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Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
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-
1.
Talbot JT, Viall A, Direny A, de Rochars MB, Addiss D, Streit T, Mathieu E, Lammie PJ, 2008. Predictors of compliance in mass drug administration for the treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis in Leogane, Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 283–288.
-
2.
Shenoy RK, Suma TK, Kumaraswami V, Rahmah N, Dhananjayan G, Padma S, Abhilash G, Ramesh C, 2007. Preliminary findings from a cross-sectional study on lymphatic filariasis in children, in an area of India endemic for Brugia malayi infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101: 205–213.
-
3.
Bernhard P, Magnussen P, Lemnge MM, 2001. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of hydrocoele in an area of Tanzania endemic for lymphatic filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 534–536.
-
4.
Addiss DG, Brady MA, 2007. Morbidity management in the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: a review of the scientific literature. Filaria J 6: 2.
-
5.
Dreyer G, Medeiros Z, Netto MJ, Leal NC, de Castro LG, Piessens WF, 1999. Acute attacks in the extremities of persons living in an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis: differentiation of two syndromes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93: 413–417.
-
6.
McPherson T, Persaud S, Singh S, Fay MP, Addiss D, Nutman TB, Hay R, 2006. Interdigital lesions and frequency of acute dermatolymphangioadenitis in lymphoedema in a filariasis-endemic area. Br J Dermatol 154: 933–941.
-
7.
Pani SP, Srividya A, 1995. Clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis with special reference to lymphoedema grading. Indian J Med Res 102: 114–118.
-
8.
Pani SP, Yuvaraj J, Vanamail P, Dhanda V, Michael E, Grenfell BT, Bundy DA, 1995. Episodic adenolymphangitis and lymphoedema in patients with bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89: 72–74.
-
9.
Shenoy RK, Sandhya K, Suma TK, Kumaraswami V, 1995. A preliminary study of filariasis related acute adenolymphangitis with special reference to precipitating factors and treatment modalities. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 26: 301–305.
-
10.
Babu BV, Nayak AN, Dhal K, 2005. Epidemiology of episodic adenolymphangitis: a longitudinal prospective surveillance among a rural community endemic for bancroftian filariasis in coastal Orissa, India. BMC Public Health 5: 50.
-
11.
Ottesen EA, 2000. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Trop Med Int Health 5: 591–594.
-
12.
Dreyer G, Addiss DG, Dreyer P, Norões J, 2002. Basic Lymphoedema Management: Treatment and Prevention of Problems Associated with Lymphatic Filariasis. Hollis, NJ: Hollis Publishing Co.
-
13.
Debrah AY, Mand S, Specht S, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Batsa L, Pfarr K, Larbi J, Lawson B, Taylor M, Adjei O, Hoerauf A, 2006. Doxycycline reduces plasma VEGF-C/sVEGFR-3 and improves pathology in lymphatic filariasis. PLoS Pathog 2: e92.
-
14.
Joseph A, Mony P, Prasad M, John S, Srikanth, Mathai D, 2004. The efficacies of affected-limb care with penicillin diethylcarbamazine, the combination of both drugs or antibiotic ointment, in the prevention of acute adenolymphangitis during bancroftian filariasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98: 685–696.
-
15.
Shenoy RK, Suma TK, Rajan K, Kumaraswami V, 1998. Prevention of acute adenolymphangitis in brugian filariasis: comparison of the efficacy of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine, each combined with local treatment of the affected limb. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 587–594.
-
16.
Shenoy RK, Kumaraswami V, Suma TK, Rajan K, Radhakuttyamma G, 1999. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of oral penicillin, diethylcarbamazine or local treatment of the affected limb in preventing acute adenolymphangitis in lymphoedema caused by brugian filariasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: 367–377.
-
17.
Suma TK, Shenoy RK, Kumaraswami V, 2002. Efficacy and sustainability of a footcare programme in preventing acute attacks of adenolymphangitis in Brugian filariasis. Trop Med Int Health 7: 763–766.
-
18.
McPherson T, 2003. Impact on the quality of life of lymphoedema patients following introduction of a hygiene and skin care regimen in a Guyanese community endemic for lymphatic filariasis: a preliminary clinical intervention study. Filaria J 2: 1.
-
19.
Wijesinghe RS, Wickremasinghe AR, Ekanayake S, Perera MS, 2007. Efficacy of a limb-care regime in preventing acute adenolymphangitis in patients with lymphoedema caused by bancroftian filariasis, in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101: 487–497.
-
20.
