Valero A, 1949. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Palestine. Harefuah 36: 99–101.
Kleinerman G, Baneth G, Mumcuoglu KY, van Straten M, Berlin D, Apanaskevich DA, Abdeen Z, Nasereddin A, Harrus S, 2013. Molecular detection of Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae in camels and Hyalomma spp. ticks from Israel. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 13: 851–856.
Harrus S, Perlman-Avrahami A, Mumcuoglu KY, Morick D, Baneth G, 2011. Molecular detection of Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae and Rickettsia conorii israelensis in ticks from Israel. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 176–180.
Keysary A, Eremeeva ME, Leitner M, Din AB, Wikswo ME, Mumcuoglu KY, Inbar M, Wallach AD, Shanas U, King R, Waner T, 2011. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from wild animals in Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 919–923.
Bauer O, Baneth G, Eshkol T, Shaw SE, Harrus S, 2006. Polygenic detection of Rickettsia felis in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 444–448.
Aharonowitz G, Koton S, Segal S, Anis E, Green MS, 1999. Epidemiological characteristics of spotted fever in Israel over 26 years. Clin Infect Dis 29: 1321–1322.
Mumcuoglu KY, Keysary A, Gilead L, 2002. Mediterranean spotted fever in Israel: a tick-borne disease. Isr Med Assoc J 4: 44–49.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1951. A note on East Mediterranean species of the Haemaphysalis. Bull Res Counc Isr 1: 96–107.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1954. Revision of the genus Hyalomma. Bull Res Counc Isr 64: 150–170.
Feldman-Muhsam B, Shechter R, 1970. Some notes on the genus Boophilus (Ixodidae), with special reference to species found in Israel. J Med Entomol 7: 677–686.
Pegram R, Clifford C, Walker J, Keirans J, 1987. Clarification of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). I. R. sulcatus Neumann, 1908 and R. turanicus Pomerantsev, 1936. Syst Parasitol 10: 3–26.
Leitner M, Yitzhaki S, Rzotkiewicz S, Keysary A, 2002. Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever in serum and tissue samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 166–169.
Abdel-Shafy S, Allam NA, Mediannikov O, Parola P, Raoult D, 2012. Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae associated with ixodid ticks in Egypt. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 12: 346–359.
Rolain JM, Maurin M, Vestris G, Raoult D, 1998. In vitro susceptibilities of 27 rickettsiae to 13 antimicrobials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42: 1537–1541.
Kelly P, Matthewman L, Beati L, Raoult D, Mason P, Dreary M, Makombe R, 1992. African tick-bite fever: a new spotted fever group rickettsiosis under an old name. Lancet 340: 982–983.
Althaus F, Greub G, Raoult D, Genton B, 2010. African tick-bite fever: a new entity in the differential diagnosis of multiple eschars in travelers. Description of five cases imported from South Africa to Switzerland. Int J Infect Dis 14 (Suppl 3): e274–e276.
Parola P, Attali J, Raoult D, 2003. First detection of Rickettsia africae on Martinique, in the French West Indies. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97: 535–537.
Eldin C, Mediannikov O, Davoust B, Cabre O, Barre N, Raoult D, Parola P, 2011. Emergence of Rickettsia africae, Oceania. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 100–102.
Portillo A, Perez-Martinez L, Santibanez S, Blanco JR, Ibarra V, Oteo JA, 2007. Detection of Rickettsia africae in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus ticks from the Republic of Botswana, South Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 376–377.
Mediannikov O, Diatta G, Fenollar F, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Tick-borne rickettsioses, neglected emerging diseases in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e821.
Parola P, Socolovschi C, Jeanjean L, Bitam I, Fournier PE, Sotto A, Labauge P, Raoult D, 2008. Warmer weather linked to tick attack and emergence of severe rickettsioses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e338.
Palomar AM, Santibanez P, Mazuelas D, Roncero L, Santibanez S, Portillo A, Jose AO, 2012. Role of birds in dispersal of etiologic agents of tick-borne zoonoses, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1188–1191.
Safriel U, 2008. Bird migration at Eilat, Israel. Int J Bird Sci. 110: 283–320.
Reshef R, Levo Y, Giladi M, 2007. African tick bite fever in a returned traveler. Isr Med Assoc J 9: 680–681.
Leshem E, Meltzer E, Schwartz E, 2011. Travel-associated zoonotic bacterial diseases. Curr Opin Infect Dis 24: 457–463.
Mura A, Masala G, Tola S, Satta G, Fois F, Piras P, Rolain JM, Raoult D, Parola P, 2008. First direct detection of rickettsial pathogens and a new Rickettsia, ‘Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae,’ in ticks from Sardinia, Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect 14: 1028–1033.
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DNA of several spotted fever group rickettsiae was found in ticks in Israel. The findings include evidence for the existence of Rickettsia africae and Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae in ticks in Israel. The DNA of R. africae was detected in a Hyalomma detritum tick from a wild boar and DNA of C. Rickettsia barbariae was detected in Rhipicephalus turanicus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus collected from vegetation. The DNA of Rickettsia massiliae was found in Rh. sanguineus and Haemaphysalis erinacei, whereas DNA of Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae was detected in a Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. Clinicians should be aware that diseases caused by a variety of rickettsiae previously thought to be present only in other countries outside of the Middle East may infect residents of Israel who have not necessarily traveled overseas. Furthermore, this study reveals again that the epidemiology of the spotted fever group rickettsiae may not only involve Rickettsia conorii but may include other rickettsiae.
