Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2007. Report of the Scientific Working Group on Chagas Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Schofield CF, Jannin J, Salvatella R, 2006. The future of Chagas disease control. Trends Parasitol 22: 583–588.
-
3.
Gürtler RE, Kitron U, Cecere MC, Segura EL, Cohen JE, 2007. Sustainable vector control and management of Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco, Argentina. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 16194–16199.
-
4.
Gürtler RE, 2007. Eco-epidemiología regional de la transmisión vectorial: enfermedad de Chagas en el Gran Chaco. Silveira AC, ed. La enfermedad de Chagas a la puerta de los 100 años del conocimiento de una endemia americana ancestral. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Panamerican Health Organization—Fundación Mundo Sano.
-
5.
Basombrío MA, Segovia A, Peralta Ramos M, Esteban E, Stumpf R, Jurgensen P, Winkler MA, Sayre K, Ferrer JF, 1999. Endemic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Indian populations of the Gran Chaco territory of South America: performance of diagnostic assays and epidemiological features. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: 41–48.
-
6.
Alonso J, Fabre A, Galván M, Lucero R, Brusés B, Kuc A, 2009. La enfermedad de Chagas en poblaciones aborígenes del noreste de Argentina. Enf Emerg 11: 115–118.
-
7.
Sosa-Estani S, Dri L, Touris C, Abalde S, Dell'Arciprette A, Braunstein J, 2009. Transmisión vectorial y congénita del Trypanosoma cruzi en Las Lomitas, Formosa. Medicina (B Aires) 69: 424–430.
-
8.
Chapman MD, Baggaley RC, Godfrey-Fausset PF, Malpas TJ, White G, Canese J, Miles MA, 1984. Trypanosoma cruzi from the Paraguayan Chaco – isoenzyme profiles of strains isolated at Makthlawaiya. J Protozool 31: 482–486.
-
9.
Biancardi MA, Moreno MC, Torres N, Pepe C, Altcheh J, Freilij H, 2003. Seroprevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en 17 parajes del “Monte Impenetrable” de la Provincia del Chaco. Medicina (B Aires) 63: 125–129.
-
10.
Moretti E, Castro I, Franceschi C, Basso B, 2010. Chagas disease: serological and electrocardiographic studies in Wichi and Creole communities of Misión Nueva Pompeya, Chaco, Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 105: 621–626.
-
11.
Rojas de Arias A, Monzón MI, Velázquez de Saldívar G, Guillén E, Arrua NT, 1984. A seroepidemiologic survey of Chagas’ disease in two Paraguayan villages. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 18: 164–171.
-
12.
Mott KE, Mota EA, Sherlock I, Hoff R, Muniz TM, Oliveira TS, Draper CC, 1978. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs and cats and household seroreactivity to T. cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27: 1123–1127.
-
13.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Petersen RM, Chuit R, Segura EL, Cohen JE, 2005. Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among children following domestic reinfestation after insecticide spraying in rural northwestern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 95–103.
-
14.
Gurevitz JM, Ceballos LA, Gaspe MS, Alvarado-Otegui JA, Enríquez GF, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2011. Factors affecting infestation by Triatoma infestans in a rural area of the humid Chaco in Argentina: a multi-model inference approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1349.
-
15.
Cardinal MV, Lauricella MA, Marcet PL, Orozco MM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2007. Impact of community-based vector control on house infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans, dogs and cats in the Argentine Chaco. Acta Trop 103: 201–211.
-
16.
Cardinal MV, Castañera MB, Lauricella MA, Cecere MC, Ceballos LA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2006. A prospective study of the effects of sustained vector surveillance on Trypanosoma cruzi infection of dogs and cats in rural northwestern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 753–761.
-
17.
Crisante G, Rojas A, Teixeira MMG, Añez N, 2006. Infected dogs as a risk factor in the transmission of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection in western Venezuela. Acta Trop 98: 247–254.
-
18.
Estrada-Franco JG, Bhatia V, Diaz-Albiter H, Ochoa-Garcia L, Barbosa A, Vazquez-Chagoyan JC, Martinez-Perez MA, Guzman-Bracho C, Garg N, 2006. Human Trypanosoma cruzi infection and seropositivity in dogs, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 624–630.
-
19.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Cardinal MV, Kitron U, Cohen JE, 2007. Domestic dogs and cats as sources of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 134: 69–82.
