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The study determined that Simulium neavei-transmitted onchocerciasis in Mount Elgon onchocerciasis focus had been interrupted. Annual mass treatment with ivermectin changed to two times per year along with vector elimination in 2007. Then, baseline microfilaria (mf) prevalence data of 1994 in five sentinel communities were compared with follow-up data in 2005 and 2011. Blood spots from 3,051 children obtained in 2009 were analyzed for Onchocerca volvulus immunoglobulin G4 antibodies. Fresh water crab host captures and blackflies collected indicated their infestation with larval stages of S. neavei and presence or absence of the vector, respectively. Mf rates dropped from 62.2% to 0.5%, and 1 (0.03%) of 3,051 children was positive for O. volvulus antibodies. Crab infestation dropped from 41.9% in 2007 to 0%, and S. neavei biting reduced to zero. Both remained zero for the next 3 years, confirming interruption of onchocerciasis transmission, and interventions were halted.
Authors' addresses: Moses Katabarwa, The Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: mkataba@emory.edu. Tom Lakwo and David Oguttu, Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda, E-mails: tlakwo@gmail.com and dguttu@gmail.com. Peace Habomugisha, Stella Agunyo, and Edson Byamukama, Health Programs, The Carter Center, Kampala, Uganda, E-mails: provia5@hotmail.com, agunyoegunyu@gmail.com, and edson.navs@gmail.com. Richard Ndyomugyenyi, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda, E-mail: richardndyomugyenyi@gmail.com. Ephraim Tukesiga, Kabarole District Health Services, Fort Portal, Uganda, E-mail: ephraim.tukesiga@gmail.com. Galex Orukan Ochieng, Mbale District Health Services, Mbale, Uganda, E-mail: ochienggalex@yahoo.com. Francis Abwaimo, Health Services, Strengthening Decentralization Systems, Mbale, Uganda, E-mail: fabwaimo@gmail.com. Ambrose Onapa, RTI International, ENVISION, Kampala, Uganda, E-mail: kwibale1@yahoo.co.uk. Dennis W. K. Lwamafa, National Disease Control, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda, E-mail: lwamafa@yahoo.co.uk. Frank Walsh, Entomology, Lythan St. Anne's, Lancashire, United Kingdom, E-mail: frank@walsh.me.uk. Thomas R. Unnasch, Global Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, E-mail: tunnasch@health.usf.edu. Frank O. Richards, Health Programs, The Carter Center, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: frich01@emory.edu.