Ministerio del Ambiente. Superficie Departmental y Superficie de Bosque Amazonico. 2002. Available at: http://181.65.172.167/siaramazonas/index.php?idElementoInformacion=524&idformula=&idTipoElemento=&tipoelemento=. Accessed June 20, 2013.
Instituto Nacional de EstadÃstica e Informática, 2012. Superficie, población total proyectada, densidad poblacional y ubicación geofráfica de la capital legal, según provincia y distrito. Available at: http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib1018/cuadros/loreto/loreto_16_5.xls. Accessed June 11, 2013.
Nawaz H, Rahman MA, Graham D, Katz DL, Jekel J, 2001. Health risk behaviors and health perceptions in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 252–256.
Instituto Nacional de EstadÃstica e Informática. Perfil de la pobreza por departamentos 2001–2010. 2011. Available at: http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0981/index.html. Accessed June 11, 2013.
Caranza Valle J, Casaverde Riveros M, Cruzate GarcÃa D, 2012. Boletin extraordinario de la evaluación hydrológica y pluviométrica en la cuenca Amazónica Peruana. Servicio nacional de meterologÃa e hidrologÃa del Perú.
Lewis SL, Brando M, Phillips O, van der Heijden GM, Nepstad D, 2011. The 2010 Amazon drought. Science 6017: 554.
Merngo J, Alves J, Soares W, Rodriguez D, 2011. The drought of 2010 in the context of historical droughts in the Amazon region. Geophys Res Lett 38: 1–5.
Ministerio de Salud - Oficina General de EstadÃstica e Informática, 2010. Principales causas de mortalidad por sexo: Departamento de Loreto, Lima, Peru. Available at: http://www.minsa.gob.pe/estadisticas/estadisticas/Mortalidad/Macros.asp?16. Accessed June 11, 2013.
Ministerio de Salud - Oficina General de EstadÃstica e Informática, 2012. Principales causas de morbilidad registradas en consulta externa departamento de Loreto – ano. Available at: http://www.minsa.gob.pe/estadisticas/estadisticas/Morbilidad/CEMacros.asp?16. Accessed June 11, 2013.
Zavaleta C, Fernández C, Konda K, Valderrama Y, Vermund SH, Gotuzzo E, 2007. Short report: high prevalence of HIV and syphilis in a remote native community of the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 703–705.
Newman DE, Shapiro MC, 2010. Obstacles faced by general practitioners in Loreto Department, Peru in pursuing residency training. Rural Remote Health 10: 1256.
Jovel EM, Cabanillas J, Towers GH, 1996. An ethnobotanical study of the traditional medicine of the Mestizo people of Suni Mirano, Loreto, Peru. J Ethnopharmacol 53: 149–156.
Valadeau C, Castillo JA, Sauvain M, Lores AF, Bourdy G, 2010. The rainbow hurts my skin: medicinal concepts and plants uses among the Yanesha (Amuesha), an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group. J Ethnopharmacol 127: 175–192.
Oeser CC, Escombe AR, Gilman RH, Friedland JS, Evans CA, Moore DA, 2005. Does traditional medicine use hamper efforts at tuberculosis control in urban Peru? Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 571–575.
Ford CM, Bayer AM, Gilman RH, Onifade D, Acosta C, Cabrera L, Vidal C, Evans CA, 2009. Factors associated with delayed tuberculosis test-seeking behavior in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 1097–1102.
Mittelmark MB, 2009. Millenium development goals. Glob Health Promot 16: 3–4, 73–74, 88–89.
Paul J, 2008. Millenium development goals: world health and population. World Health Popul 10: 3–4.
The UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education profile–Peru. 2013. Available at: http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx&ReportId=121&IF_Language=en&BR_Country=6040. Accessed June 20, 2013.
Pope DP, Mishra V, Thompson L, Siddiqui AR, Rehfuess EA, Weber M, Bruce NG, 2010. Risk of low birth weight and stillbirth associated with indoor air pollution from solid fuel use in developing countries. Epidemiol Rev 32: 70–81.
