmes EC, Higgs S, Maharaj PD, Brault AC, Weaver SC, 2010. Genome-scale phylogenetic analyses of chikungunya virus reveal independent emergences of recent epidemics and various evolutionary rates. J Virol 84: 6497–6504.
-
19.
Schuffenecker I, Iteman I, Michault A, Murri S, Frangeul L, Vaney M-C, Lavenir R, Pardigon N, Reynes J-M, Pettinelli F, Biscornet L, Diancourt L, Michel S, Duquerroy S, Guigon G, Frenkiel M-P, Bréhin A-C, Cubito N, Desprès P, Kunst F, Rey FA, Zeller H, Brisse S, 2006. Genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the Indian Ocean outbreak. PLoS Med 3: e263.
-
20.
Lanciotti RS, Kosoy OL, Laven JJ, Panella AJ, Velez JO, Lambert AJ, Campbell GL, 2007. Chikungunya virus in US travelers returning from India, 2006. Emerg Infect Dis 13: 764–767.
-
21.
Van den Hurk AF, Hall-Mendelin S, Pyke AT, Smith GA, Mackenzie JS, 2010. Vector competence of Australian mosquitoes for chikungunya virus. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 489–495.
-
22.
Vanlandingham DL, Hong C, Klingler K, Tsetsarkin K, McElroy KL, Powers AM, Lehane MJ, Higgs S, 2005. Differential infectivities of o'nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 616–621.
-
23.
Tsetsarkin KA, Vanlandingham DL, McGee CE, Higgs S, 2007. A single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential. PLoS Pathog 3: 1895–1906.
-
24.
Vazeille M, Moutailler S, Coudrier D, Rousseaux C, Khun H, Huerre M, Thiria J, Dehecq J-SB, Fontenille D, Schuffenecker I, Despres P, Failloux A-B, 2007. Two chikungunya isolates from the outbreak of La Reunion (Indian Ocean) exhibit different patterns of infection in the mosquito Aedes albopictus. PLoS ONE 2: e1168.
-
25.
Tsetsarkin KA, Weaver SC, 2011. Sequential adaptive mutations enhance efficient vector switching by chikungunya virus and its epidemic emergence. PLoS Pathog 7: e1002412.
-
26.
Vazeille M, Yébakima A, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Andriamahefazafy B, Correira A, Rodrigues JM, Veiga A, Moreira A, Leparc-Goffart I, Grandadam M, Failloux AB, 2013. Oral receptivity of Aedes aegypti from Cape Verde for yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 13: 37–40.
-
27.
Brès P, Chambon L, Pape, Michel R, 1963. Les arbovirus au Senegal. 2: isolement de plusieurs souches. Bull Soc Med Afr Noire Lang Fr 8: 710–712.
-
28.
Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Plewniak F, Jeanmougin F, Higgins DG, 1997. The ClustalX windows interface: flexibles strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24: 4876–4882.
-
29.
Kumar S, Tamura K, Nei M, 2004. Integrated software for molecular evolutionary genetics analysis and sequence alignment. Bioinformat 5: 150–163.
-
30.
Diallo M, Ba Y, Faye O, Soumaré ML, Dia I, Sall AA, 2008. Vector competence of Aedes aegypti populations from Senegal for sylvatic and epidemic dengue 2 virus (DENV-2) isolated in West Africa. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 493–498.
-
31.
Gubler DJ, 1997. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever: its history and resurgence as a global public health problem. Gubler DJ, Kuno G, eds. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. New York: CABI International, 1–22.
-
32.
Bryant JE, Holmes EC, Barret AD, 2007. Out of Africa: a molecular perspective on the introduction of yellow fever virus into Americas. PLoS Pathog 3: e75.
-
33.
Devaux CA, 2012. Emerging and re-emerging viruses: a global challenge illustrated by chikungunya virus outbreaks. World J Virol 1: 11–22.
-
34.
Nikolay B, Diallo M, Faye O, Boye CS, Sall AA, 2012. Vector competence of Culex neavei (Diptera/Culicidae) for Usutu virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 993–996.
-
35.
Chen KC, Kam YW, Lin RT, Ng MM, Ng LF, Chu JJ, 2013. Comparative analysis of the genome sequences and replication profiles of chikungunya virus isolates within the East, Central and South African (ECSA) lineage. Virol J 10: 169.
-
36.
Mourya DT, Banerjee K, 1987. Experimental transmission of chikungunya virus by Aedes vittatus mosquitoes. Indian J Med Res 86: 269–271.
-
37.
Dubrulle M, Mousson L, Moutailler S, Vazeille M, Failloux A-B, 2009. Chikungunya virus and Aedes mosquitoes: saliva is infectious as soon as two days after oral infection. PLoS ONE 4: e5895.
-
38.
Kramer LD, Chin Pam Cane RP, Kauffman EB, Mackereth G, 2011. Vector competence of New Zealand mosquitoes for selected arboviruses. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 182–189.
-
39.
Paupy C, Ollomo B, Kamgang B, Moutailler S, Rousset D, Demanou M, Hervé JP, Leroy E, Simard F, 2010. Comparative role of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in the emergence of dengue and chikungunya in central Africa. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 10: 259–266.
-
40.
Richards SL, Anderson SL, Smartt CT, 2010. Vector competence of Florida mosquitoes for chikungunya virus. J Vector Ecol 35: 439–443.
-
41.
Chadee DD, Ritchie SA, 2010. Efficacy of sticky and standard ovitraps for Aedes aegypti in Trinidad, West Indies. J Vector Ecol 35: 395–400.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1249 | 1076 | 39 |
| Full Text Views | 496 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 214 | 17 | 0 |