World Health Organization, 2012. World Malaria Report. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2012/en/. Accessed July 24, 2013.
Bayoh MN, Mathias DK, Odiere MR, Mutuku FM, Kamau L, Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, Hamel MJ, Walker ED, 2010. Anopheles gambiae: historical population decline associated with regional distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets in western Nyanza Province, Kenya. Malar J 9: 62.
Russell TL, Govella NJ, Azizi S, Drakeley CJ, Kachur SP, Killeen GF, 2011. Increased proportions of outdoor feeding among residual malaria vector populations following increased use of insecticide-treated nets in rural Tanzania. Malar J 10: 80.
Okumu FO, Mbeyela E, Lingamba G, Moore J, Ntamatungiro AJ, Kavishe DR, Kenward MG, Turner E, Lorenz LM, Moore SJ, 2013. Comparative field evaluation of combinations of long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying, relative to either method alone, for malaria prevention in an area where the main vector is Anopheles arabiensis. Parasit Vectors 6: 46.
World Health Organization, 2012. Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in Malaria Vectors. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/gpirm/en/. Accessed July 24, 2013.
Ohba SY, Ohashi K, Pujiyati E, Higa Y, Kawada H, Mito N, Takagi M, 2013. The effect of pyriproxyfen as a “population growth regulator” against Aedes albopictus under semi-field conditions. PLoS One 8: e67045.
Ohashi K, Nakada K, Ishiwatari T, Miyaguchi J, Shono Y, Lucas JR, Mito N, 2012. Efficacy of pyriproxyfen-treated nets in sterilizing and shortening the longevity of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 49: 1052–1058.
Harris C, Lwetoijera DW, Dongus S, Matowo NS, Lorenz LM, Devine GJ, Majambere S, 2013. Sterilizing effects of pyriproxyfen on Anopheles arabiensis and its potential use in malaria control. Parasit Vectors 6: 144.
Devine GJ, Zamora Perea E, Killeen GF, Stancil JD, Clark SJ, Morrison AC, 2009. Using adult mosquitoes to transfer insecticides to Aedes aegypti larval habitats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 11530–11534.
Caputo B, Ienco A, Cianci D, Pombi M, Petrarca V, Baseggio A, Devine GJ, della Torre A, 2012. The “auto-dissemination” approach: a novel concept to fight Aedes albopictus in urban areas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1793.
Ferguson HM, Ng'habi KR, Walder T, Kadungula D, Moore SJ, Lyimo I, Russell TL, Urassa H, Mshinda H, Killeen GF, Knols BG, 2008. Establishment of a large semi-field system for experimental study of African malaria vector ecology and control in Tanzania. Malar J 7: 158.
Devine GJ, Killeen GF, 2010. The potential of a new larviciding method for the control of malaria vectors. Malar J 9: 142.
R Core Team, 2013. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, 2013. Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using S4 Classes. Available at: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/index.html. Accessed January 13, 2014.
Kitau J, Oxborough RM, Tungu PK, Matowo J, Malima RC, Magesa SM, Bruce J, Mosha FW, Rowland MW, 2012. Species shifts in the Anopheles gambiae complex: do LLINs successfully control Anopheles arabiensis? PLoS One 7: e31481.
Elliott R, 1972. The influence of vector behavior upon malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 21: 755–763.
Messenger LA, Miller NP, Adeogun AO, Awolola TS, Rowland M, 2012. The development of insecticide-treated durable wall lining for malaria control: insights from rural and urban populations in Angola and Nigeria. Malar J 11: 332.
Haji KA, Khatib BO, Smith S, Ali AS, Devine GJ, Coetzee M, Majambere S, 2013. Challenges for malaria elimination in Zanzibar: pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors and poor performance of long-lasting insecticide nets. Parasit Vectors 6: 82.
Okoye PN, Brooke BD, Koekemoer LL, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 2008. Characterisation of DDT, pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in Anopheles funestus from Obuasi, Ghana. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 591–598.
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One of the main challenges to malaria elimination is the resilience of vectors, such as Anopheles arabiensis, that evade lethal exposure to insecticidal control measures or express resistance to their active ingredients. This study investigated a novel technology for population control that sterilizes mosquitoes using pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analogue. Females of An. arabiensis were released in a semifield system divided into four equal sections, and each section had a mud hut sheltering a tethered cow providing a blood source for mosquitoes. In all sections, the inner mud hut walls and roofs were lined with black cotton cloth. In one-half of the sections, the cloth was dusted with pyriproxyfen. An overwhelming 96% reduction in adult production was achieved in pyriproxyfen-treated sections compared with control sections. This unprecedented level of control can be exploited to design new vector control strategies that particularly target existing behaviorally resilient and insecticide-resistant populations.
Financial support: This work was supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation Grant OPP52644.
