Jonsson CB, Figueiredo LT, Vapalahti O, 2010. A global perspective on hantavirus ecology, epidemiology, and disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 23: 412–441.
Lin XD, Guo WP, Wang W, Zou Y, Hao ZY, Zhou DJ, Dong X, Qu YG, Li MH, Tian HF, Wen JF, Plyusnin A, Xu J, Zhang YZ, 2012. Migration of norway rats resulted in the worldwide distribution of seoul hantavirus today. J Virol 86: 972–981.
Glass GE, Watson AJ, LeDuc JW, Childs JE, 1994. Domestic cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the United States. Nephron 68: 48–51.
Tsai TF, Bauer SP, Sasso DR, Whitfield SG, McCormick JB, Caraway TC, McFarland L, Bradford H, Kurata T, 1985. Serological and virological evidence of a Hantaan virus-related enzootic in the United States. J Infect Dis 152: 126–136.
Tsai TF, Bauer SP, Sasso DR, McCormick JB, Bradford H, Caraway CT, McFarland LM, Medrano O, Soulie G, 1982. Preliminary evidence that Hantaan or a closely related virus is enzootic in domestic rodents. N Engl J Med 307: 623–625.
Mills J, Yates T, Childs J, Parmenter R, Ksiazek T, Rollin P, Peters C, 1995. Guidelines for working with rodents potentially infected with hantavirus. J Mammal 76: 716–722.
Arthur RR, Lofts RS, Gomez J, Glass GE, Leduc JW, Childs JE, 1992. Grouping of hantaviruses by small (S) genome segment polymerase chain reaction and amplification of viral RNA from wild-caught rats. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 210–224.
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG, 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948.
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP, 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S, 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2731–2739.
Elliott LH, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Spiropoulou CF, Morzunov S, Monroe M, Goldsmith CS, Humphrey CD, Zaki SR, Krebs JW, Maupin GO, Gage KL, Childs JE, Nichol ST, Peters CJ, 1994. Isolation of the causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51: 102–108.
Easterbrook JD, Shields T, Klein SL, Glass GE, 2005. Norway rat population in Baltimore, Maryland, 2004. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5: 296–299.
LeDuc JW, Smith GA, Childs JE, Pinheiro FP, Maiztegui JI, Niklasson B, Antoniades A, Robinson DM, Khin M, Shortridge KF, Wooster MT, Elwell MR, Ilbery PLT, Koech D, Rosa EST, Rosen L, 1986. Global survey of antibody to Hantaan-related viruses among peridomestic rodents. Bull World Health Organ 64: 139–144.
Childs JE, Korch GW, Smith GA, Terry AD, Leduc JW, 1985. Geographical distribution and age related prevalence of antibody to Hantaan-like virus in rat populations of Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 385–387.
Easterbrook JD, Kaplan JB, Vanasco NB, Reeves WK, Purcell RH, Kosoy MY, Glass GE, Watson J, Klein SL, 2007. A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by Norway rats in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Epidemiol Infect 135: 1192–1199.
Korch GW, Childs JE, Glass GE, Rossi CA, LeDuc JW, 1989. Serologic evidence of hantaviral infections within small mammal communities of Baltimore, Maryland: spatial and temporal patterns and host range. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41: 230–240.
Gibbs CJ Jr, Takenaka A, Franko M, Gajdusek DC, Griffin MD, Chields J, Korch GW, Wartzok D, 1982. Seroepidemiology of Hantaan virus. Lancet 2: 1406–1407.
LeDuc JW, Smith GA, Johnson KM, 1984. Hantaan-like viruses from domestic rats captured in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 992–998.
LeDuc JW, Smith GA, Bagley LR, Hasty SE, Johnson KM, 1982. Hantaan virus or an antigenically similar virus in Rattus populations (Letter to the Editor). N Engl J Med 307: 624.
Smith HM, Reporter R, Rood MP, Linscott AJ, Mascola LM, Hogrefe W, Purcell RH, 2002. Prevalence study of antibody to ratborne pathogens and other agents among patients using a free clinic in downtown Los Angeles. J Infect Dis 186: 1673–1676.
