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1.
Adler B, de la Peña Moctezuma A, 2010. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol 140: 287–296.
-
2.
Lau CL, Smythe LD, Craig SB, Weinstein P, 2010. Climate change, flooding, urbanization and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 104: 631–638.
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3.
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 296–326.
-
4.
The Center for Food Security & Public Health ISU, 2005. Leptospirosis. Available at: http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/leptospirosis.pdf, 7. Accessed February 4, 2012.
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5.
Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Diaz MM, Lovett MA, Levett PN, Gilman RH, Willig MR, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM; Consortium P-USL, 2003. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis 3: 757–771.
-
6.
Adler B, Lo M, Seemann T, Murray GL, 2011. Pathogenesis of leptospirosis: the influence of genomics. Vet Microbiol 153: 73–81.
-
7.
World Health Organization, 2003. Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_CSR_EPH_2002.23.pdf, 109. Accessed February 4, 2012.
-
8.
Lau C, Smythe L, Weinstein P, 2010. Leptospirosis: an emerging disease in travelers. Travel Med Infect Dis 8: 33–39.
-
9.
Levett P, 2004. Leptospirosis: a forgotten zoonosis? Clin Appl Immunol Rev 4: 435–448.
-
10.
ProMED-mail, 2004. Leptospirosis - Kenya (Bungoma). 20040616.1613. Available at: http://www.promedmail.org/. Accessed March 7, 2012.
-
11.
Biggs HM, Bui DM, Galloway RL, Stoddard RA, Shadomy SV, Morrissey AB, Bartlett JA, Onyango JJ, Maro VP, Kinabo GD, Saganda W, Crump JA, 2011. Leptospirosis among hospitalized febrile patients in northern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 275–281.
-
12.
Sebek Z, Sixl W, Reinthaler F, Abdel-Nabi O, Stünzner D, Schneeweiss W, Mascher F, Valova M, 1989. Leptospirosis in the Melut district–upper Nile province (south Sudan)–an overview. Geogr Med Suppl 5: 161–178.
-
13.
Van Riel J, Szpajshendler L, Van Riel M, 1956. Clinical, bacteriological and epidemiological research on a new focus of leptospirosis in the Belgian Congo. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 49: 118–143.
-
14.
Scolamacchia F, Handel IG, Fèvre EM, Morgan KL, Tanya VN, Bronsvoort BM, 2010. Serological patterns of brucellosis, leptospirosis and Q fever in Bos indicus cattle in Cameroon. PLoS ONE 5: e8623.
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15.
Thrusfield MV, 2007. Veterinary Epidemiology. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
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16.
Ball MG, 1966. Animal hosts of leptospires in Kenya and Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 15: 523–530.
-
17.
Millan J, Chirife AD, Zikusoka-Kalema G, Cabezon O, Muro J, Marco I, Cliquet F, Vizcaino-Leon L, Wasniewski M, Almeria S, Mugisha L, 2013. Serosurvey of dogs for human, livestock, and wildlife pathogens, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 680–682.
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Ministry of Health, 2005. Uganda Malaria Control Strategic Plan 2005/06–2009/2010. Program MC, ed. Uganda, 49.
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Ndyomugyenyi R, Magnussen P, Clarke S, 2007. Diagnosis and treatment of malaria in peripheral health facilities in Uganda: findings from an area of low transmission in south-western Uganda. Malar J 6: 39.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
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| Abstract Views | 49 | 49 | 6 |
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Seroprevalence of Leptospira Hardjo in Cattle and African Buffalos in Southwestern Uganda
Christine Atherstone
Christine Atherstone
College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MSc Student International Animal Health Programme, Division of Pathway Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Conservation through Public Health, Entebbe, Uganda
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Kim Picozzi
Kim Picozzi
College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MSc Student International Animal Health Programme, Division of Pathway Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Conservation through Public Health, Entebbe, Uganda
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Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka
Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka
College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; MSc Student International Animal Health Programme, Division of Pathway Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Conservation through Public Health, Entebbe, Uganda
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Leptospirosis, caused by the spirochete bacterium Leptospira spp. is a zoonosis, distributed worldwide and classified as an emerging infectious disease. Fatal outcomes to leptospiral infection do occur and the disease can cause abortion and other reproductive problems in cattle, goats, and pigs. In humans the symptoms range from subclinical infection to acute febrile illness, pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure. Leptospirosis has never been officially reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) or the World Animal Health Organization in animals or humans in Uganda. However, favorable ecological conditions and suitable animal hosts can be found within the country. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) kit was used to screen sera samples from domesticated cattle and African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) at two locations in southwestern Uganda, collected over a 4-year period. Positive samples were found in both cattle and African buffalo samples, from both locations and across the sampling period. Overall seroprevalence was 42.39% in African buffalo and 29.35% in cattle.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Christine Atherstone, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda, E-mail: Christine.atherstone@gmail.com. Kim Picozzi, Division of Pathway Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK, E-mail: Kim.Picozzi@ed.ac.uk. Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka, Conservation through Public Health, Entebbe, Uganda, E-mail: Gladys@ctph.org.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Adler B, de la Peña Moctezuma A, 2010. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol 140: 287–296.