Authors' addresses: Dickson W. Lwetoijera, Caroline Harris, Gerry F. Killeen, Stefan Dongus, and Silas Majambere, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom, E-mails: dwilson@ihi.or.tz, charris@ihi.or.tz, gkilleen@ihi.or.tz, sdongus@ih.or.tz, and smajambere@ihi.or.tz. Samson S. Kiware, Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, E-mail: skiware@ihi.or.tz. Gregor J. Devine, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia, E-mail: greg.devine@qimrberghofer.edu.au.
World Health Organization, 2012. World Malaria Report. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2012/en/. Accessed July 24, 2013.
Bayoh MN, Mathias DK, Odiere MR, Mutuku FM, Kamau L, Gimnig JE, Vulule JM, Hawley WA, Hamel MJ, Walker ED, 2010. Anopheles gambiae: historical population decline associated with regional distribution of insecticide-treated bed nets in western Nyanza Province, Kenya. Malar J 9: 62.
Russell TL, Govella NJ, Azizi S, Drakeley CJ, Kachur SP, Killeen GF, 2011. Increased proportions of outdoor feeding among residual malaria vector populations following increased use of insecticide-treated nets in rural Tanzania. Malar J 10: 80.
Okumu FO, Mbeyela E, Lingamba G, Moore J, Ntamatungiro AJ, Kavishe DR, Kenward MG, Turner E, Lorenz LM, Moore SJ, 2013. Comparative field evaluation of combinations of long-lasting insecticide treated nets and indoor residual spraying, relative to either method alone, for malaria prevention in an area where the main vector is Anopheles arabiensis. Parasit Vectors 6: 46.
World Health Organization, 2012. Global Plan for Insecticide Resistance Management in Malaria Vectors. Available at: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/gpirm/en/. Accessed July 24, 2013.
Ohba SY, Ohashi K, Pujiyati E, Higa Y, Kawada H, Mito N, Takagi M, 2013. The effect of pyriproxyfen as a “population growth regulator” against Aedes albopictus under semi-field conditions. PLoS One 8: e67045.
Ohashi K, Nakada K, Ishiwatari T, Miyaguchi J, Shono Y, Lucas JR, Mito N, 2012. Efficacy of pyriproxyfen-treated nets in sterilizing and shortening the longevity of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). J Med Entomol 49: 1052–1058.
Harris C, Lwetoijera DW, Dongus S, Matowo NS, Lorenz LM, Devine GJ, Majambere S, 2013. Sterilizing effects of pyriproxyfen on Anopheles arabiensis and its potential use in malaria control. Parasit Vectors 6: 144.
Devine GJ, Zamora Perea E, Killeen GF, Stancil JD, Clark SJ, Morrison AC, 2009. Using adult mosquitoes to transfer insecticides to Aedes aegypti larval habitats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 11530–11534.
Caputo B, Ienco A, Cianci D, Pombi M, Petrarca V, Baseggio A, Devine GJ, della Torre A, 2012. The “auto-dissemination” approach: a novel concept to fight Aedes albopictus in urban areas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 6: e1793.
Ferguson HM, Ng'habi KR, Walder T, Kadungula D, Moore SJ, Lyimo I, Russell TL, Urassa H, Mshinda H, Killeen GF, Knols BG, 2008. Establishment of a large semi-field system for experimental study of African malaria vector ecology and control in Tanzania. Malar J 7: 158.
Devine GJ, Killeen GF, 2010. The potential of a new larviciding method for the control of malaria vectors. Malar J 9: 142.
R Core Team, 2013. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, 2013. Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using S4 Classes. Available at: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/index.html. Accessed January 13, 2014.
Kitau J, Oxborough RM, Tungu PK, Matowo J, Malima RC, Magesa SM, Bruce J, Mosha FW, Rowland MW, 2012. Species shifts in the Anopheles gambiae complex: do LLINs successfully control Anopheles arabiensis? PLoS One 7: e31481.
Elliott R, 1972. The influence of vector behavior upon malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 21: 755–763.
Messenger LA, Miller NP, Adeogun AO, Awolola TS, Rowland M, 2012. The development of insecticide-treated durable wall lining for malaria control: insights from rural and urban populations in Angola and Nigeria. Malar J 11: 332.
Haji KA, Khatib BO, Smith S, Ali AS, Devine GJ, Coetzee M, Majambere S, 2013. Challenges for malaria elimination in Zanzibar: pyrethroid resistance in malaria vectors and poor performance of long-lasting insecticide nets. Parasit Vectors 6: 82.
Okoye PN, Brooke BD, Koekemoer LL, Hunt RH, Coetzee M, 2008. Characterisation of DDT, pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in Anopheles funestus from Obuasi, Ghana. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102: 591–598.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 826 | 618 | 135 |
Full Text Views | 489 | 13 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 91 | 12 | 0 |