ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, 2011. Global Programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report on mass drug administration, 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 86: 377–388.
-
2.
Zeldenryk LM, Gray M, Speare R, Gordon S, Melrose W, 2011. The emerging story of disability associated with lymphatic filariasis: a critical review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1366.
-
3.
WHA50, 1997. Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as a Public Health Problem. Available at: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/mediacentre/WHA_50.29_Eng.pdf. Accessed August 27, 2012.
-
4.
World Health Organization, 2005. Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of the Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis at Implementation Unit Level. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
5.
World Health Organization, 2011. Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration in the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: A Manual for National Elimination Programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
6.
Sodahlon YK, Dorkenoo AM, Morgah K, Nabiliou K, Agbo K, Miller R, Datagni M, Seim A, Mathieu E, 2013. A success story: Togo is moving toward becoming the first sub-Saharan African nation to eliminate lymphatic filariasis through mass drug administration and countrywide morbidity alleviation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2080.
-
7.
Mathieu E, Dorkenoo A, Otogbe FK, Budge PJ, Sodahlon YK, 2011. A laboratory-based surveillance system for Wuchereria bancrofti in Togo: a practical model for resource-poor settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 988–993.
-
8.
German RR, Lee LM, Horan JM, Milstein RL, Pertowski CA, Waller MN; Guidelines Working Group Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2001. Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep 50 (RR-13): 1–35.
-
9.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 1988. Guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 37 (Suppl 5): 1–18.
-
10.
Gyapong JO, Kyelem D, Kleinschmidt I, Agbo K, Ahouandogbo F, Gaba J, Owusu-Banahene G, Sanou S, Sodahlon YK, Biswas G, Kale OO, Molyneux DH, Roungou JB, Thomson MC, Remme J, 2002. The use of spatial analysis in mapping the distribution of bancroftian filariasis in four West African countries. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96: 695–705.
-
11.
Gyapong JO, Remme JH, 2001. The use of grid sampling methodology for rapid assessment of the distribution of bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 681–686.
-
12.
Jenness Enterprises, 2005. Repeating Shapes (repeat_shapes.avx) Extension for ArcView 3.x. Available at: http://www.jennessent.com/arcview/arcview_extensions.htm. Accessed March 1, 2010.
-
13.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011. Renewed transmission of dracunculiasis—Chad, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60: 744–748.
-
14.
Breman JG, Brandling-Bennett AD, 2011. The challenge of malaria eradication in the twenty-first century: research linked to operations is the key. Vaccine 29 (Suppl 4): D97–D103.
-
15.
Feachem RG, Phillips AA, Hwang J, Cotter C, Wielgosz B, Greenwood BM, Sabot O, Rodriguez MH, Abeyasinghe RR, Ghebreyesus TA, Snow RW, 2010. Shrinking the malaria map: progress and prospects. Lancet 376: 1566–1578.
-
16.
Greenwood B, 2009. Can malaria be eliminated? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103 (Suppl 1): S2–S5.
-
17.
Greenwood BM, Fidock DA, Kyle DE, Kappe SH, Alonso PL, Collins FH, Duffy PE, 2008. Malaria: progress, perils, and prospects for eradication. J Clin Invest 118: 1266–1276.
-
18.
Mendis K, Rietveld A, Warsame M, Bosman A, Greenwood B, Wernsdorfer WH, 2009. From malaria control to eradication: the WHO perspective. Trop Med Int Health 14: 802–809.
-
19.
Cattand P, Jannin J, Lucas P, 2001. Sleeping sickness surveillance: an essential step towards elimination. Trop Med Int Health 6: 348–361.
-
20.
Courtin F, Jamonneau V, Duvallet G, Garcia A, Coulibaly B, Doumenge JP, Cuny G, Solano P, 2008. Sleeping sickness in West Africa (1906–2006): changes in spatial repartition and lessons from the past. Trop Med Int Health 13: 334–344.
-
21.
Molyneux D, Ndung'u J, Maudlin I, 2010. Controlling sleeping sickness—“when will they ever learn?” PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e609.
-
22.
Moore A, Richer M, 2001. Re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness in southern Sudan. Trop Med Int Health 6: 342–347.
-
23.
Van Nieuwenhove S, Betu-Ku-Mesu VK, Diabakana PM, Declercq J, Bilenge CM, 2001. Sleeping sickness resurgence in the DRC: the past decade. Trop Med Int Health 6: 335–341.