-
20.
Gürtler RE, Cohen JE, Cecere MC, Chuit R, Segura EL, 1998. Influence of humans and domestic animals on the household prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans populations in northwest Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 748–758.
-
21.
Castañera MB, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Gürtler RE, 1998. Evaluation of dogs as sentinels of the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of north-western Argentina. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 671–683.
-
22.
Enriquez GF, Cardinal MV, Orozco MM, Schijman AG, Gürtler RE, 2013. Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in naturally infected dogs and cats using serological, parasitological and molecular methods. Acta Trop 126: 211–217.
-
23.
Lauricella MA, Castañera MB, Gürtler RE, Segura EL, 1998. Immunodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) infection in naturally infected dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 93: 501–507.
-
24.
Lauricella MA, Wisnivesky-Colli C, Gürtler R, Petersen R, Bujas M, Segura EL, 1993. Standardization of serological tests for detecting anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 88: 413–417.
-
25.
Brown LD, Cai TT, DasGupta A, 2001. Interval estimation for a binomial proportion. Stat Sci 16: 101–117.
-
26.
Burnham KP, Anderson DR, 2002. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
-
27.
R Development Core Team, 2012. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
-
28.
Ehrenberg JP, Ault SK, 2005. Neglected diseases of neglected populations: Thinking to reshape the determinants of health in Latin America and the Caribbean. BMC Public Health 5: 119.
-
29.
Cohen JE, Gürtler RE, 2001. Modeling household transmission of American trypanosomiasis. Science 293: 694–698.
-
30.
Gurevitz JM, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Provecho YM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2013. Intensified surveillance and insecticide-based control of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans in the Argentinean Chaco. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2158.
-
31.
Marcet PL, Duffy T, Cardinal MV, Burgos JM, Lauricella MA, Levin MJ, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, Schijman AG, 2006. PCR-based identification of Trypanosoma cruzi lineages in feces of triatomine bugs from rural northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 132: 57–65.
-
32.
Alvarado-Otegui JA, Ceballos LA, Orozco MM, Enríquez G, Cardinal MV, Schijman AG, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2012. The sylvatic transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in the humid Chaco of Argentina. Acta Trop 124: 79–86.
-
33.
Enriquez GF, Cardinal MV, Orozco MM, Lanati L, Schijman AG, Gürtler RE, 2012. Discrete typing units of Trypanosoma cruzi identified in rural dogs and cats in the humid Argentinean Chaco. Parasitology 140: 1–6.
-
34.
Orozco MM, Enriquez GF, Alvarado-Otegui JA, Cardinal MV, Schijman AG, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2013. New sylvatic hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi and their reservoir competence in the humid Chaco of Argentina: a longitudinal study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 872–882.
-
35.
Abrahan LB, Gorla DE, Catalá SS, 2011. Dispersal of Triatoma infestans and other Triatominae species in the arid Chaco of Argentina: flying, walking or passive carriage? The importance of walking females. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 106: 232–239.
-
36.
Maffey L, Cardinal MV, Lanati L, Lauricella MA, Schijman AG, Gürtler RE, 2012. Direct molecular identification of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in domestic and peridomestic Triatoma infestans and Triatoma sordida from the Argentine Chaco. Parasitology 139: 1–10.
-
37.
Anonymous, 1991. Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
-
38.
Gürtler RE, Kravetz FO, Petersen RM, Lauricella MA, Wisnivesky-Colli C, 1990. The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and the demography of dog population after insecticidal spraying of houses: a predictive model. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84: 313–323.
-
39.
Woolhouse MEJ, Dye C, Etard JF, Smith T, Charlwood JD, Garnett GP, Hagan P, Hii JLK, Ndhlovu PD, Quinnell RJ, Watts CH, Chandiwana SK, Anderson RM, 1997. Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 338–342.
-
40.
Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Spillmann C, Zaidenberg M, Gürtler RE, Kitron U, 2012. Spatial heterogeneity and risk maps of community infestation by Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1178.
-
41.
Reithinger R, Ceballos L, Stariolo R, Davies CR, Gürtler RE, 2006. Extinction of experimental Triatoma infestans populations following continuous exposure to dogs wearing deltamethrin-treated collars. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 766–771.
-
42.
