Author:
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
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13.
Thonnon J, Fontenille D, Tall A, Diallo M, Renaudineau Y, Baudez B, Raphenon G, 1998. Re-emergence of yellow fever in Senegal in 1995. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 108–114.
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14.
Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Sylla R, Fall A, Mondo M, Fontenille D, 1998. Yellow fever outbreak in Kaffrine, Senegal 1996: epidemiological and entomological findings. Trop Med Int Health 3: 872–877.
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15.
Digoutte JP, Plassart H, Salaun JJ, Heme G, Ferrara L, Germain M, 1981. Three cases of yellow fever contracted in Senegal. Bull World Health Organ 59: 759–766.
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16.
WHO, 2002. Yellow fever, Senegal—update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 77: 349.
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17.
Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D, Zeller HG, Mondo M, Diallo M, Adam F, Eyraud M, Maiga A, Digoutte JP, 1996. Surveillance for yellow fever virus in eastern Senegal during 1993. J Med Entomol 33: 760–765.
-
18.
Diallo D, Sall AA, Buenemann M, Chen R, Faye O, Diagne CT, Ba Y, Dia I, Watts D, Weaver SC, Hanley KA, Diallo M, 2012. Landscape ecology of sylvatic chikungunya virus and mosquito vectors in southeastern Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1649.
-
19.
Cornet M, Chateau R, Valade M, Dieng PY, Raymond H, Lorand A, 1978. Données bio-écologiques sur les vecteurs potentiels de virus amaril. Cah Orstom Ser Ent Med Parasitol 16: 315–341.
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20.
Edwards FW, 1941. Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region: III Culicine Adults and Pupae. London, UK: British Museum of Natural History.
-
21.
Ferrara L, Germain M, Hervy JP, 1984. Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer (Edwards, 1913) et Aedes (Diceromyia) taylori (Edwards, 1936): le point sur la différentiation des adultes. Cah Orstom Ser Ent Med Parasitol 22: 95–98.
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22.
Huang YM, 1986. Aedes (Stegomyia) bromeliae (Diptera: Culicidae), the yellow fever virus vector in East Africa. J Med Entomol 23: 196–200.
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23.
Huang YM, Ward RA, 1981. A pictoral key for the identification of the mosquitoes associated with yellow fever in Africa. Mosq Syst 13: 138–149.
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24.
Jupp PG, 1997. Mosquitoes of Southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Hartebeespoort, South Africa: Ekogilde cc Publishers.
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Cornet M, 1973. Aedes (Stegomyia) cozi n. sp., une nouvelle espèce de Culicidae au Sénégal. Cah Orstom Ser Ent Med Parasitol 11: 175–180.
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26.
Diagne N, Fontenille D, Konate L, Lamizana MT, Molez JF, Trape JF, Faye O, 1994. Les Anophèles du Sénégal: liste comment & et illustrée. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 87: 1–9.
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Patterns of a Sylvatic Yellow Fever Virus Amplification in Southeastern Senegal, 2010
Diawo Diallo
Diawo Diallo
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Amadou A. Sall
Amadou A. Sall
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Cheikh T. Diagne
Cheikh T. Diagne
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Oumar Faye
Oumar Faye
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Kathryn A. Hanley
Kathryn A. Hanley
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Michaela Buenemann
Michaela Buenemann
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Yamar Ba
Yamar Ba
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Ousmane Faye
Ousmane Faye
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Scott C. Weaver
Scott C. Weaver
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Mawlouth Diallo
Mawlouth Diallo
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Unité des Arbovirus et Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal; Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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During the wet season of 2010, yellow fever virus (YFV) was detected in field-collected mosquitoes in the Kédougou region in southeastern Senegal. During this outbreak, we studied the association of the abundance of YFV-infected mosquitoes and land cover features to try and understand the dynamics of YFV transmission within the region. In total, 41,234 mosquito females were collected and tested for virus infection in 5,152 pools. YFV was detected in 67 pools; species including Aedes furcifer (52.2% of the infected pools), Ae. luteocephalus (31.3% of the infected pools), Ae. taylori (6.0% of the infected pools) and six other species (10.4% of the infected pools) captured in September (13.4%), October (70.1%), and November (16.4%). Spatially, YFV was detected from mosquitoes collected in all land cover classes but mainly, forest canopies (49.2%). Human infection is likely mediated by Ae. furcifer, the only species found infected with YFV within villages. Villages containing YFV-infected mosquitoes were significantly closer to large forests (> 2 ha) than villages in which no infected mosquitoes were detected.
Author Notes
Financial support: This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R01AI069145, National Center for Research Resources Grant 5P20RR016480-12, and National Institute of General Medical Sciences Grant 8 P20 GM103451-12 from the National Institutes of Health.