Chuquiyauri R, Paredes M, Penataro P, Torres S, Marin S, Tenorio A, Brouwer KC, Abeles S, Llanos-Cuentas A, Gilman RH, Kosek M, Vinetz JM, 2012. Socio-demographics and the development of malaria elimination strategies in the low transmission setting. Acta Trop 121: 292–302.
Gentry AH, 1988. Tree species richness of upper Amazonian forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 156–159.
Ceuterick M, Vandebroek I, Pieroni A, 2011. Resilience of Andean urban ethnobotanies: a comparison of medicinal plant use among Bolivian and Peruvian migrants in the United Kingdom and in their countries of origin. J Ethnopharmacol 136: 27–54.
Roumy V, Garcia-Pizango G, Gutierrez-Choquevilca AL, Ruiz L, Jullian V, Winterton P, Fabre N, Moulis C, Valentin A, 2007. Amazonian plants from Peru used by Quechua and Mestizo to treat malaria with evaluation of their activity. J Ethnopharmacol 112: 482–489.
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Little is published about the health issues of traditional communities in the remote Peruvian Amazon. This study assessed healthcare access, health perceptions, and beliefs of the indigenous population along the Ampiyacu and Yaguasyacu rivers in north-eastern Peru. One hundred and seventy-nine adult inhabitants of 10 remote settlements attending health clinics were interviewed during a medical services trip in April 2012. Demographics, health status, access to healthcare, health education, sanitation, alcohol use, and smoke exposure were recorded. Our findings indicate that poverty, household overcrowding, and poor sanitation remain commonplace in this group. Furthermore, there are poor levels of health education and on-going barriers to accessing healthcare. Healthcare access and health education remain poor in the remote Peruvian Amazon. This combined with poverty and its sequelae render this population vulnerable to disease.
Financial support: This work was supported by Christ Church College, Oxford; The University of Oxford Medical School, and Project Amazonas Inc. of Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
Authors' addresses. Charlotte K. Brierley, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK, E-mail: ckbrierley@gmail.com. Nicolas Suarez, Cheltenham General Hospital, Cheltenham, UK, E-mail: suarez.nick@gmail.com. Gitanjli Arora, UCLA Center for World Health, Los Angeles, CA, E-mail: gtarora@gmail.com. Devon Graham, Project Amazonas, Inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL, E-mail: devon@projectamazonas.org.
Reprint requests: Devon Graham, Project Amazonas, Inc., 701 E Commercial Boulevard #200, Fort Lauderdale, FL 3333.
Ministerio del Ambiente. Superficie Departmental y Superficie de Bosque Amazonico. 2002. Available at: http://181.65.172.167/siaramazonas/index.php?idElementoInformacion=524&idformula=&idTipoElemento=&tipoelemento=. Accessed June 20, 2013.
Instituto Nacional de EstadÃstica e Informática, 2012. Superficie, población total proyectada, densidad poblacional y ubicación geofráfica de la capital legal, según provincia y distrito. Available at: http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib1018/cuadros/loreto/loreto_16_5.xls. Accessed June 11, 2013.
Nawaz H, Rahman MA, Graham D, Katz DL, Jekel J, 2001. Health risk behaviors and health perceptions in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 252–256.
Instituto Nacional de EstadÃstica e Informática. Perfil de la pobreza por departamentos 2001–2010. 2011. Available at: http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0981/index.html. Accessed June 11, 2013.
Caranza Valle J, Casaverde Riveros M, Cruzate GarcÃa D, 2012. Boletin extraordinario de la evaluación hydrológica y pluviométrica en la cuenca Amazónica Peruana. Servicio nacional de meterologÃa e hidrologÃa del Perú.
Lewis SL, Brando M, Phillips O, van der Heijden GM, Nepstad D, 2011. The 2010 Amazon drought. Science 6017: 554.