Basso B, Castro I, Introini V, Gil P, Truyens C, Moretti E, 2007. Vaccination with Trypanosoma rangeli reduces the infectiousness of dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Vaccine 25: 3855–3858.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2073 | 1401 | 75 |
| Full Text Views | 396 | 13 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 108 | 7 | 0 |
Heterogeneities in the Ecoepidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Rural Communities of the Argentinean Chaco
M. Victoria Cardinal
M. Victoria Cardinal
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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M. Marcela Orozco
M. Marcela Orozco
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Gustavo F. Enriquez
Gustavo F. Enriquez
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Leonardo A. Ceballos
Leonardo A. Ceballos
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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María Sol Gaspe
María Sol Gaspe
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Julián A. Alvarado-Otegui
Julián A. Alvarado-Otegui
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Juan M. Gurevitz
Juan M. Gurevitz
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Uriel Kitron
Uriel Kitron
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ricardo E. Gürtler
Ricardo E. Gürtler
Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Trypanosoma cruzi infection of Triatoma infestans as well as dogs and cats in 327 households from a well-defined rural area in northeastern Argentina to test whether the household distribution of infection differed between local ethnic groups (Tobas and Creoles) and identify risk factors for host infection. Overall prevalence of infection of bugs (27.2%; 95% confidence interval = 25.3–29.3%), dogs (26.0%; 95% confidence interval = 23.3–30.1%), and cats examined (28.7%; 95% confidence interval = 20.2–39.0%) was similar. A multimodel inference approach showed that infection in dogs was associated strongly with the intensity and duration of local exposure to infected bugs and moderately with household ethnic background. Overall, Toba households were at a substantially greater risk of infection than Creole households. The strong heterogeneities in the distribution of bug, dog, and cat infections at household, village, and ethnic group levels may be used for targeted vector and disease control.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by awards from the International Development Research Center (EcoHealth Program), United Nations Children's Fund, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Bank and the World Health Organization Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, University of Buenos Aires (to R.E.G.), and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (to U.K., R.E.G., and Joel Cohen) as well as National Institutes of Health/National Science Foundation Ecology of Infectious Disease Program Award R01 TW05836 funded by the Fogarty International Center. M.V.C., M.M.O., and R.E.G. are members of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Researcher's Career.
Authors' addresses: M. Victoria Cardinal, M. Marcela Orozco, Gustavo F. Enriquez, Leonardo A. Ceballos, María Sol Gaspe, Julián A. Alvarado-Otegui, Juan M. Gurevitz, and Ricardo E. Gürtler, Laboratory of Eco-Epidemiology, Department of Ecology, Genetics and Evolution, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina, E-mails: mvcardinal@ege.fcen.uba.ar, marcelaorozco.vet@gmail.com, gustavoenriquez@ege.fcen.uba.ar, leonefasto@ege.fcen.uba.ar, solgaspe@ege.fcen.uba.ar, lavizcachasp@hotmail.com, jmgurevitz@yahoo.com.ar, and gurtler@ege.fcen.uba.ar. Uriel Kitron. Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: ukitron@emory.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2007. Report of the Scientific Working Group on Chagas Disease. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
2.
Schofield CF, Jannin J, Salvatella R, 2006. The future of Chagas disease control. Trends Parasitol 22: 583–588.
-
3.
Gürtler RE, Kitron U, Cecere MC, Segura EL, Cohen JE, 2007. Sustainable vector control and management of Chagas disease in the Gran Chaco, Argentina. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 16194–16199.
-
4.
Gürtler RE, 2007. Eco-epidemiología regional de la transmisión vectorial: enfermedad de Chagas en el Gran Chaco. Silveira AC, ed. La enfermedad de Chagas a la puerta de los 100 años del conocimiento de una endemia americana ancestral. Buenos Aires, Argentina: Panamerican Health Organization—Fundación Mundo Sano.
-
5.
Basombrío MA, Segovia A, Peralta Ramos M, Esteban E, Stumpf R, Jurgensen P, Winkler MA, Sayre K, Ferrer JF, 1999. Endemic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Indian populations of the Gran Chaco territory of South America: performance of diagnostic assays and epidemiological features. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: 41–48.
-
6.
Alonso J, Fabre A, Galván M, Lucero R, Brusés B, Kuc A, 2009. La enfermedad de Chagas en poblaciones aborígenes del noreste de Argentina. Enf Emerg 11: 115–118.