Authors' addresses: Diawo Diallo, Cheikh T. Diagne, Yamar Ba, and Mawlouth Diallo, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal, E-mails: diawod@yahoo.com, cheikhdiagnea09z@yahoo.fr, ba@pasteur.sn, and diallo@pasteur.sn. Amadou A. Sall, Oumar Faye, and Ousmane Faye, Unité des Arbovirus et Virus de Fièvres Hémorragiques, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal, E-mails: asall@pasteur.sn, oumarfaye@pasteur.sn, and ofaye@pasteur.sn. Kathryn A. Hanley, Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, E-mail: khanley@nmsu.edu. Michaela Buenemann, Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, E-mail: elabuen@nmsu.edu. Scott C. Weaver, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, E-mail: sweaver@utmb.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Barrett AD, Monath TP, 2003. Epidemiology and ecology of yellow fever virus. Adv Virus Res 61: 291–315.
-
2.
Monath TP, 2001. Yellow fever: an update. Lancet Infect Dis 1: 11–20.
-
3.
Robertson SE, Hull BP, Tomori O, Bele O, LeDuc JW, Esteves K, 1996. Yellow fever: a decade of reemergence. JAMA 276: 1157–1162.
-
4.
Mutebi JP, Barrett AD, 2002. The epidemiology of yellow fever in Africa. Microbes Infect 4: 1459–1468.
-
5.
Onyango CO, Ofula VO, Sang RC, Konongoi SL, Sow A, De Cock KM, Tukei PM, Okoth FA, Swanepoel R, Burt FJ, Waters NC, Coldren RL, 2004. Yellow fever outbreak, Imatong, southern Sudan. Emerg Infect Dis 10: 1063–1068.
-
6.
Gould LH, Osman MS, Farnon EC, Griffith KS, Godsey MS, Karch S, Mulenda B, El Kholy A, Grandesso F, De Radiguès X, Brair M-E, Briand S, El Tayeb ESM, Hayes EB, Zeller H, Perea W, 2008. An outbreak of yellow fever with concurrent chikungunya virus transmission in South Kordofan, Sudan, 2005. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 1247–1254.
-
7.
Yuill TM, Woodall JP, Baekeland S, 2013. Latest outbreak news from ProMED-mail. Yellow fever outbreak—Darfur Sudan and Chad. Int J Infect Dis 17: 476–478.
-
8.
Reiter P, Cordellier R, Ouma JO, Cropp CB, Savage HM, Sanders EJ, Marfin AA, Tukei PM, Agata NN, Gitau LG, Rapuoda BA, Gubler DJ, 1998. First recorded outbreak of yellow fever in Kenya, 1992–1993. II. Entomologic investigations. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 650–656.
-
9.
WHO, 2008. Outbreak news. Yellow fever, Liberia. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 83: 158.
-
10.
WHO, 2007. Outbreak news. Yellow fever, Togo—update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 82: 50.
-
11.
WHO, 2009. Outbreak news. Yellow fever, Republic of the Congo. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 84: 161.
-
12.
Chambon L, Wone I, Bres P, Cornet M, Ly C, Michel A, Lacan A, Robin Y, Henderson BE, Williams KH, Camain R, Lambert D, Rey M, Mar ID, Oudart JL, Causse G, Ba H, Martin M, Artus JC, 1967. An epidemic of yellow fever in Senegal in 1965. Bull World Health Organ 36: 113–150.
-
13.
Thonnon J, Fontenille D, Tall A, Diallo M, Renaudineau Y, Baudez B, Raphenon G, 1998. Re-emergence of yellow fever in Senegal in 1995. Am J Trop Med Hyg 59: 108–114.
-
14.
Thonnon J, Spiegel A, Diallo M, Sylla R, Fall A, Mondo M, Fontenille D, 1998. Yellow fever outbreak in Kaffrine, Senegal 1996: epidemiological and entomological findings. Trop Med Int Health 3: 872–877.
-
15.
Digoutte JP, Plassart H, Salaun JJ, Heme G, Ferrara L, Germain M, 1981. Three cases of yellow fever contracted in Senegal. Bull World Health Organ 59: 759–766.
-
16.
WHO, 2002. Yellow fever, Senegal—update. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 77: 349.
-
17.
Traore-Lamizana M, Fontenille D, Zeller HG, Mondo M, Diallo M, Adam F, Eyraud M, Maiga A, Digoutte JP, 1996. Surveillance for yellow fever virus in eastern Senegal during 1993. J Med Entomol 33: 760–765.
-
18.
Diallo D, Sall AA, Buenemann M, Chen R, Faye O, Diagne CT, Ba Y, Dia I, Watts D, Weaver SC, Hanley KA, Diallo M, 2012. Landscape ecology of sylvatic chikungunya virus and mosquito vectors in southeastern Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1649.