-
2.
Lau CL, Smythe LD, Craig SB, Weinstein P, 2010. Climate change, flooding, urbanization and leptospirosis: fuelling the fire? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 104: 631–638.
-
3.
Levett PN, 2001. Leptospirosis. Clin Microbiol Rev 14: 296–326.
-
4.
The Center for Food Security & Public Health ISU, 2005. Leptospirosis. Available at: http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Factsheets/pdfs/leptospirosis.pdf, 7. Accessed February 4, 2012.
-
5.
Bharti AR, Nally JE, Ricaldi JN, Matthias MA, Diaz MM, Lovett MA, Levett PN, Gilman RH, Willig MR, Gotuzzo E, Vinetz JM; Consortium P-USL, 2003. Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance. Lancet Infect Dis 3: 757–771.
-
6.
Adler B, Lo M, Seemann T, Murray GL, 2011. Pathogenesis of leptospirosis: the influence of genomics. Vet Microbiol 153: 73–81.
-
7.
World Health Organization, 2003. Human Leptospirosis: Guidance for Diagnosis, Surveillance and Control. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2003/WHO_CDS_CSR_EPH_2002.23.pdf, 109. Accessed February 4, 2012.
-
8.
Lau C, Smythe L, Weinstein P, 2010. Leptospirosis: an emerging disease in travelers. Travel Med Infect Dis 8: 33–39.
-
9.
Levett P, 2004. Leptospirosis: a forgotten zoonosis? Clin Appl Immunol Rev 4: 435–448.
-
10.
ProMED-mail, 2004. Leptospirosis - Kenya (Bungoma). 20040616.1613. Available at: http://www.promedmail.org/. Accessed March 7, 2012.
-
11.
Biggs HM, Bui DM, Galloway RL, Stoddard RA, Shadomy SV, Morrissey AB, Bartlett JA, Onyango JJ, Maro VP, Kinabo GD, Saganda W, Crump JA, 2011. Leptospirosis among hospitalized febrile patients in northern Tanzania. Am J Trop Med Hyg 85: 275–281.
-
12.
Sebek Z, Sixl W, Reinthaler F, Abdel-Nabi O, Stünzner D, Schneeweiss W, Mascher F, Valova M, 1989. Leptospirosis in the Melut district–upper Nile province (south Sudan)–an overview. Geogr Med Suppl 5: 161–178.
-
13.
Van Riel J, Szpajshendler L, Van Riel M, 1956. Clinical, bacteriological and epidemiological research on a new focus of leptospirosis in the Belgian Congo. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 49: 118–143.
-
14.
Scolamacchia F, Handel IG, Fèvre EM, Morgan KL, Tanya VN, Bronsvoort BM, 2010. Serological patterns of brucellosis, leptospirosis and Q fever in Bos indicus cattle in Cameroon. PLoS ONE 5: e8623.
-
15.
Thrusfield MV, 2007. Veterinary Epidemiology. Oxford: Blackwell Science.
-
16.
Ball MG, 1966. Animal hosts of leptospires in Kenya and Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg 15: 523–530.
-
17.
Millan J, Chirife AD, Zikusoka-Kalema G, Cabezon O, Muro J, Marco I, Cliquet F, Vizcaino-Leon L, Wasniewski M, Almeria S, Mugisha L, 2013. Serosurvey of dogs for human, livestock, and wildlife pathogens, Uganda. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 680–682.
-
18.
Ministry of Health, 2005. Uganda Malaria Control Strategic Plan 2005/06–2009/2010. Program MC, ed. Uganda, 49.
-
19.
Ndyomugyenyi R, Magnussen P, Clarke S, 2007. Diagnosis and treatment of malaria in peripheral health facilities in Uganda: findings from an area of low transmission in south-western Uganda. Malar J 6: 39.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 49 | 49 | 6 |
| Full Text Views | 450 | 164 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 133 | 20 | 0 |