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-
1.
Marques PX, Saúte F, Pinto VV, Cardoso S, Pinto J, Alonso PL, Rosário VE, Arez AP, 2005. Plasmodium species mixed infections in two areas of Manhiça District, Mozambique. Int J Biol Sci 1: 96–102.
-
2.
Mayxay M, Pukrittayakanee S, Newton PN, White NJ, 2004. Mixed-species malaria infections in humans. Trends Parasitol 20: 233–240.
-
3.
Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, Malaria. 2006–2009. Available at: http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/malaria/2010week38.html. Accessed February 2013.
-
4.
Haranaga S, Akashi M, Yara S, Tohyama M, Toyama M, Ishimine T, Miyara T, Shinzato T, Higa F, Tateyama M, Saito A, Toma H, 2002. Two cases of mixed infection of malaria diagnosed by PCR method. Jpn J Infect Dis 76: 571–575.
-
5.
Saito-Nakano Y, Tanabe K, Mita T, 2011. Identification of pyrimethamine- and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 1984 and 1998: genotyping of archive blood samples. Malar J 10: 388. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-388.
-
6.
Saito-Nakano Y, Tanabe K, Kamei K, Iwagami M, Komaki-Yasuda K, Kawazu S, Kano S, Ohmae H, Endo T, 2008. Genetic evidence for Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and pyrimethamine in Indochina and the Western Pacific between 1984 and 1998. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 613–619.
-
7.
Kimura M, Kaneko O, Inoue A, Ishii A, Tanabe K, 1995. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction of Plasmodium falciparum DNA from Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Mol Biochem Parasitol 70: 193–197.
-
8.
Sutherland CJ, Tanomsing N, Nolder D, Oguike M, Jennison C, Pukrittayakamee S, Dolecek C, Hien TT, do Rosário VE, Arez AP, Pinto J, Michon P, Escalante AA, Nosten F, Burke M, Lee R, Blaze M, Otto TD, Barnwell JW, Pain A, Williams J, White NJ, Day NP, Snounou G, Lockhart PJ, Chiodini PL, Imwong M, Polley SD, 2010. Two nonrecombining sympatric forms of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium ovale occur globally. J Infect Dis 15: 1544–1550.
-
9.
Snounou G, Viriyakosola S, Zhua XP, Jarra W, Pinheiro L, do Rosario VE, Thaithong S, Brown KN, 1993. High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Mol Biochem Parasitol 61: 315–320.
-
10.
Purnomo SA, Gomez-Saladin E, Bangs MJ, 1999. Rare quadruple malaria infection in Iran Jaya Indonesia. J Parasitol 85: 574–579.
-
11.
Arez AP, Pinto J, Pålsson K, Snounou G, Jaenson TG, do Rosário VE, 2003. Transmission of mixed Plasmodium species and Plasmodium falciparum genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 161–168.
-
12.
Miura T, Kimura M, Koibuchi T, Endo T, Nakamura H, Odawara T, Wataya Y, Nakamura T, Iwamoto A, 2005. Clinical characteristics of imported malaria in Japan: analysis at a referral hospital. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 599–603.
-
13.
Higa F, Tateyama M, Tasato D, Karimata Y, Nakamura H, Miyagi K, Haranaga S, Hirata T, Hokama A, Cash HL, Toma H, Fujita J, 2013. Imported malaria cases in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 66: 32–35.
-
14.
Boonma P, Christensen PR, Suwanarusk R, Price RN, Russell B, Lek-Uthai U, 2007. Comparison of three molecular methods for the detection and speciation of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 6: 124. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-124.
-
15.
Rosanas-Urgell A, Mueller D, Betuela I, Barnadas C, Iga J, Zimmerman PA, del Portillo HA, Siba P, Mueller I, Felger I, 2010. Comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection and quantification of the four sympatric Plasmodium species in field samples from Papua New Guinea. Malar J 9: 361.
-
16.
Schwartz E, Parise M, Kozarsky P, Cetron M, 2003. Delayed onset of malaria: implications for chemoprophylaxis in travelers. N Engl J Med 349: 1510–1516.
-
17.
Pang L, Limsomwong N, Singharaj P, 1988. Prophylactic treatment of vivax and falciparum malaria with low-dose doxycycline. J Infect Dis 158: 1124–1127.
-
18.
Shmuklarsky MJ, Boudreau EF, Pang LW, Smith JI, Schneider I, Fleckenstein L, Abdelrahim MM, Canfield CJ, Schuster B, 1994. Failure of doxycycline as a causal prophylactic agent against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in healthynonimmune volunteers. Ann Intern Med 120: 294–299.
-
19.
Fall B, Diawara S, Sow K, Baret E, Diatta B, Fall KB, Mbaye PS, Fall F, Diémé Y, Rogier C, Wade B, Bercion R, Pradines B, 2011. Ex vivo susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Dakar, Senegal, to seven standard anti-malarial drugs. Malar J 10: 310.