Kerketta AS, Babu BV, Rath K, Jangid PK, Nayak AN, Kar SK, 2005. A randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of three treatment regimens along with footcare in the morbidity management of filarial lymphoedema. Trop Med Int Health 10: 698–705.
-
21.
Shenoy RK, Suma TK, Kumaraswami V, Rahmah N, Dhananjayan G, Padma S, 2009. Antifilarial drugs, in the doses employed in mass drug administrations by the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, reverse lymphatic pathology in children with Brugia malayi infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 103: 235–247.
-
22.
Dreyer G, Addiss D, Roberts J, Noroes J, 2002. Progression of lymphatic vessel dilatation in the presence of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 157–161.
-
23.
Freedman DO, Bui T, De Almeida Filho PJ, Braga C, Maia e Silva MC, Maciel A, Furtado AF, 1995. Lymphoscintigraphic assessment of the effect of diethylcarbamazine treatment on lymphatic damage in human bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 258–261.
-
24.
March HN, Laigret J, Kessel JF, Bambridge B, 1960. Reduction in the prevalence of clinical filariasis in Tahiti following adoption of a control program. Am J Trop Med Hyg 9: 180–184.
-
25.
Partono F, Maizels RM, Purnomo, 1989. Towards a filariasis-free community: evaluation of filariasis control over an eleven year period in Flores, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83: 821–826.
-
26.
Hewitt R, Kenney M, Chan A, Mohamed H, 1950. Follow-up observations on the treatment of bancroftian filariasis with hetrazan in British Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 217–237.
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27.
Kenney M, Hewitt R, 1949. Treatment of bancroftian filariasis with hetrazan in British Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 29: 89–114.
-
28.
Pani SP, Krishnamoorthy K, Prathibha J, Rao AS, 1989. Diethylcarbamazine and supportive measures for the treatment of brugian filariasis. Natl Med J India 2: 260–263.
-
29.
Moore TA, Reynolds JC, Kenney RT, Johnston W, Nutman TB, 1996. Diethylcarbamazine-induced reversal of early lymphatic dysfunction in a patient with bancroftian filariasis: assessment with use of lymphoscintigraphy. Clin Infect Dis 23: 1007–1011.
-
30.
Bockarie MJ, Tisch DJ, Kastens W, Alexander ND, Dimber Z, Bockarie F, Ibam E, Alpers MP, Kazura JW, 2002. Mass treatment to eliminate filariasis in Papua New Guinea. N Engl J Med 347: 1841–1848.
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Meyrowitsch DW, Simonsen PE, Makunde WH, 1996. Mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis through community participation: comparative efficacy of a low monthly dose and medicated salt. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 74–79.
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A Longitudinal Analysis of the Effect of Mass Drug Administration on Acute Inflammatory Episodes and Disease Progression in Lymphedema Patients in Léogane, Haiti
Brittany A. Eddy
Brittany A. Eddy
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia; Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; and Lymphatic Filariasis Program, Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogane, Haiti
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Anna J. Blackstock
Anna J. Blackstock
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia; Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; and Lymphatic Filariasis Program, Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogane, Haiti
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John M. Williamson
John M. Williamson
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia; Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; and Lymphatic Filariasis Program, Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogane, Haiti
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David G. Addiss
David G. Addiss
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia; Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; and Lymphatic Filariasis Program, Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogane, Haiti
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Thomas G. Streit
Thomas G. Streit
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia; Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; and Lymphatic Filariasis Program, Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogane, Haiti
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Valery M. Beau de Rochars
Valery M. Beau de Rochars
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia; Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; and Lymphatic Filariasis Program, Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogane, Haiti
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LeAnne M. Fox
LeAnne M. Fox
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia; Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia; Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; and Lymphatic Filariasis Program, Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogane, Haiti
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We conducted a longitudinal analysis of 117 lymphedema patients in a filariasis-endemic area of Haiti during 1995–2008. No difference in lymphedema progression between those who received or did not receive mass drug administration (MDA) was found on measures of foot (P = 0.24), ankle (P = 0.87), or leg (P = 0.46) circumference; leg volume displacement (P = 0.09), lymphedema stage (P = 0.93), or frequency of adenolymphangitis (ADL) episodes (P = 0.57). Rates of ADL per year were greater after initiation of MDA among both groups (P < 0.01). Nevertheless, patients who received MDA reported improvement in four areas of lymphedema-related quality of life (P ≤ 0.01). Decreases in foot and ankle circumference and ADL episodes were observed during the 1995-1998 lymphedema management study (P ≤ 0.01). This study represents the first longitudinal, quantitative, leg-specific analysis examining the clinical effect of diethylcarbamazine on lymphedema progression and ADL episodes.
