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1.
World Health Organization, 2008. Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS: Ethiopia. 2008 Update. Available at: http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/full/EFS2008_ET.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.
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2.
Asgary R, Amin S, Grigoryan Z, Naderi R, Aronson J, 2012. Perceived stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV and AIDS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative approach. J Public Health 8: 1–8.
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3.
Banteyerga H, Kidanu A, Nyblade L, MacQuarrie K, Pande R, 2004. Yichalaliko! Exploring HIV and AIDS Stigma and Related Discrimination in Ethiopia: Causes, Manifestations, Consequences, and Coping Mechanisms. Addis Ababa: Miz-Hasab Research Center. Available at: http://pre.docdat.com/docs/index-204526.html. Accessed April 22, 2013.
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International Center for Research on Women, 2002. Understanding HIV-related Stigma and Resulting Discrimination in sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging Themes from Early Data Collection in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia. ICRW Research Update. Available at: http://www.icrw.org/docs/Stigma_ResearchUpdate_062502.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.
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Parker R, Aggleton P, Attawell K, Pulerwitz J, Brown L, 2002. HIV/AIDS-related Stigma and Discrimination: A Conceptual Framework and an Agenda for Action. New York: Population Council. Available at: http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/horizons/sdcncptlfrmwrk.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.
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Rao D, Kekwaletswe TC, Hosek S, Martinez J, Rodriguez F, 2007. Stigma and social barriers to medication adherence with urban youth living with HIV. AIDS Care 19: 28–33.
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Yerdaw M, Nedi T, Enquoselassie F, 2002. Assessment of awareness of HIV/AIDS among selected target groups in and around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Afr J Reprod Health 6: 30–38.
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Reda AA, Biadgilign S, 2012. Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-Infected patients in Africa. Aids Res Treat 2012: 574–656.
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9.
Simbayi LC, Kalichman S, Strebel A, Clote A, Henda N, Mquketo A, 2007. Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Soc Sci Med 64: 1823–1831.
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Abebe Y, 2008. Quarter of Ethiopia AIDS patients have stopped drugs. Clin Infect Dis 47: 4.
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Deribe K, Hailekiros F, Biadgilign S, Amberbir A, Beyene BK, 2008. Defaulters from antiretroviral treatment in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, southwest Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health 3: 328–333.
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12.
Tadios Y, Davey G, 2006. Antiretroviral drug adherence and its correlates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 44: 237–244.
-
13.
Unge C, Ragnarsson A, Ekström AM, Indalo D, Belita A, Carter J, Ilako F, Södergård B, 2011. The influence of traditional medicine and religion on discontinuation of ART in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS Care 23: 851–858.
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14.
Aga F, Kylmä J, Nikkonen M, 2009. Sociocultural factors influencing HIV/AIDS caregiving in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Nurs Health Sci 11: 244–251.
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Salomon JA, Hogan DR, Stover J, Stanecki K, Walker N, Ghys PD, Schwartlander B, 2005. Integrating HIV prevention and treatment: from slogans to impact. PLoS Med 2: 50–56.
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Marshall C, Rossman G, 1989. Designing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
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Krueger R, 1994. Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. Second edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
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Sim J, 1998. Collecting and analyzing qualitative date: issues raised by the focus group. J Adv Nurs 28: 345–352.
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Vaugn S, Schumm J, Sinagub J, 1996. Focus Group Interviews in Education and Psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
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20.
Mitike G, Mariam DH, Tsui AO, 2008. Patterns of knowledge and condom use among populations groups: results from the 2005 Ethiopian behavioral surveillance surveys on HIV. BMC Public Health 8: 429–443.
-
21.
Berhanu Z, 2010. Holy water as an intervention for HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. J HIV AIDS Soc Serv 9: 240–260.
-
22.
Farr AC, Witte K, Jarato K, Menard T, 2005. The effectiveness of media use in health education: evaluation of an HIV/AIDS radio campaign in Ethiopia. J Health Commun 10: 225–235.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1413 | 1360 | 45 |
| Full Text Views | 350 | 11 | 0 |
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Community Perception, Misconception, and Discord Regarding Prevention and Treatment of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Ramin Asgary
Ramin Asgary
Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York; The Worldwide Orphan Foundation, Maplewood, New Jersey
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Sheila Antony
Sheila Antony
Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York; The Worldwide Orphan Foundation, Maplewood, New Jersey
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Zoya Grigoryan
Zoya Grigoryan
Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York; The Worldwide Orphan Foundation, Maplewood, New Jersey
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Jane Aronson
Jane Aronson
Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut; Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York; The Worldwide Orphan Foundation, Maplewood, New Jersey
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Approximately one million persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live in Ethiopia. Socio-cultural factors influence prevention and treatment adherence. We applied a qualitative descriptive approach to evaluate community perception, knowledge, and the role of spiritual factors in regard to HIV. We conducted 14 focus groups with sampling of HIV+ and HIV− participants (n = 52) by using open-ended questions. We coded and analyzed data for major themes. There are misconceptions, including transmission via casual contact, and pervasive beliefs of holy water as a cure. Many HIV− participants believe treatment is ineffective or incompatible with holy water. Most HIV+ participants believe treatment and holy water can be taken together, but experienced either pressure to stop treatment or stigma when taking medications. Participants emphasized the role of spiritual leaders in directing and shaping community perspectives on HIV. Ongoing community education via local initiatives, nation-wide structural and environmental strategies, and efforts tailored toward Ethiopian society to reconcile treatment with faith are crucial.