Authors' addresses: Trevor Waner, Animal Facilities, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel, E-mail: wanertnt@gmail.com. Avi Keysary and Yafit Atiya-Nasagi, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Infectious Diseases, Ness-Ziona, Israel, E-mails: rickiticki6@gmail.com and yafita@iibr.gov.il. Marina E. Eremeeva, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Statesboro, GA, E-mail: meremeeva@georgiasouthern.edu. Adi Beth Din, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Biochemistry, Ness Ziona, Israel, E-mail: adib@iibr.gov.il. Kosta Y. Mumcuoglu, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Jerusalem, Israel, E-mail: kostasm@ekmd.huji.ac.il. Roni King, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Veterinary Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel, E-mail: King@npa.org.il.
Valero A, 1949. Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Palestine. Harefuah 36: 99–101.
Kleinerman G, Baneth G, Mumcuoglu KY, van Straten M, Berlin D, Apanaskevich DA, Abdeen Z, Nasereddin A, Harrus S, 2013. Molecular detection of Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae in camels and Hyalomma spp. ticks from Israel. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 13: 851–856.
Harrus S, Perlman-Avrahami A, Mumcuoglu KY, Morick D, Baneth G, 2011. Molecular detection of Rickettsia massiliae, Rickettsia sibirica mongolitimonae and Rickettsia conorii israelensis in ticks from Israel. Clin Microbiol Infect 17: 176–180.
Keysary A, Eremeeva ME, Leitner M, Din AB, Wikswo ME, Mumcuoglu KY, Inbar M, Wallach AD, Shanas U, King R, Waner T, 2011. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from wild animals in Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 919–923.
Bauer O, Baneth G, Eshkol T, Shaw SE, Harrus S, 2006. Polygenic detection of Rickettsia felis in cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) from Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 444–448.
Aharonowitz G, Koton S, Segal S, Anis E, Green MS, 1999. Epidemiological characteristics of spotted fever in Israel over 26 years. Clin Infect Dis 29: 1321–1322.
Mumcuoglu KY, Keysary A, Gilead L, 2002. Mediterranean spotted fever in Israel: a tick-borne disease. Isr Med Assoc J 4: 44–49.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1951. A note on East Mediterranean species of the Haemaphysalis. Bull Res Counc Isr 1: 96–107.
Feldman-Muhsam B, 1954. Revision of the genus Hyalomma. Bull Res Counc Isr 64: 150–170.
Feldman-Muhsam B, Shechter R, 1970. Some notes on the genus Boophilus (Ixodidae), with special reference to species found in Israel. J Med Entomol 7: 677–686.
Pegram R, Clifford C, Walker J, Keirans J, 1987. Clarification of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group (Acari, Ixodoidea, Ixodidae). I. R. sulcatus Neumann, 1908 and R. turanicus Pomerantsev, 1936. Syst Parasitol 10: 3–26.
Leitner M, Yitzhaki S, Rzotkiewicz S, Keysary A, 2002. Polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of Mediterranean spotted fever in serum and tissue samples. Am J Trop Med Hyg 67: 166–169.
Abdel-Shafy S, Allam NA, Mediannikov O, Parola P, Raoult D, 2012. Molecular detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae associated with ixodid ticks in Egypt. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 12: 346–359.
Rolain JM, Maurin M, Vestris G, Raoult D, 1998. In vitro susceptibilities of 27 rickettsiae to 13 antimicrobials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 42: 1537–1541.
Kelly P, Matthewman L, Beati L, Raoult D, Mason P, Dreary M, Makombe R, 1992. African tick-bite fever: a new spotted fever group rickettsiosis under an old name. Lancet 340: 982–983.
Althaus F, Greub G, Raoult D, Genton B, 2010. African tick-bite fever: a new entity in the differential diagnosis of multiple eschars in travelers. Description of five cases imported from South Africa to Switzerland. Int J Infect Dis 14 (Suppl 3): e274–e276.
Parola P, Attali J, Raoult D, 2003. First detection of Rickettsia africae on Martinique, in the French West Indies. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97: 535–537.
Eldin C, Mediannikov O, Davoust B, Cabre O, Barre N, Raoult D, Parola P, 2011. Emergence of Rickettsia africae, Oceania. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 100–102.
Portillo A, Perez-Martinez L, Santibanez S, Blanco JR, Ibarra V, Oteo JA, 2007. Detection of Rickettsia africae in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus ticks from the Republic of Botswana, South Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 77: 376–377.
Mediannikov O, Diatta G, Fenollar F, Sokhna C, Trape JF, Raoult D, 2010. Tick-borne rickettsioses, neglected emerging diseases in rural Senegal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e821.
Parola P, Socolovschi C, Jeanjean L, Bitam I, Fournier PE, Sotto A, Labauge P, Raoult D, 2008. Warmer weather linked to tick attack and emergence of severe rickettsioses. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2: e338.
Palomar AM, Santibanez P, Mazuelas D, Roncero L, Santibanez S, Portillo A, Jose AO, 2012. Role of birds in dispersal of etiologic agents of tick-borne zoonoses, Spain. Emerg Infect Dis 18: 1188–1191.
Safriel U, 2008. Bird migration at Eilat, Israel. Int J Bird Sci. 110: 283–320.
Reshef R, Levo Y, Giladi M, 2007. African tick bite fever in a returned traveler. Isr Med Assoc J 9: 680–681.
Leshem E, Meltzer E, Schwartz E, 2011. Travel-associated zoonotic bacterial diseases. Curr Opin Infect Dis 24: 457–463.
Mura A, Masala G, Tola S, Satta G, Fois F, Piras P, Rolain JM, Raoult D, Parola P, 2008. First direct detection of rickettsial pathogens and a new Rickettsia, ‘Candidatus Rickettsia barbariae,’ in ticks from Sardinia, Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect 14: 1028–1033.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1878 | 1696 | 467 |
Full Text Views | 486 | 18 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 148 | 14 | 3 |