Author Notes
Financial support: This study was supported by The University of Notre Dame Haiti Program with funding by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; the Framework in Global Health (grant 5 R25 TW7733) to Emory University from the Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health; and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Authors' addresses: Brittany A. Eddy, c/o Partners in Health, Boston, MA, E-mail: beddy@pih.org, Anna J. Blackstock and LeAnne M. Fox, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, E-mails: ablackstock@cdc.gov and lfox@cdc.gov. John M. Williamson, Center for Global Health Research, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisian Kisumu, Kenya, E-mail: jwilliamson@ke.cdc.gov. David G. Addiss, Children Without Worms, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, E-mail: daddiss@taskforce.org. Thomas G. Streit, Center for Tropical Disease Research and Training, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, E-mail: streit1@nd.edu. Valery M. Beau de Rochars, Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, E-mail: madsenbeau@phhp.ufl.edu.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Talbot JT, Viall A, Direny A, de Rochars MB, Addiss D, Streit T, Mathieu E, Lammie PJ, 2008. Predictors of compliance in mass drug administration for the treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis in Leogane, Haiti. Am J Trop Med Hyg 78: 283–288.
-
2.
Shenoy RK, Suma TK, Kumaraswami V, Rahmah N, Dhananjayan G, Padma S, Abhilash G, Ramesh C, 2007. Preliminary findings from a cross-sectional study on lymphatic filariasis in children, in an area of India endemic for Brugia malayi infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101: 205–213.
-
3.
Bernhard P, Magnussen P, Lemnge MM, 2001. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of hydrocoele in an area of Tanzania endemic for lymphatic filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 95: 534–536.
-
4.
Addiss DG, Brady MA, 2007. Morbidity management in the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis: a review of the scientific literature. Filaria J 6: 2.
-
5.
Dreyer G, Medeiros Z, Netto MJ, Leal NC, de Castro LG, Piessens WF, 1999. Acute attacks in the extremities of persons living in an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis: differentiation of two syndromes. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 93: 413–417.
-
6.
McPherson T, Persaud S, Singh S, Fay MP, Addiss D, Nutman TB, Hay R, 2006. Interdigital lesions and frequency of acute dermatolymphangioadenitis in lymphoedema in a filariasis-endemic area. Br J Dermatol 154: 933–941.
-
7.
Pani SP, Srividya A, 1995. Clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis with special reference to lymphoedema grading. Indian J Med Res 102: 114–118.
-
8.
Pani SP, Yuvaraj J, Vanamail P, Dhanda V, Michael E, Grenfell BT, Bundy DA, 1995. Episodic adenolymphangitis and lymphoedema in patients with bancroftian filariasis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 89: 72–74.
-
9.
Shenoy RK, Sandhya K, Suma TK, Kumaraswami V, 1995. A preliminary study of filariasis related acute adenolymphangitis with special reference to precipitating factors and treatment modalities. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 26: 301–305.
-
10.
Babu BV, Nayak AN, Dhal K, 2005. Epidemiology of episodic adenolymphangitis: a longitudinal prospective surveillance among a rural community endemic for bancroftian filariasis in coastal Orissa, India. BMC Public Health 5: 50.
-
11.
Ottesen EA, 2000. The global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Trop Med Int Health 5: 591–594.
-
12.
Dreyer G, Addiss DG, Dreyer P, Norões J, 2002. Basic Lymphoedema Management: Treatment and Prevention of Problems Associated with Lymphatic Filariasis. Hollis, NJ: Hollis Publishing Co.
-
13.
Debrah AY, Mand S, Specht S, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Batsa L, Pfarr K, Larbi J, Lawson B, Taylor M, Adjei O, Hoerauf A, 2006. Doxycycline reduces plasma VEGF-C/sVEGFR-3 and improves pathology in lymphatic filariasis. PLoS Pathog 2: e92.
-
14.
Joseph A, Mony P, Prasad M, John S, Srikanth, Mathai D, 2004. The efficacies of affected-limb care with penicillin diethylcarbamazine, the combination of both drugs or antibiotic ointment, in the prevention of acute adenolymphangitis during bancroftian filariasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 98: 685–696.
-
15.
Shenoy RK, Suma TK, Rajan K, Kumaraswami V, 1998. Prevention of acute adenolymphangitis in brugian filariasis: comparison of the efficacy of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine, each combined with local treatment of the affected limb. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 92: 587–594.
-
16.