-
24.
Mathieu E, Dorkenoo AM, Datagni M, Cantey PT, Morgah K, Harvey K, Ziperstein J, Drexler N, Chapleau G, Sodahlon Y, 2013. It is possible: availability of lymphedema case management in each health facility in Togo. Program description, evaluation, and lessons learned. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 16–22.
-
25.
Eigege A, Richards FO Jr, Blaney DD, Miri ES, Gontor I, Ogah G, Umaru J, Jinadu MY, Mathai W, Amadiegwu S, Hopkins DR, 2003. Rapid assessment for lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria: a comparison of the immunochromatographic card test and hydrocele rates in an area of high endemicity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 643–646.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 908 | 810 | 49 |
| Full Text Views | 364 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 126 | 15 | 0 |
Ongoing Surveillance for Lymphatic Filariasis in Togo: Assessment of Alternatives and Nationwide Reassessment of Transmission Status
Philip J. Budge
Philip J. Budge
Epidemic Intelligence Service Assigned to the Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis, Ministry of Health, Lomé, Togo; Mectizan Donation Program, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Ameyo M. Dorkenoo
Ameyo M. Dorkenoo
Epidemic Intelligence Service Assigned to the Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis, Ministry of Health, Lomé, Togo; Mectizan Donation Program, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Yao K. Sodahlon
Yao K. Sodahlon
Epidemic Intelligence Service Assigned to the Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis, Ministry of Health, Lomé, Togo; Mectizan Donation Program, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Omofolarin B. Fasuyi
Omofolarin B. Fasuyi
Epidemic Intelligence Service Assigned to the Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis, Ministry of Health, Lomé, Togo; Mectizan Donation Program, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Els Mathieu
Els Mathieu
Epidemic Intelligence Service Assigned to the Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis, Ministry of Health, Lomé, Togo; Mectizan Donation Program, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Health Policy and Management, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Tremendous progress has been made towards the goal of global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) transmission by 2020. The number of endemic countries reducing LF transmission through mass drug administration continues to increase, and therefore, the need for effective post-intervention surveillance also continues to increase. Togo is the first sub-Saharan African country to implement LF surveillance, and it has 6 years of experience with this passive surveillance system. We herein report the results of a recent evaluation of the Togolese LF surveillance system, including an evaluation of blood donors as a surveillance population, and provide updated results of ongoing surveillance, including expansion in remote areas. Since implementation of LF surveillance in 2006, only three cases of positive Wuchereria bancrofti filaremia have been detected, suggesting that interruption of transmission has been sustained. Given the impracticality of validating the surveillance system in the absence of ongoing transmission, we confirmed the lack of transmission through a nationwide reassessment survey.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the ENVISION project under cooperative agreement No. AID-OAA-A-11-00048.
Authors' addresses: Philip J. Budge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, E-mail: Philip.budge@vanderbilt.edu. Ameyo M. Dorkenoo, Program for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis, Ministry of Health, Lomé, Togo, E-mail: monicadork@yahoo.fr. Yao K. Sodahlon, Mectizan Donation Program, Decatur, GA, E-mail: ysodahlon@taskforce.org. Omofolarin B. Fasuyi, Department of Family Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, East Point, GA, E-mail: OFasuyi@msm.edu. Els Mathieu, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mail: emm7@cdc.gov.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, 2011. Global Programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis: progress report on mass drug administration, 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 86: 377–388.
-
2.
Zeldenryk LM, Gray M, Speare R, Gordon S, Melrose W, 2011. The emerging story of disability associated with lymphatic filariasis: a critical review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1366.
-
3.
WHA50, 1997. Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis as a Public Health Problem. Available at: http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/mediacentre/WHA_50.29_Eng.pdf. Accessed August 27, 2012.
-
4.
World Health Organization, 2005. Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of the Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis at Implementation Unit Level. Geneva: World Health Organization.
-
5.
World Health Organization, 2011. Monitoring and Epidemiological Assessment of Mass Drug Administration in the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: A Manual for National Elimination Programmes. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.
-
6.
Sodahlon YK, Dorkenoo AM, Morgah K, Nabiliou K, Agbo K, Miller R, Datagni M, Seim A, Mathieu E, 2013. A success story: Togo is moving toward becoming the first sub-Saharan African nation to eliminate lymphatic filariasis through mass drug administration and countrywide morbidity alleviation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7: e2080.
-
7.