Lee P-W, Yanagihara R, Franko MC, Amyx HL, Gibbs CJ, Gajdusek DC, 1982. Korean hemorrhagic fever virus or similar antigenic agents in wild-rodent populations in the United States (Letter to the Editor). N Engl J Med 307: 624–625.
Yanagihara R, Daum CA, Lee PW, Baek LJ, Amyx HL, Gajdusek DC, Gibbs CJ Jr, 1987. Serological survey of Prospect Hill virus infection in indigenous wild rodents in the USA. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 81: 42–45.
Forthal DN, Bauer SP, McCormick JB, 1987. Antibody to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome viruses (Hantaviruses) in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 126: 1210–1213.
Auwaerter PG, Oldach D, Mundy LM, Burton A, Warner ML, Vance E, Moore RD, Rossi CA, 1996. Hantavirus serologies in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. J Infect Dis 173: 237–239.
Childs JE, Glass GE, Ksiazek TG, Rossi CA, Oro JG, Leduc JW, 1991. Human-rodent contact and infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis and Seoul viruses in an inner-city population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 117–121.
Diglisic G, Rossi CA, Doti A, Walshe DK, 1999. Seroprevalence study of Hantavirus infection in the community based population. Md Med J 48: 303–306.
Khabbaz RF, Ksiazek TG, Caiaffa WT, Rollin PE, Taylor E, Vlahov D, 1994. Seoul hantavirus seropositivity among injecting drug users in Baltimore. J Infect Dis 170: 1636–1637.
Yanagihara R, Chin CT, Weiss MB, Gajdusek DC, Diwan AR, Poland JB, Kleeman KT, Wilfert CM, Meiklejohn G, Glezen WP, 1985. Serological evidence of Hantaan virus infection in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 396–399.
Woods C, Palekar R, Kim P, Blythe D, de Senarclens O, Feldman K, Farnon EC, Rollin PE, Albarino CG, Nichol ST, Smith M, 2009. Domestically acquired seoul virus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome-Maryland, 2008. Clin Infect Dis 49: e109–e112.
Roig IL, Musher DM, Tweardy DJ, 2012. Severe pulmonary involvement in a case attributed to domestically acquired Seoul hantavirus in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 54: 91–94.
Glass GE, Watson AJ, LeDuc JW, Kelen GD, Quinn TC, Childs JE, 1993. Infection with a ratborne hantavirus in US residents is consistently associated with hypertensive renal disease. J Infect Dis 167: 614–620.
LeDuc JW, Childs JE, Glass GE, 1992. The Hantaviruses, etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: a possible cause of hypertension and chronic renal disease in the United States. Annu Rev Public Health 13: 79–98.
Mathes RW, Page WF, Crawford HM, McBean AM, Miller RN, 2005. Long-term sequelae of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome attributable to Hantaan virus in Korean War veterans. Mil Med 170: 315–319.
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Seoul virus, an Old World hantavirus, is maintained in brown rats and causes a mild form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. We captured rodents in New Orleans, Louisiana and tested them for the presence of Old World hantaviruses by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with sequencing, cell culture, and electron microscopy; 6 (3.4%) of 178 rodents captured—all brown rats—were positive for a Seoul virus variant previously coined Tchoupitoulas virus, which was noted in rodents in New Orleans in the 1980s. The finding of Tchoupitoulas virus in New Orleans over 25 years since its first discovery suggests stable endemicity in the city. Although the degree to which this virus causes human infection and disease remains unknown, repeated demonstration of Seoul virus in rodent populations, recent cases of laboratory-confirmed HFRS in some US cities, and a possible link with hypertensive renal disease warrant additional investigation in both rodents and humans.
Financial support: Funding for this research was provided by a Tulane University Research Enhancement grant.
