A Common Caatinga Cactus, Pilosocereus gounellei, is an Important Ecotope of Wild Triatoma brasiliensis Populations in the Jaguaribe Valley of Northeastern Brazil

Carolina Valença-Barbosa Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil

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Marli M. Lima Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil

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Otília Sarquis Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil

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Claudia M. Bezerra Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil

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Fernando Abad-Franch Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil

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Triatoma brasiliensis is the most important vector of Chagas disease in the Caatinga eco-region of northeastern Brazil. Wild T. brasiliensis populations have been reported only from rocky outcrops. However, this species frequently infests/re-infests houses in rock-free sedimentary lowlands. We therefore hypothesized that it should also occupy other natural ecotopes. We show that a common Caatinga cactus, Pilosocereus gounellei, locally known as xiquexique, often harbors T. brasiliensis breeding colonies apparently associated with rodents (n = 44 cacti, infestation rate = 47.7%, 157 bugs captured). Our findings suggest that infested cacti might be involved in house re-infestation by T. brasiliensis in the Caatinga region.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Marli M. Lima, Chagas Disease Eco-Epidemiology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: mmlima@ioc.fiocruz.br

Financial support: This study was supported by the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq), the PROEP/IOC/CNPq Program, and the FIOCRUZ–FAPEAM agreement.

Authors' addresses: Carolina Valença-Barbosa, Marli M. Lima, and Otília Sarquis, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, E-mails: carolvb@ioc.fiocruz.br, mmlima@ioc.fiocruz.br, and otiliasarquis@ioc.fiocruz.br. Claudia M. Bezerra, Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil, E-mail: cmendoncab@gmail.com. Fernando Abad-Franch, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil, E-mail: fernando@amazonia.fiocruz.br.

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