Mathieu E, Dorkenoo A, Otogbe FK, Budge PJ, Sodahlon YK, 2011. A laboratory-based surveillance system for Wuchereria bancrofti in Togo: a practical model for resource-poor settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 988–993.
-
8.
German RR, Lee LM, Horan JM, Milstein RL, Pertowski CA, Waller MN; Guidelines Working Group Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2001. Updated guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems: recommendations from the Guidelines Working Group. MMWR Recomm Rep 50 (RR-13): 1–35.
-
9.
Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 1988. Guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 37 (Suppl 5): 1–18.
-
10.
Gyapong JO, Kyelem D, Kleinschmidt I, Agbo K, Ahouandogbo F, Gaba J, Owusu-Banahene G, Sanou S, Sodahlon YK, Biswas G, Kale OO, Molyneux DH, Roungou JB, Thomson MC, Remme J, 2002. The use of spatial analysis in mapping the distribution of bancroftian filariasis in four West African countries. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 96: 695–705.
-
11.
Gyapong JO, Remme JH, 2001. The use of grid sampling methodology for rapid assessment of the distribution of bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 681–686.
-
12.
Jenness Enterprises, 2005. Repeating Shapes (repeat_shapes.avx) Extension for ArcView 3.x. Available at: http://www.jennessent.com/arcview/arcview_extensions.htm. Accessed March 1, 2010.
-
13.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011. Renewed transmission of dracunculiasis—Chad, 2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 60: 744–748.
-
14.
Breman JG, Brandling-Bennett AD, 2011. The challenge of malaria eradication in the twenty-first century: research linked to operations is the key. Vaccine 29 (Suppl 4): D97–D103.
-
15.
Feachem RG, Phillips AA, Hwang J, Cotter C, Wielgosz B, Greenwood BM, Sabot O, Rodriguez MH, Abeyasinghe RR, Ghebreyesus TA, Snow RW, 2010. Shrinking the malaria map: progress and prospects. Lancet 376: 1566–1578.
-
16.
Greenwood B, 2009. Can malaria be eliminated? Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 103 (Suppl 1): S2–S5.
-
17.
Greenwood BM, Fidock DA, Kyle DE, Kappe SH, Alonso PL, Collins FH, Duffy PE, 2008. Malaria: progress, perils, and prospects for eradication. J Clin Invest 118: 1266–1276.
-
18.
Mendis K, Rietveld A, Warsame M, Bosman A, Greenwood B, Wernsdorfer WH, 2009. From malaria control to eradication: the WHO perspective. Trop Med Int Health 14: 802–809.
-
19.
Cattand P, Jannin J, Lucas P, 2001. Sleeping sickness surveillance: an essential step towards elimination. Trop Med Int Health 6: 348–361.
-
20.
Courtin F, Jamonneau V, Duvallet G, Garcia A, Coulibaly B, Doumenge JP, Cuny G, Solano P, 2008. Sleeping sickness in West Africa (1906–2006): changes in spatial repartition and lessons from the past. Trop Med Int Health 13: 334–344.
-
21.
Molyneux D, Ndung'u J, Maudlin I, 2010. Controlling sleeping sickness—“when will they ever learn?” PLoS Negl Trop Dis 4: e609.
-
22.
Moore A, Richer M, 2001. Re-emergence of epidemic sleeping sickness in southern Sudan. Trop Med Int Health 6: 342–347.
-
23.
Van Nieuwenhove S, Betu-Ku-Mesu VK, Diabakana PM, Declercq J, Bilenge CM, 2001. Sleeping sickness resurgence in the DRC: the past decade. Trop Med Int Health 6: 335–341.
-
24.
Mathieu E, Dorkenoo AM, Datagni M, Cantey PT, Morgah K, Harvey K, Ziperstein J, Drexler N, Chapleau G, Sodahlon Y, 2013. It is possible: availability of lymphedema case management in each health facility in Togo. Program description, evaluation, and lessons learned. Am J Trop Med Hyg 89: 16–22.
-
25.
Eigege A, Richards FO Jr, Blaney DD, Miri ES, Gontor I, Ogah G, Umaru J, Jinadu MY, Mathai W, Amadiegwu S, Hopkins DR, 2003. Rapid assessment for lymphatic filariasis in central Nigeria: a comparison of the immunochromatographic card test and hydrocele rates in an area of high endemicity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 68: 643–646.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 908 | 810 | 49 |
| Full Text Views | 364 | 13 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 126 | 15 | 0 |