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Reference Manager
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-
1.
Hicks CW, Sweeney DA, Cui X, Li Y, Eichacker PQ, 2012. An overview of anthrax infection including the recently identified form of disease in injection drug users. Intensive Care Med 38: 1092–1104.
-
2.
Dong S, 1999. Progress on the study of prevention and control of anthrax in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 20: 135–137.
-
3.
Zhang M, Yao W, Tian J, Yu W, Mao L, Sun B, Qin C, Sun Y, Chen D, Wang Y, 2008. Isolation and identification of Bacillus anthracis in a epidemic situation. Chin J Health Lab Technol 18: 905–906.
-
4.
Qin Y, Zhao Z, Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Dong D, Zhang L, You Y, Liu R, Cui R, Guo J, 2012. Source tracing and epidemiological characteristics of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak. Chin J Zoonoses 28: 1148–1151.
-
5.
Zhang T, Cui L, Li L, Zhang M, Qi F, Ying L, Bao C, 2012. Investigation of an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Banlu village, Lianyungang, China, 2012. Western Pac Surveill Response J 3: 12–15.
-
6.
Sohni Y, Kanjilal S, Kapur V, 2008. Performance evaluation of five commercial real-time PCR reagent systems using TaqMan assays for B. anthracis detection. Clin Biochem 41: 640–644.
-
7.
Matero P, Hemmilä H, Tomaso H, Piiparinen H, Rantakokko-Jalava K, Nuotio L, Nikkari S, 2011. Rapid field detection assays for Bacillus anthracis, Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 34–43.
-
8.
Rantakokko-Jalava K, Viljanen M, 2003. Application of Bacillus anthracis PCR to simulated clinical samples. Clin Microbiol Infect 9: 1051–1056.
-
9.
Keim P, Price LB, Klevytska AM, Smith KL, Schupp JM, Okinaka R, Jackson PJ, Hugh-Jones ME, 2000. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis reveals genetic relationships within Bacillus anthracis. J Bacteriol 182: 2928–2936.
-
10.
Cheung DT, Kam KM, Hau KL, Au TK, Marston CK, Gee JE, Popovic T, Ert MN, Kenefic L, Keim P, Hoffmaster AR, 2005. Characterization of a Bacillus anthracis isolate causing a rare case of fatal anthrax in a 2-year-old boy from Hong Kong. J Clin Microbiol 43: 1992–1994.
-
11.
Wang B, Smith KL, Keys C, Coker P, Keim P, Jones MH, 2002. Molecular epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis in China. Prog Microbiol Immunol 30: 14–17.
-
12.
Hoffmaster AR, Fitzgerald CC, Ribot E, Mayer LW, Popovic T, 2002. Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis and the 2001 bioterrorism-associated anthrax outbreak, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 1111–1116.
-
13.
Welkos SL, Lowea JR, Eden-McCutchanb F, Vodkina FM, Lepplaa SH, Schmidta JJ, 1988. Sequence and analysis of the DNA encoding protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. Gene 69: 287–300.
-
14.
Price LB, Hugh-Jones M, Jackson PJ, Keim P, 1999. Genetic diversity in the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis. J Bacteriol 181: 2358–2362.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 205 | 161 | 31 |
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Molecular Characterization of Bacillus anthracis Directly from Patients' Eschar and Beef in an Anthrax Outbreak in Jiangsu Province, China, 2012
Zhongming Tan
Zhongming Tan
Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Xian Qi
Xian Qi
Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Ling Gu
Ling Gu
Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Changjun Bao
Changjun Bao
Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Fenyang Tang
Fenyang Tang
Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Yefei Zhu
Yefei Zhu
Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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An outbreak of anthrax was reported in Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, China in 2012. Laboratory confirmation of cases was made by detection of Bacillus anthracis genes rpoB, pagA, and cap using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR); source tracking was conducted by multiple locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and pagA sequencing using DNA extracted from case specimens and meat from a suspected slaughtered cow. The genotypes were MLVA type 57 and pagA genotype I. Combined with the field epidemiological data, the four cutaneous anthrax cases most likely were caused by butchering of the sick cow. Backward tracing of animal cases identified the region of origin, and some public health measures, such as reactive or preventative animal vaccination for cattle, intersectoral cooperation, ensuring proper pre-slaughter inspection, and educating butchers and villagers about this disease, could be used to prevent B. anthracis infection.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by Jiangsu Province Health Development Project with Science and Education Grants ZX201109 and RC2011085 and Jiangsu Province Preventive Medicine Research Project No. Y2012093.