-
20.
Fall B, Pascual A, Sarr FD, Wurtz N, Richard V, Baret E, Diémé Y, Briolant S, Bercion R, Wade B, Tall A, Pradines B, 2013. Plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs in Dakar, Senegal, in 2010: an ex vivo and drug resistance molecular markers study. Malar J 12: 107.
-
21.
Howes RE, Patil AP, Piel FB, Nyangiri OA, Kabaria CW, Gething PW, Zimmerman PA, Barnadas C, Beall CM, Gebremedhin A, Ménard D, Williams TN, Weatherall DJ, Hay SI, 2011. The global distribution of the Duffy blood group. Nat Commun 2: 266.
-
22.
Mendes C, Dias F, Figueiredo J, Mora VG, Cano J, de Sousa B, do Rosario VE, Benito A, Berzosa P, Arez AP, 2011. Duffy negative antigen is no longer a barrier to Plasmodium vivax: molecular evidences from the African west coast (Angola and Equatorial Guinea). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1192.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 59 | 59 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 298 | 66 | 7 |
| PDF Downloads | 59 | 12 | 1 |
A Case of Quadruple Malaria Infection Imported from Mozambique to Japan
Masayuki Oki
Masayuki Oki
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Satomi Asai
Satomi Asai
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Yumiko Saito-Nakano
Yumiko Saito-Nakano
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Taira Nakayama
Taira Nakayama
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Yumiko Tanaka
Yumiko Tanaka
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hiroshi Tachibana
Hiroshi Tachibana
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hiroshi Ohmae
Hiroshi Ohmae
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Tomoyoshi Nozaki
Tomoyoshi Nozaki
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Hayato Miyachi
Hayato Miyachi
Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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A 35-year-old Japanese man had an intermittent fever and mild headache for eight weeks after he returned to Japan from working in Mozambique. He had taken antimalarial prophylaxis (doxycycline) for 25 weeks, and stopped taking this drug two weeks after his return. Microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear showed a mixed infection with Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, and P. ovale. In addition, a nested polymerase chain reaction and subsequent sequencing detected specific DNA sequences of four species of Plasmodium, including P. malariae. The patient was successfully treated with artemether-lumefantrine and primaquine phosphate. The present case is a rare instance of a mixed infection with four species of Plasmodium. Nonimmune persons in malaria-endemic areas may have a risk of mixed infection. All four species must be identified by using sensitive and specific tests, such as a nested polymerase chain reaction, in addition to conventional morphologic identification.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by a grant for Research on Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H23-Shinko-Ippan-014 and H25-Shinko-Shitei-002).
Authors' addresses: Masayuki Oki and Taira Nakayama, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan, E-mails: okidoki@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp and taira_nakayama@hotmail.com. Satomi Asai and Hayato Miyachi, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan, E-mails: sa@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp and miyachi@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp. Yumiko Saito-Nakano, Hiroshi Ohmae, and Tomoyoshi Nozaki, Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan, E-mails: yumiko@nih.go.jp, h-ohmae@nih.go.jp, and nozaki@nih.go.jp. Yumiko Tanaka, Clinical Laboratory Center, Tokai University Hospital, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan, E-mail: uitra@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp. Hiroshi Tachibana, Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan, E-mail: htachiba@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Marques PX, Saúte F, Pinto VV, Cardoso S, Pinto J, Alonso PL, Rosário VE, Arez AP, 2005. Plasmodium species mixed infections in two areas of Manhiça District, Mozambique. Int J Biol Sci 1: 96–102.
-
2.
Mayxay M, Pukrittayakanee S, Newton PN, White NJ, 2004. Mixed-species malaria infections in humans. Trends Parasitol 20: 233–240.
-
3.
Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, Malaria. 2006–2009. Available at: http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/malaria/2010week38.html. Accessed February 2013.
-
4.
Haranaga S, Akashi M, Yara S, Tohyama M, Toyama M, Ishimine T, Miyara T, Shinzato T, Higa F, Tateyama M, Saito A, Toma H, 2002. Two cases of mixed infection of malaria diagnosed by PCR method. Jpn J Infect Dis 76: 571–575.
-
5.
Saito-Nakano Y, Tanabe K, Mita T, 2011. Identification of pyrimethamine- and chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 1984 and 1998: genotyping of archive blood samples. Malar J 10: 388. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-10-388.
-
6.
Saito-Nakano Y, Tanabe K, Kamei K, Iwagami M, Komaki-Yasuda K, Kawazu S, Kano S, Ohmae H, Endo T, 2008. Genetic evidence for Plasmodium falciparum resistance to chloroquine and pyrimethamine in Indochina and the Western Pacific between 1984 and 1998. Am J Trop Med Hyg 79: 613–619.
-
7.