Shenoy RK, Kumaraswami V, Suma TK, Rajan K, Radhakuttyamma G, 1999. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy of oral penicillin, diethylcarbamazine or local treatment of the affected limb in preventing acute adenolymphangitis in lymphoedema caused by brugian filariasis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 93: 367–377.
-
17.
Suma TK, Shenoy RK, Kumaraswami V, 2002. Efficacy and sustainability of a footcare programme in preventing acute attacks of adenolymphangitis in Brugian filariasis. Trop Med Int Health 7: 763–766.
-
18.
McPherson T, 2003. Impact on the quality of life of lymphoedema patients following introduction of a hygiene and skin care regimen in a Guyanese community endemic for lymphatic filariasis: a preliminary clinical intervention study. Filaria J 2: 1.
-
19.
Wijesinghe RS, Wickremasinghe AR, Ekanayake S, Perera MS, 2007. Efficacy of a limb-care regime in preventing acute adenolymphangitis in patients with lymphoedema caused by bancroftian filariasis, in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 101: 487–497.
-
20.
Kerketta AS, Babu BV, Rath K, Jangid PK, Nayak AN, Kar SK, 2005. A randomized clinical trial to compare the efficacy of three treatment regimens along with footcare in the morbidity management of filarial lymphoedema. Trop Med Int Health 10: 698–705.
-
21.
Shenoy RK, Suma TK, Kumaraswami V, Rahmah N, Dhananjayan G, Padma S, 2009. Antifilarial drugs, in the doses employed in mass drug administrations by the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis, reverse lymphatic pathology in children with Brugia malayi infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 103: 235–247.
-
22.
Dreyer G, Addiss D, Roberts J, Noroes J, 2002. Progression of lymphatic vessel dilatation in the presence of living adult Wuchereria bancrofti. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 96: 157–161.
-
23.
Freedman DO, Bui T, De Almeida Filho PJ, Braga C, Maia e Silva MC, Maciel A, Furtado AF, 1995. Lymphoscintigraphic assessment of the effect of diethylcarbamazine treatment on lymphatic damage in human bancroftian filariasis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 52: 258–261.
-
24.
March HN, Laigret J, Kessel JF, Bambridge B, 1960. Reduction in the prevalence of clinical filariasis in Tahiti following adoption of a control program. Am J Trop Med Hyg 9: 180–184.
-
25.
Partono F, Maizels RM, Purnomo, 1989. Towards a filariasis-free community: evaluation of filariasis control over an eleven year period in Flores, Indonesia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 83: 821–826.
-
26.
Hewitt R, Kenney M, Chan A, Mohamed H, 1950. Follow-up observations on the treatment of bancroftian filariasis with hetrazan in British Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 30: 217–237.
-
27.
Kenney M, Hewitt R, 1949. Treatment of bancroftian filariasis with hetrazan in British Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 29: 89–114.
-
28.
Pani SP, Krishnamoorthy K, Prathibha J, Rao AS, 1989. Diethylcarbamazine and supportive measures for the treatment of brugian filariasis. Natl Med J India 2: 260–263.
-
29.
Moore TA, Reynolds JC, Kenney RT, Johnston W, Nutman TB, 1996. Diethylcarbamazine-induced reversal of early lymphatic dysfunction in a patient with bancroftian filariasis: assessment with use of lymphoscintigraphy. Clin Infect Dis 23: 1007–1011.
-
30.
Bockarie MJ, Tisch DJ, Kastens W, Alexander ND, Dimber Z, Bockarie F, Ibam E, Alpers MP, Kazura JW, 2002. Mass treatment to eliminate filariasis in Papua New Guinea. N Engl J Med 347: 1841–1848.
-
31.
Meyrowitsch DW, Simonsen PE, Makunde WH, 1996. Mass diethylcarbamazine chemotherapy for control of bancroftian filariasis through community participation: comparative efficacy of a low monthly dose and medicated salt. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 74–79.
-
32.
Ciferri F, Siliga N, Long G, Kessel JF, 1969. A filariasis-control program in American Samoa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 18: 369–378.
-
33.
Beye HK, Edgar SA, Mille R, Kessel JF, Bambridge B, 1952. Preliminary observations on the prevalence, clinical manifestations and control of filariasis in the Society Islands. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1: 637–661.
-
34.
Fan PC, Peng HW, Chen CC, 1995. Follow-up investigations on clinical manifestations after filariasis eradication by diethylcarbamazine medicated common salt on Kinmen (Quemoy) Islands, Republic of China. J Trop Med Hyg 98: 461–464.
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