-
7.
Sosa-Estani S, Dri L, Touris C, Abalde S, Dell'Arciprette A, Braunstein J, 2009. Transmisión vectorial y congénita del Trypanosoma cruzi en Las Lomitas, Formosa. Medicina (B Aires) 69: 424–430.
-
8.
Chapman MD, Baggaley RC, Godfrey-Fausset PF, Malpas TJ, White G, Canese J, Miles MA, 1984. Trypanosoma cruzi from the Paraguayan Chaco – isoenzyme profiles of strains isolated at Makthlawaiya. J Protozool 31: 482–486.
-
9.
Biancardi MA, Moreno MC, Torres N, Pepe C, Altcheh J, Freilij H, 2003. Seroprevalencia de la enfermedad de Chagas en 17 parajes del “Monte Impenetrable” de la Provincia del Chaco. Medicina (B Aires) 63: 125–129.
-
10.
Moretti E, Castro I, Franceschi C, Basso B, 2010. Chagas disease: serological and electrocardiographic studies in Wichi and Creole communities of Misión Nueva Pompeya, Chaco, Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 105: 621–626.
-
11.
Rojas de Arias A, Monzón MI, Velázquez de Saldívar G, Guillén E, Arrua NT, 1984. A seroepidemiologic survey of Chagas’ disease in two Paraguayan villages. Bull Pan Am Health Organ 18: 164–171.
-
12.
Mott KE, Mota EA, Sherlock I, Hoff R, Muniz TM, Oliveira TS, Draper CC, 1978. Trypanosoma cruzi infection in dogs and cats and household seroreactivity to T. cruzi in a rural community in northeast Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 27: 1123–1127.
-
13.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Petersen RM, Chuit R, Segura EL, Cohen JE, 2005. Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection among children following domestic reinfestation after insecticide spraying in rural northwestern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 95–103.
-
14.
Gurevitz JM, Ceballos LA, Gaspe MS, Alvarado-Otegui JA, Enríquez GF, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2011. Factors affecting infestation by Triatoma infestans in a rural area of the humid Chaco in Argentina: a multi-model inference approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1349.
-
15.
Cardinal MV, Lauricella MA, Marcet PL, Orozco MM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2007. Impact of community-based vector control on house infestation and Trypanosoma cruzi infection in Triatoma infestans, dogs and cats in the Argentine Chaco. Acta Trop 103: 201–211.
-
16.
Cardinal MV, Castañera MB, Lauricella MA, Cecere MC, Ceballos LA, Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2006. A prospective study of the effects of sustained vector surveillance on Trypanosoma cruzi infection of dogs and cats in rural northwestern Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 753–761.
-
17.
Crisante G, Rojas A, Teixeira MMG, Añez N, 2006. Infected dogs as a risk factor in the transmission of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection in western Venezuela. Acta Trop 98: 247–254.
-
18.
Estrada-Franco JG, Bhatia V, Diaz-Albiter H, Ochoa-Garcia L, Barbosa A, Vazquez-Chagoyan JC, Martinez-Perez MA, Guzman-Bracho C, Garg N, 2006. Human Trypanosoma cruzi infection and seropositivity in dogs, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis 12: 624–630.
-
19.
Gürtler RE, Cecere MC, Lauricella MA, Cardinal MV, Kitron U, Cohen JE, 2007. Domestic dogs and cats as sources of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in rural northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 134: 69–82.
-
20.
Gürtler RE, Cohen JE, Cecere MC, Chuit R, Segura EL, 1998. Influence of humans and domestic animals on the household prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi in Triatoma infestans populations in northwest Argentina. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58: 748–758.
-
21.
Castañera MB, Lauricella MA, Chuit R, Gürtler RE, 1998. Evaluation of dogs as sentinels of the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in a rural area of north-western Argentina. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 671–683.
-
22.
Enriquez GF, Cardinal MV, Orozco MM, Schijman AG, Gürtler RE, 2013. Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in naturally infected dogs and cats using serological, parasitological and molecular methods. Acta Trop 126: 211–217.
-
23.
Lauricella MA, Castañera MB, Gürtler RE, Segura EL, 1998. Immunodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) infection in naturally infected dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 93: 501–507.