Author Notes
Authors' addresses: Ramin Asgary, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, E-mail: ramin.asgary@caa.columbia.edu. Sheila Antony, Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, E-mail: sheila.antony@yale.edu. Zoya Grigoryan, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, E-mail: zoya.gr@gmail.com. Jane Aronson, Worldwide Orphan Foundation, Maplewood, NJ, E-mail: orphandoctor@gmail.com.
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
World Health Organization, 2008. Epidemiological Fact Sheet on HIV and AIDS: Ethiopia. 2008 Update. Available at: http://apps.who.int/globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/full/EFS2008_ET.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.
-
2.
Asgary R, Amin S, Grigoryan Z, Naderi R, Aronson J, 2012. Perceived stigma and discrimination towards people living with HIV and AIDS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a qualitative approach. J Public Health 8: 1–8.
-
3.
Banteyerga H, Kidanu A, Nyblade L, MacQuarrie K, Pande R, 2004. Yichalaliko! Exploring HIV and AIDS Stigma and Related Discrimination in Ethiopia: Causes, Manifestations, Consequences, and Coping Mechanisms. Addis Ababa: Miz-Hasab Research Center. Available at: http://pre.docdat.com/docs/index-204526.html. Accessed April 22, 2013.
-
4.
International Center for Research on Women, 2002. Understanding HIV-related Stigma and Resulting Discrimination in sub-Saharan Africa: Emerging Themes from Early Data Collection in Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zambia. ICRW Research Update. Available at: http://www.icrw.org/docs/Stigma_ResearchUpdate_062502.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.
-
5.
Parker R, Aggleton P, Attawell K, Pulerwitz J, Brown L, 2002. HIV/AIDS-related Stigma and Discrimination: A Conceptual Framework and an Agenda for Action. New York: Population Council. Available at: http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/horizons/sdcncptlfrmwrk.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2013.
-
6.
Rao D, Kekwaletswe TC, Hosek S, Martinez J, Rodriguez F, 2007. Stigma and social barriers to medication adherence with urban youth living with HIV. AIDS Care 19: 28–33.
-
7.
Yerdaw M, Nedi T, Enquoselassie F, 2002. Assessment of awareness of HIV/AIDS among selected target groups in and around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Afr J Reprod Health 6: 30–38.
-
8.
Reda AA, Biadgilign S, 2012. Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-Infected patients in Africa. Aids Res Treat 2012: 574–656.
-
9.
Simbayi LC, Kalichman S, Strebel A, Clote A, Henda N, Mquketo A, 2007. Internalized stigma, discrimination, and depression among men and women living with HIV/AIDS in Cape Town, South Africa. Soc Sci Med 64: 1823–1831.
-
10.
Abebe Y, 2008. Quarter of Ethiopia AIDS patients have stopped drugs. Clin Infect Dis 47: 4.
-
11.
Deribe K, Hailekiros F, Biadgilign S, Amberbir A, Beyene BK, 2008. Defaulters from antiretroviral treatment in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, southwest Ethiopia. Trop Med Int Health 3: 328–333.
-
12.
Tadios Y, Davey G, 2006. Antiretroviral drug adherence and its correlates in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 44: 237–244.
-
13.
Unge C, Ragnarsson A, Ekström AM, Indalo D, Belita A, Carter J, Ilako F, Södergård B, 2011. The influence of traditional medicine and religion on discontinuation of ART in an urban informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS Care 23: 851–858.
-
14.
Aga F, Kylmä J, Nikkonen M, 2009. Sociocultural factors influencing HIV/AIDS caregiving in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Nurs Health Sci 11: 244–251.
-
15.
Salomon JA, Hogan DR, Stover J, Stanecki K, Walker N, Ghys PD, Schwartlander B, 2005. Integrating HIV prevention and treatment: from slogans to impact. PLoS Med 2: 50–56.
-
16.
Marshall C, Rossman G, 1989. Designing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
-
17.
Krueger R, 1994. Focus Groups: A Practical Guide for Applied Research. Second edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
-
18.
Sim J, 1998. Collecting and analyzing qualitative date: issues raised by the focus group. J Adv Nurs 28: 345–352.
-
19.
Vaugn S, Schumm J, Sinagub J, 1996. Focus Group Interviews in Education and Psychology. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
-
20.
Mitike G, Mariam DH, Tsui AO, 2008. Patterns of knowledge and condom use among populations groups: results from the 2005 Ethiopian behavioral surveillance surveys on HIV. BMC Public Health 8: 429–443.
-
21.
Berhanu Z, 2010. Holy water as an intervention for HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. J HIV AIDS Soc Serv 9: 240–260.
-
22.
Farr AC, Witte K, Jarato K, Menard T, 2005. The effectiveness of media use in health education: evaluation of an HIV/AIDS radio campaign in Ethiopia. J Health Commun 10: 225–235.
| Past two years | Past Year | Past 30 Days | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abstract Views | 1413 | 1360 | 45 |
| Full Text Views | 350 | 11 | 0 |
| PDF Downloads | 92 | 11 | 0 |