Authors' addresses: Zhongming Tan, Xian Qi, Ling Gu, Changjun Bao, Fenyang Tang, and Yefei Zhu, Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, E-mails: jstzm@jscdc.cn, qixiansyc@hotmail.com, jcgl126@126.com, bao_2000cn@163.com, tfyepi@jscdc.cn and jszyf@jscdc.cn.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Hicks CW, Sweeney DA, Cui X, Li Y, Eichacker PQ, 2012. An overview of anthrax infection including the recently identified form of disease in injection drug users. Intensive Care Med 38: 1092–1104.
-
2.
Dong S, 1999. Progress on the study of prevention and control of anthrax in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 20: 135–137.
-
3.
Zhang M, Yao W, Tian J, Yu W, Mao L, Sun B, Qin C, Sun Y, Chen D, Wang Y, 2008. Isolation and identification of Bacillus anthracis in a epidemic situation. Chin J Health Lab Technol 18: 905–906.
-
4.
Qin Y, Zhao Z, Liu D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Dong D, Zhang L, You Y, Liu R, Cui R, Guo J, 2012. Source tracing and epidemiological characteristics of a cutaneous anthrax outbreak. Chin J Zoonoses 28: 1148–1151.
-
5.
Zhang T, Cui L, Li L, Zhang M, Qi F, Ying L, Bao C, 2012. Investigation of an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in Banlu village, Lianyungang, China, 2012. Western Pac Surveill Response J 3: 12–15.
-
6.
Sohni Y, Kanjilal S, Kapur V, 2008. Performance evaluation of five commercial real-time PCR reagent systems using TaqMan assays for B. anthracis detection. Clin Biochem 41: 640–644.
-
7.
Matero P, Hemmilä H, Tomaso H, Piiparinen H, Rantakokko-Jalava K, Nuotio L, Nikkari S, 2011. Rapid field detection assays for Bacillus anthracis, Brucella spp., Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 34–43.
-
8.
Rantakokko-Jalava K, Viljanen M, 2003. Application of Bacillus anthracis PCR to simulated clinical samples. Clin Microbiol Infect 9: 1051–1056.
-
9.
Keim P, Price LB, Klevytska AM, Smith KL, Schupp JM, Okinaka R, Jackson PJ, Hugh-Jones ME, 2000. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis reveals genetic relationships within Bacillus anthracis. J Bacteriol 182: 2928–2936.
-
10.
Cheung DT, Kam KM, Hau KL, Au TK, Marston CK, Gee JE, Popovic T, Ert MN, Kenefic L, Keim P, Hoffmaster AR, 2005. Characterization of a Bacillus anthracis isolate causing a rare case of fatal anthrax in a 2-year-old boy from Hong Kong. J Clin Microbiol 43: 1992–1994.
-
11.
Wang B, Smith KL, Keys C, Coker P, Keim P, Jones MH, 2002. Molecular epidemiology of Bacillus anthracis in China. Prog Microbiol Immunol 30: 14–17.
-
12.
Hoffmaster AR, Fitzgerald CC, Ribot E, Mayer LW, Popovic T, 2002. Molecular subtyping of Bacillus anthracis and the 2001 bioterrorism-associated anthrax outbreak, United States. Emerg Infect Dis 8: 1111–1116.
-
13.
Welkos SL, Lowea JR, Eden-McCutchanb F, Vodkina FM, Lepplaa SH, Schmidta JJ, 1988. Sequence and analysis of the DNA encoding protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis. Gene 69: 287–300.
-
14.
Price LB, Hugh-Jones M, Jackson PJ, Keim P, 1999. Genetic diversity in the protective antigen gene of Bacillus anthracis. J Bacteriol 181: 2358–2362.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 205 | 161 | 31 |
| Full Text Views | 289 | 8 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 77 | 7 | 0 |