-
24.
Lauricella MA, Wisnivesky-Colli C, Gürtler R, Petersen R, Bujas M, Segura EL, 1993. Standardization of serological tests for detecting anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in dogs. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 88: 413–417.
-
25.
Brown LD, Cai TT, DasGupta A, 2001. Interval estimation for a binomial proportion. Stat Sci 16: 101–117.
-
26.
Burnham KP, Anderson DR, 2002. Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-Theoretic Approach. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
-
27.
R Development Core Team, 2012. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
-
28.
Ehrenberg JP, Ault SK, 2005. Neglected diseases of neglected populations: Thinking to reshape the determinants of health in Latin America and the Caribbean. BMC Public Health 5: 119.
-
29.
Cohen JE, Gürtler RE, 2001. Modeling household transmission of American trypanosomiasis. Science 293: 694–698.
-
30.
Gurevitz JM, Gaspe MS, Enriquez GF, Provecho YM, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2013. Intensified surveillance and insecticide-based control of the Chagas disease vector Triatoma infestans in the Argentinean Chaco. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2158.
-
31.
Marcet PL, Duffy T, Cardinal MV, Burgos JM, Lauricella MA, Levin MJ, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, Schijman AG, 2006. PCR-based identification of Trypanosoma cruzi lineages in feces of triatomine bugs from rural northwestern Argentina. Parasitology 132: 57–65.
-
32.
Alvarado-Otegui JA, Ceballos LA, Orozco MM, Enríquez G, Cardinal MV, Schijman AG, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2012. The sylvatic transmission cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi in the humid Chaco of Argentina. Acta Trop 124: 79–86.
-
33.
Enriquez GF, Cardinal MV, Orozco MM, Lanati L, Schijman AG, Gürtler RE, 2012. Discrete typing units of Trypanosoma cruzi identified in rural dogs and cats in the humid Argentinean Chaco. Parasitology 140: 1–6.
-
34.
Orozco MM, Enriquez GF, Alvarado-Otegui JA, Cardinal MV, Schijman AG, Kitron U, Gürtler RE, 2013. New sylvatic hosts of Trypanosoma cruzi and their reservoir competence in the humid Chaco of Argentina: a longitudinal study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 88: 872–882.
-
35.
Abrahan LB, Gorla DE, Catalá SS, 2011. Dispersal of Triatoma infestans and other Triatominae species in the arid Chaco of Argentina: flying, walking or passive carriage? The importance of walking females. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 106: 232–239.
-
36.
Maffey L, Cardinal MV, Lanati L, Lauricella MA, Schijman AG, Gürtler RE, 2012. Direct molecular identification of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units in domestic and peridomestic Triatoma infestans and Triatoma sordida from the Argentine Chaco. Parasitology 139: 1–10.
-
37.
Anonymous, 1991. Animals as Sentinels of Environmental Health Hazards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
-
38.
Gürtler RE, Kravetz FO, Petersen RM, Lauricella MA, Wisnivesky-Colli C, 1990. The prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and the demography of dog population after insecticidal spraying of houses: a predictive model. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84: 313–323.
-
39.
Woolhouse MEJ, Dye C, Etard JF, Smith T, Charlwood JD, Garnett GP, Hagan P, Hii JLK, Ndhlovu PD, Quinnell RJ, Watts CH, Chandiwana SK, Anderson RM, 1997. Heterogeneities in the transmission of infectious agents: implications for the design of control programs. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 338–342.
-
40.
Vazquez-Prokopec GM, Spillmann C, Zaidenberg M, Gürtler RE, Kitron U, 2012. Spatial heterogeneity and risk maps of community infestation by Triatoma infestans in rural northwestern Argentina. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1178.
-
41.
Reithinger R, Ceballos L, Stariolo R, Davies CR, Gürtler RE, 2006. Extinction of experimental Triatoma infestans populations following continuous exposure to dogs wearing deltamethrin-treated collars. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 766–771.
-
42.
Basso B, Castro I, Introini V, Gil P, Truyens C, Moretti E, 2007. Vaccination with Trypanosoma rangeli reduces the infectiousness of dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Vaccine 25: 3855–3858.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 2073 | 1401 | 75 |
| Full Text Views | 396 | 13 | 2 |
| PDF Downloads | 108 | 7 | 0 |