-
19.
Cornet M, Chateau R, Valade M, Dieng PY, Raymond H, Lorand A, 1978. Données bio-écologiques sur les vecteurs potentiels de virus amaril. Cah Orstom Ser Ent Med Parasitol 16: 315–341.
-
20.
Edwards FW, 1941. Mosquitoes of the Ethiopian Region: III Culicine Adults and Pupae. London, UK: British Museum of Natural History.
-
21.
Ferrara L, Germain M, Hervy JP, 1984. Aedes (Diceromyia) furcifer (Edwards, 1913) et Aedes (Diceromyia) taylori (Edwards, 1936): le point sur la différentiation des adultes. Cah Orstom Ser Ent Med Parasitol 22: 95–98.
-
22.
Huang YM, 1986. Aedes (Stegomyia) bromeliae (Diptera: Culicidae), the yellow fever virus vector in East Africa. J Med Entomol 23: 196–200.
-
23.
Huang YM, Ward RA, 1981. A pictoral key for the identification of the mosquitoes associated with yellow fever in Africa. Mosq Syst 13: 138–149.
-
24.
Jupp PG, 1997. Mosquitoes of Southern Africa: Culicinae and Toxorhynchitinae. Hartebeespoort, South Africa: Ekogilde cc Publishers.
-
25.
Cornet M, 1973. Aedes (Stegomyia) cozi n. sp., une nouvelle espèce de Culicidae au Sénégal. Cah Orstom Ser Ent Med Parasitol 11: 175–180.
-
26.
Diagne N, Fontenille D, Konate L, Lamizana MT, Molez JF, Trape JF, Faye O, 1994. Les Anophèles du Sénégal: liste comment & et illustrée. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 87: 1–9.
-
27.
Detinova TS, 1962. Age-grouping methods in Diptera of medical importance with special reference to some vectors of malaria. Monogr Ser World Health Organ 47: 13–191.
-
28.
Digoutte JP, Calvo-Wilson MA, Mondo M, Traore-Lamizana M, Adam F, 1992. Continuous cell lines and immune ascitic fluid pools in arbovirus detection. Res Virol 143: 417–422.
-
29.
R Development Core Team, 2011. A language and environment for statistical computing. Team RDC, ed. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation.
-
30.
Cornet M, Robin Y, Heme G, Adam C, Renaudet J, Valade M, Eyraud M, 1979. Une poussée épizootique de fièvre jaune selvatique au Sénégal oriental. Isolement du virus de lots de moustiques adultes males et femelles. Med Mal Infect 9: 63–66.
-
31.
Tappan G, Sall M, Wood E, Cushing M, 2004. Ecoregions and land cover trends in Senegal. J Arid Environ 59: 427–462.
-
32.
Chambon L, Digoutte JP, Cornet M, Robin Y, 1971. Recent data on the yellow fever epidemiologic situation in tropical Africa. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 64: 673–683.
-
33.
Gayral P, Cavier R, 1971. Current entomological and ecological data on yellow fever vectors in western Africa. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 64: 701–708.
-
34.
Cornet M, Robin Y, Chateau R, Heme G, Adam C, Valade M, 1979. Isolement d'arbovirus au Senegal oriental a partir de moustiques (1972–1977) et note sur l'epidemiologie des virus transmis par les Aedes, en particulier du virus amaril. Cah Orstom Ser Ent Med Parasitol 17: 149–163.
-
35.
Adam F, Digoutte JP, 2013. Virus d'Afrique (Base de Données). Centre Collaborateur OMS de Référence et de Recherche pour les Arbovirus et les Virus de Fièvres Hémorrhagiques (CRORA). African Viruses (Database). WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference. Available at: http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/banques/CRORA/. Accessed April 2, 2013.
-
36.
Ellis BR, Barrett AD, 2008. The enigma of yellow fever in East Africa. Rev Med Virol 18: 331–346.
-
37.
Traore-Lamizana M, Zeller H, Monlun E, Mondo M, Hervy JP, Adam F, Digoutte JP, 1994. Dengue 2 outbreak in southeastern Senegal during 1990: virus isolations from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 31: 623–627.
-
38.
Diallo M, Ba Y, Sall AA, Diop OM, Ndione JA, Mondo M, Girault L, Mathiot C, 2003. Amplification of the sylvatic cycle of dengue virus type 2, Senegal, 1999–2000: entomologic findings and epidemiologic considerations. Emerg Infect Dis 9: 362–367.
-
39.
Monlun E, Zeller H, Le Guenno B, Traore-Lamizana M, Hervy JP, Adam F, Ferrara L, Fontenille D, Sylla R, Mondo M, 1993. Surveillance of the circulation of arbovirus of medical interest in the region of eastern Senegal. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 86: 21–28.
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