Kimura M, Kaneko O, Inoue A, Ishii A, Tanabe K, 1995. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction of Plasmodium falciparum DNA from Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. Mol Biochem Parasitol 70: 193–197.
-
8.
Sutherland CJ, Tanomsing N, Nolder D, Oguike M, Jennison C, Pukrittayakamee S, Dolecek C, Hien TT, do Rosário VE, Arez AP, Pinto J, Michon P, Escalante AA, Nosten F, Burke M, Lee R, Blaze M, Otto TD, Barnwell JW, Pain A, Williams J, White NJ, Day NP, Snounou G, Lockhart PJ, Chiodini PL, Imwong M, Polley SD, 2010. Two nonrecombining sympatric forms of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium ovale occur globally. J Infect Dis 15: 1544–1550.
-
9.
Snounou G, Viriyakosola S, Zhua XP, Jarra W, Pinheiro L, do Rosario VE, Thaithong S, Brown KN, 1993. High sensitivity of detection of human malaria parasites by the use of nested polymerase chain reaction. Mol Biochem Parasitol 61: 315–320.
-
10.
Purnomo SA, Gomez-Saladin E, Bangs MJ, 1999. Rare quadruple malaria infection in Iran Jaya Indonesia. J Parasitol 85: 574–579.
-
11.
Arez AP, Pinto J, Pålsson K, Snounou G, Jaenson TG, do Rosário VE, 2003. Transmission of mixed Plasmodium species and Plasmodium falciparum genotypes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 161–168.
-
12.
Miura T, Kimura M, Koibuchi T, Endo T, Nakamura H, Odawara T, Wataya Y, Nakamura T, Iwamoto A, 2005. Clinical characteristics of imported malaria in Japan: analysis at a referral hospital. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 599–603.
-
13.
Higa F, Tateyama M, Tasato D, Karimata Y, Nakamura H, Miyagi K, Haranaga S, Hirata T, Hokama A, Cash HL, Toma H, Fujita J, 2013. Imported malaria cases in Okinawa prefecture, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 66: 32–35.
-
14.
Boonma P, Christensen PR, Suwanarusk R, Price RN, Russell B, Lek-Uthai U, 2007. Comparison of three molecular methods for the detection and speciation of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum. Malar J 6: 124. doi:10.1186/1475-2875-6-124.
-
15.
Rosanas-Urgell A, Mueller D, Betuela I, Barnadas C, Iga J, Zimmerman PA, del Portillo HA, Siba P, Mueller I, Felger I, 2010. Comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection and quantification of the four sympatric Plasmodium species in field samples from Papua New Guinea. Malar J 9: 361.
-
16.
Schwartz E, Parise M, Kozarsky P, Cetron M, 2003. Delayed onset of malaria: implications for chemoprophylaxis in travelers. N Engl J Med 349: 1510–1516.
-
17.
Pang L, Limsomwong N, Singharaj P, 1988. Prophylactic treatment of vivax and falciparum malaria with low-dose doxycycline. J Infect Dis 158: 1124–1127.
-
18.
Shmuklarsky MJ, Boudreau EF, Pang LW, Smith JI, Schneider I, Fleckenstein L, Abdelrahim MM, Canfield CJ, Schuster B, 1994. Failure of doxycycline as a causal prophylactic agent against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in healthynonimmune volunteers. Ann Intern Med 120: 294–299.
-
19.
Fall B, Diawara S, Sow K, Baret E, Diatta B, Fall KB, Mbaye PS, Fall F, Diémé Y, Rogier C, Wade B, Bercion R, Pradines B, 2011. Ex vivo susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Dakar, Senegal, to seven standard anti-malarial drugs. Malar J 10: 310.
-
20.
Fall B, Pascual A, Sarr FD, Wurtz N, Richard V, Baret E, Diémé Y, Briolant S, Bercion R, Wade B, Tall A, Pradines B, 2013. Plasmodium falciparum susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs in Dakar, Senegal, in 2010: an ex vivo and drug resistance molecular markers study. Malar J 12: 107.
-
21.
Howes RE, Patil AP, Piel FB, Nyangiri OA, Kabaria CW, Gething PW, Zimmerman PA, Barnadas C, Beall CM, Gebremedhin A, Ménard D, Williams TN, Weatherall DJ, Hay SI, 2011. The global distribution of the Duffy blood group. Nat Commun 2: 266.
-
22.
Mendes C, Dias F, Figueiredo J, Mora VG, Cano J, de Sousa B, do Rosario VE, Benito A, Berzosa P, Arez AP, 2011. Duffy negative antigen is no longer a barrier to Plasmodium vivax: molecular evidences from the African west coast (Angola and Equatorial Guinea). PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1192.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 59 | 59 | 16 |
| Full Text Views | 298 | 66 | 7 |
| PDF Downloads | 59 | 12 | 1 |