Authors' addresses: Robert W. Cross, Bradley Waffa, Lina M. Moses, Andrew Bennett, Thomas G. Voss, and Daniel G. Bausch, Health Science Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, E-mails: rwcross@utmb.edu, bjwaffa@ncsu.edu, linammoses@gmail.com, Andrew.j.bennett@gmail.com, thomas.voss@sri.com, and dbausch@tulane.edu. Ashley Freeman and Claudia Riegel, New Orleans Mosquito, Termite, and Rodent Control Board, New Orleans, LA, E-mails: Anfree1005@yahoo.com and criegel@cityofno.com. David Safronetz, Elizabeth R. Fischer, and Heinz Feldmann, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, E-mails: safronetzd@niaid.nih.gov, efischer@niaid.nih.gov, and feldmannh@niaid.nih.gov.
Jonsson CB, Figueiredo LT, Vapalahti O, 2010. A global perspective on hantavirus ecology, epidemiology, and disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 23: 412–441.
Lin XD, Guo WP, Wang W, Zou Y, Hao ZY, Zhou DJ, Dong X, Qu YG, Li MH, Tian HF, Wen JF, Plyusnin A, Xu J, Zhang YZ, 2012. Migration of norway rats resulted in the worldwide distribution of seoul hantavirus today. J Virol 86: 972–981.
Glass GE, Watson AJ, LeDuc JW, Childs JE, 1994. Domestic cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the United States. Nephron 68: 48–51.
Tsai TF, Bauer SP, Sasso DR, Whitfield SG, McCormick JB, Caraway TC, McFarland L, Bradford H, Kurata T, 1985. Serological and virological evidence of a Hantaan virus-related enzootic in the United States. J Infect Dis 152: 126–136.
Tsai TF, Bauer SP, Sasso DR, McCormick JB, Bradford H, Caraway CT, McFarland LM, Medrano O, Soulie G, 1982. Preliminary evidence that Hantaan or a closely related virus is enzootic in domestic rodents. N Engl J Med 307: 623–625.
Mills J, Yates T, Childs J, Parmenter R, Ksiazek T, Rollin P, Peters C, 1995. Guidelines for working with rodents potentially infected with hantavirus. J Mammal 76: 716–722.
Arthur RR, Lofts RS, Gomez J, Glass GE, Leduc JW, Childs JE, 1992. Grouping of hantaviruses by small (S) genome segment polymerase chain reaction and amplification of viral RNA from wild-caught rats. Am J Trop Med Hyg 47: 210–224.
Larkin MA, Blackshields G, Brown NP, Chenna R, McGettigan PA, McWilliam H, Valentin F, Wallace IM, Wilm A, Lopez R, Thompson JD, Gibson TJ, Higgins DG, 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics 23: 2947–2948.
Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP, 2003. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574.
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S, 2011. MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Mol Biol Evol 28: 2731–2739.
Elliott LH, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Spiropoulou CF, Morzunov S, Monroe M, Goldsmith CS, Humphrey CD, Zaki SR, Krebs JW, Maupin GO, Gage KL, Childs JE, Nichol ST, Peters CJ, 1994. Isolation of the causative agent of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 51: 102–108.
Easterbrook JD, Shields T, Klein SL, Glass GE, 2005. Norway rat population in Baltimore, Maryland, 2004. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 5: 296–299.
LeDuc JW, Smith GA, Childs JE, Pinheiro FP, Maiztegui JI, Niklasson B, Antoniades A, Robinson DM, Khin M, Shortridge KF, Wooster MT, Elwell MR, Ilbery PLT, Koech D, Rosa EST, Rosen L, 1986. Global survey of antibody to Hantaan-related viruses among peridomestic rodents. Bull World Health Organ 64: 139–144.
Childs JE, Korch GW, Smith GA, Terry AD, Leduc JW, 1985. Geographical distribution and age related prevalence of antibody to Hantaan-like virus in rat populations of Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 385–387.
Easterbrook JD, Kaplan JB, Vanasco NB, Reeves WK, Purcell RH, Kosoy MY, Glass GE, Watson J, Klein SL, 2007. A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by Norway rats in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Epidemiol Infect 135: 1192–1199.
Korch GW, Childs JE, Glass GE, Rossi CA, LeDuc JW, 1989. Serologic evidence of hantaviral infections within small mammal communities of Baltimore, Maryland: spatial and temporal patterns and host range. Am J Trop Med Hyg 41: 230–240.