Merngo J, Alves J, Soares W, Rodriguez D, 2011. The drought of 2010 in the context of historical droughts in the Amazon region. Geophys Res Lett 38: 1–5.
Ministerio de Salud - Oficina General de EstadÃstica e Informática, 2010. Principales causas de mortalidad por sexo: Departamento de Loreto, Lima, Peru. Available at: http://www.minsa.gob.pe/estadisticas/estadisticas/Mortalidad/Macros.asp?16. Accessed June 11, 2013.
Ministerio de Salud - Oficina General de EstadÃstica e Informática, 2012. Principales causas de morbilidad registradas en consulta externa departamento de Loreto – ano. Available at: http://www.minsa.gob.pe/estadisticas/estadisticas/Morbilidad/CEMacros.asp?16. Accessed June 11, 2013.
Zavaleta C, Fernández C, Konda K, Valderrama Y, Vermund SH, Gotuzzo E, 2007. Short report: high prevalence of HIV and syphilis in a remote native community of the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 703–705.
Newman DE, Shapiro MC, 2010. Obstacles faced by general practitioners in Loreto Department, Peru in pursuing residency training. Rural Remote Health 10: 1256.
Jovel EM, Cabanillas J, Towers GH, 1996. An ethnobotanical study of the traditional medicine of the Mestizo people of Suni Mirano, Loreto, Peru. J Ethnopharmacol 53: 149–156.
Valadeau C, Castillo JA, Sauvain M, Lores AF, Bourdy G, 2010. The rainbow hurts my skin: medicinal concepts and plants uses among the Yanesha (Amuesha), an Amazonian Peruvian ethnic group. J Ethnopharmacol 127: 175–192.
Oeser CC, Escombe AR, Gilman RH, Friedland JS, Evans CA, Moore DA, 2005. Does traditional medicine use hamper efforts at tuberculosis control in urban Peru? Am J Trop Med Hyg 73: 571–575.
Ford CM, Bayer AM, Gilman RH, Onifade D, Acosta C, Cabrera L, Vidal C, Evans CA, 2009. Factors associated with delayed tuberculosis test-seeking behavior in the Peruvian Amazon. Am J Trop Med Hyg 81: 1097–1102.
Mittelmark MB, 2009. Millenium development goals. Glob Health Promot 16: 3–4, 73–74, 88–89.
Paul J, 2008. Millenium development goals: world health and population. World Health Popul 10: 3–4.
The UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Education profile–Peru. 2013. Available at: http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx&ReportId=121&IF_Language=en&BR_Country=6040. Accessed June 20, 2013.
Pope DP, Mishra V, Thompson L, Siddiqui AR, Rehfuess EA, Weber M, Bruce NG, 2010. Risk of low birth weight and stillbirth associated with indoor air pollution from solid fuel use in developing countries. Epidemiol Rev 32: 70–81.
Chuquiyauri R, Paredes M, Penataro P, Torres S, Marin S, Tenorio A, Brouwer KC, Abeles S, Llanos-Cuentas A, Gilman RH, Kosek M, Vinetz JM, 2012. Socio-demographics and the development of malaria elimination strategies in the low transmission setting. Acta Trop 121: 292–302.
Gentry AH, 1988. Tree species richness of upper Amazonian forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 156–159.
Ceuterick M, Vandebroek I, Pieroni A, 2011. Resilience of Andean urban ethnobotanies: a comparison of medicinal plant use among Bolivian and Peruvian migrants in the United Kingdom and in their countries of origin. J Ethnopharmacol 136: 27–54.
Roumy V, Garcia-Pizango G, Gutierrez-Choquevilca AL, Ruiz L, Jullian V, Winterton P, Fabre N, Moulis C, Valentin A, 2007. Amazonian plants from Peru used by Quechua and Mestizo to treat malaria with evaluation of their activity. J Ethnopharmacol 112: 482–489.
Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
---|---|---|---|
Abstract Views | 1702 | 1182 | 74 |
Full Text Views | 1130 | 24 | 1 |
PDF Downloads | 773 | 24 | 1 |