Gibbs CJ Jr, Takenaka A, Franko M, Gajdusek DC, Griffin MD, Chields J, Korch GW, Wartzok D, 1982. Seroepidemiology of Hantaan virus. Lancet 2: 1406–1407.
LeDuc JW, Smith GA, Johnson KM, 1984. Hantaan-like viruses from domestic rats captured in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33: 992–998.
LeDuc JW, Smith GA, Bagley LR, Hasty SE, Johnson KM, 1982. Hantaan virus or an antigenically similar virus in Rattus populations (Letter to the Editor). N Engl J Med 307: 624.
Smith HM, Reporter R, Rood MP, Linscott AJ, Mascola LM, Hogrefe W, Purcell RH, 2002. Prevalence study of antibody to ratborne pathogens and other agents among patients using a free clinic in downtown Los Angeles. J Infect Dis 186: 1673–1676.
Lee P-W, Yanagihara R, Franko MC, Amyx HL, Gibbs CJ, Gajdusek DC, 1982. Korean hemorrhagic fever virus or similar antigenic agents in wild-rodent populations in the United States (Letter to the Editor). N Engl J Med 307: 624–625.
Yanagihara R, Daum CA, Lee PW, Baek LJ, Amyx HL, Gajdusek DC, Gibbs CJ Jr, 1987. Serological survey of Prospect Hill virus infection in indigenous wild rodents in the USA. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 81: 42–45.
Forthal DN, Bauer SP, McCormick JB, 1987. Antibody to hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome viruses (Hantaviruses) in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 126: 1210–1213.
Auwaerter PG, Oldach D, Mundy LM, Burton A, Warner ML, Vance E, Moore RD, Rossi CA, 1996. Hantavirus serologies in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia. J Infect Dis 173: 237–239.
Childs JE, Glass GE, Ksiazek TG, Rossi CA, Oro JG, Leduc JW, 1991. Human-rodent contact and infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis and Seoul viruses in an inner-city population. Am J Trop Med Hyg 44: 117–121.
Diglisic G, Rossi CA, Doti A, Walshe DK, 1999. Seroprevalence study of Hantavirus infection in the community based population. Md Med J 48: 303–306.
Khabbaz RF, Ksiazek TG, Caiaffa WT, Rollin PE, Taylor E, Vlahov D, 1994. Seoul hantavirus seropositivity among injecting drug users in Baltimore. J Infect Dis 170: 1636–1637.
Yanagihara R, Chin CT, Weiss MB, Gajdusek DC, Diwan AR, Poland JB, Kleeman KT, Wilfert CM, Meiklejohn G, Glezen WP, 1985. Serological evidence of Hantaan virus infection in the United States. Am J Trop Med Hyg 34: 396–399.
Woods C, Palekar R, Kim P, Blythe D, de Senarclens O, Feldman K, Farnon EC, Rollin PE, Albarino CG, Nichol ST, Smith M, 2009. Domestically acquired seoul virus causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome-Maryland, 2008. Clin Infect Dis 49: e109–e112.
Roig IL, Musher DM, Tweardy DJ, 2012. Severe pulmonary involvement in a case attributed to domestically acquired Seoul hantavirus in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 54: 91–94.
Glass GE, Watson AJ, LeDuc JW, Kelen GD, Quinn TC, Childs JE, 1993. Infection with a ratborne hantavirus in US residents is consistently associated with hypertensive renal disease. J Infect Dis 167: 614–620.
LeDuc JW, Childs JE, Glass GE, 1992. The Hantaviruses, etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: a possible cause of hypertension and chronic renal disease in the United States. Annu Rev Public Health 13: 79–98.
Mathes RW, Page WF, Crawford HM, McBean AM, Miller RN, 2005. Long-term sequelae of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome attributable to Hantaan virus in Korean War veterans. Mil Med 170: 315–319.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1067 | 910 | 39 |
Full Text Views | 342 | 25 | 3 |
PDF Downloads | 116 | 24 | 6 |